Sharci miyuu Maraykanku u haystaa inuu dambiilayaal u tarxiilo Afrika

Maamulka Mareykanka ayaa u jeestay qaarada Afrika, bal inay noqon karto meel kale oo loo soo tarxiilo dadka soo galootiga ah ee uu sheegay in ay dambiilayaal yihiin.

Iyadoo tiro dad ah loo tarxiilay dalalka Bartamaha iyo Koonfurta Ameerika, ayaa 12 nin oo ka ka soo jeeda dalal ay ku jiraan Mexico, Myanmar iyo Yemen ayaa bishii hore loo diray Eswatini iyo Koonfurta Suudaan. Hal qof oo u dhashay Koonfurta Suudaan ayaa sidoo kale dib loo celiyay.

Wadamada kale ee Afrika ayaa sidoo kale lagu soo waramayaa in Mareykanka uu ku cadaadinayo in ay aqbalaan dadka aysan dalalkooda dib ugu celin doonin, sida ay sheegeen mas'uuliyiinta Mareykanka.

Ballanqaadkii madaxweyne Donald Trump ee ahaa in la tarxiilo muhaajiriinta ayaa taageero kasbaday intii uu ololaha ku jiray sannadkii hore. Balse khubarada xuquuqda aadanaha u dooda ee Qaramada Midoobay iyo hay'adaha u dooda xuquuqul insaanka ayaa ka dardaar werinaya sida wax u dhaceen, waxayna ku doodayaan in tarxiilka lagu hayo dalal aan ahayn dalalka ay ka soo jeedaan muhaajiriinta ee loo yaqaanno dalalka saddexaad ay ku xad-gudbi karaan shuruucda caalamiga ah.

In dadka loo tarxiilo dal seddexaad ma sharci baa?

Dal seddexaad oo qofka loo tarxiilo wuxuu noqon sharci ahaan arrin macquul ah, balse shuruud ayaa ku xiran.

"Dhammaan fikradda ka saaritaanka dalka iyo u wareejinta waddan saddexaad waa in laga arkaa fikradda guud ee magangelo doonka" ayuu yiri Prof Ray Brescia, oo ka socda kulliyadda Sharciga ee Albany ee Maraykanka.

"Waxaa jira mabda'a sharciga caalamiga ah, 'dib u celin la'aanta, taas oo macnaheedu yahay inaadan qof ku celinin waddankiisa haddii uusan ammaan ahayn, markaa waddan saddexaad ayaa soo bandhigi kara beddelka badbaadada" ayuu yiri.

Mabda'ani ma khuseeyo oo keliya waddanka muhaajiriinta ay ka soo jeedaan, laakiin sidoo kale waddan kasta oo saddexaad oo loo diri karo ayuu khuseeyaa.

Haddii wadanku aanu nabad ahayn, ka saaritaanka wuxuu jabin karaa sharciga caalamiga ah, sidii markii maxkamada sare ee UK ay hor istaagtay qorshihii ay dawladda UK ku doonaysay in magangalyo doonka loogu diro Rwanda sanadka 2023-ka.

Muhaajiriinta waa in ay helaan fursad ay uga hortagaan masaafurinta haddii ay halis ku jiraan, iyadoo lagu saleynayo caddeymaha laga helay ilo lagu kalsoonaan karo sida warbixinnada Qaramada Midoobay ama natiijooyinka Waaxda Arrimaha Dibadda Mareykanka. Maxkamadaha waxaa laga filayaa inay si taxadar leh u qiimeeyaan khatartan.

"Maxkamaddu waa inay baartaa nooca sharciga ah ee muhaajiriinta ay heli doonaan, haddii la xiro, iyo nooca hoyga la siiyo," ayay tiri Dr. Alice Edwards, khabiirka Qaramada Midoobay ee jirdilka iyo ciqaabta naxariis darrada ah ee bini'aadantinimada ka baxsan.

Laakin dad badan oo muhaajiriin ah ayaa la daalaa dhacaya sidii ay gargaar sharci u heli lahaayeen waqti ku habboon.

"Waxay u baahan tahay dadaal badan iyo in la helo qareen si degdeg ah wax uga qaban kara" ayuu yiri Prof Brescia. "Dariiqaas sharciga ah waxaa laga yaabaa inuusan qof walba heli karin."

Ma sharci baa lagu xadgudbayaa haddii qofka loo taxiilo Eswatini iyo Suudaanta koofureed

"Xaqiiqdii waa xadgudub laba arrimood dartood," ayuu yiri Prof David Super, oo ka tirsan Xarunta Sharciga ee Jaamacadda Georgetown.

"Ma jirto wax caddaynaya in Maraykanku uu dadka siinayo fursad ay kaga hortagaan masaafurinta, loomana ogola inay dadka u diraan dalal ay la kulmi karaan cadaadis".

Waxaa jira su'aalo dhab ah oo ku saabsan "South Sudan iyo Eswatini oo ku saabsan diiwaankooda xuquuqda aadanaha," ayuu u sheegay BBC.

Markii ugu horeysay ee muhaajiriinta ay ku sii jeedeen Koonfurta Suudaan bishii May, waxaa dacwad sharci ah laga gudbiyay maxkamad ku taal Mareykanka ka dib markii diyaarada ay u diyaar garowday inay duusho.

Garsooraha ayaa sheegay in isku dayga lagu masaafurinayo dadka ay jebisay amarkiisa ahaa in muhaajiriinta loo ogolaado in ay iska difaacaan in loo dhoofiyo dalal saddexaad.

Diyaaradda ayaa dib loogu celiyay dalka Jabuuti oo ku taalla xeebta Bariga Afrika, iyadoo la sheegay in raggan lagu xiray konteenar yaalla saldhig ay leeyihiin ciidamada Mareykanka, iyadoo dacwadda la dhageysanayay.

Kiiska ayaa loo gudbiyay maxkamada sare, taasoo ogolaatay in wareejinta la sii wado, balse ma caddeyn in Koonfurta Sudan loo arko meel nabdoon oo loogu talagalay muhaajiriinta.

"Waxa aan ku aragnay kiisas la mid ah kuwan ayaa ah in dadka inta badan loo diido kaalmada sharciga marka ay u baahan yihiin, kiisaskana goor dambe ayuu billowdaa" ayuu yiri Dr Edwards.

"Xaaladdan marka la eego, waxay mar horeba ku sii jeedeen saldhig milatari oo Maraykanku leeyahay, taasina waa dhibaato weyn."

Waxa uu intaa ku daray in maxkamaduhu ay tahay inay ka fogaadaan siyaasadda, gaar ahaan marka xuquuqaha aasaasiga ah ay halis ku jiraan.

Eswatini iyo Suudaanta koofureed ma yihiin kuwo nabdoon

Marka laga soo tago in loo diiday nidaamka sharciga ah, muhaajiriinta ayaa loo diraa waddamo laga yaabo in aysan nabad ahayn, taasoo xadgudub ku ah shuruucda caalamiga ah.

Wasaaradda arrimaha dibadda ee Mareykanka ayaa hadda ku talisay in aan loo safrin Koonfurta Suudaan oo dhan, iyadoo soo xiganeysa hanjabaado ay ka mid yihiin dambiyo, colaado hubeysan iyo afduub.

Horraantii sanadkan, dalkan oo ka mid ah kuwa ugu saboolsan caalamka ayaa la sheegay in uu qarka u saaran yahay in uu dib ugu laabto dagaal sokeeye.

"Waxaa jira walaac dhab ah oo ku saabsan sharciga iyo nidaamka Koonfurta Suudaan, oo ku saabsan rabshadaha, xasilloonida, iyo colaadaha socda," ayuu yiri Dr. Edwards.

Dadka laga soo eryay Koonfurta Suudaan ayaa lagu soo waramayaa in lagu hayo xabsi ku yaalla magaalada caasimadda ah ee Juba, kaas oo lagu yaqaanno xaalado adag, sida uu sheegay Agel Rich Machar oo u dhaqdhaqaaqa arrimaha siyaasadda.

Dowladdu ma aysan xaqiijin halka ay ku sugan yihiin iyo inta ay xirnaan doonaan.

Eswatini, oo ah boqortooyo yar oo ku taal koonfurta Afrika, ayey saraakiishu sheegeen in muhaajiriinta ay ku sugan yihiin xarun lagu baxnaaniyo, waxaana dib loogu celin doonaa dalkooda iyadoo gacan ka heleysa hay'adda socdaalka adduunka ee IOM.

Waaxda arrimaha dibadda ee Mareykanka ayaa sheegtay in xabsiyada Eswatini ay ka cabanayaan ciriiri, hawo xumo, iyo nafaqo darro iyo daryeel caafimaad oo ku filan.

"Uma maleynayno inay sii jiri doonaan waqti ku filan oo ay ku dhex milmi karaan bulshada," ayuu afhayeenka xukuumadda Eswatini, Thabile Mdluli u sheegay BBC, isagoo aan bixin wax calaamad ah inta ay dalka ku sugnaan doonaan, ama inay marka hore dhameysan doonaan inta ka harsan xabsiyada.

Dowladda Mareykanka ayaa sheegtay in dadka loo diray Eswatini ay geysteen dambiyo "arxan darro ah" oo ay ka mid yihiin kufsi caruur, dil iyo xadgudub galmo. Waxaa sii xoogeysanaya khilaafka ka taagan Eswatini.

Xisbiga mucaaradka ah ee ugu weyn dalkaas, People's United Democratic Movement (Pudemo), ayaa sheegay in heshiiska labada dal uu ahaa "ka ganacsiga dadka oo loo ekeysiiyay qorshe masaafurinta ah".

Lucky Lukhelle oo u ololeeya dimuqraadiyada ayaa sheegay in dalku aanu noqon "goob lagu tuuro dambiilayaasha".

Xitaa haddii sharciga caalamiga ah lagu xadgudbo, Prof Super wuxuu leeyahay Mareykanka waxaa laga yaabaa inuu la kulmo cawaaqib, maadaama uusan aqoonsaneyn maxkamado caalami ah oo badan.

"Tani waxay u muuqataa inay ku saabsan tahay ka-hortag, dirista farriin ah in haddii aad timaaddo Maraykanka si xun loola dhaqmi doono," ayuu yiri.

Iyadoo aan loo eegin sharcinimada, masaafurinta waddan saddexaad waxay inta badan dhigtaa dadka nugul deegaanno aan la aqoon oo taageerada sharcigu yar tahay" ayuu yidhi Dr Edwards.

Wuxuu carrabka ku adkeeyay in bulshada xuquuqul insaanka aysan mamnuucin fal kasta oo masaafurin ah, marka laga reebo marka ay dadku la kulmaan xadgudubyo ka dhan ah xuquuqda aadanaha.

Maxaa ka jira dalka marti galiyaha ah?

Faahfaahinta heshiisyada wareejinta ayaa ah kuwo sir ah. Ms Mdluli ayaa BBC u sheegtay in sababaha Eswatini u aqbashay dadka la tarxiilay ay yihiin "xog sir ah ilaa hadda".

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, labada dawladood ee Eswatini iyo Suudaanta Koofureed ayaa dhiirigelin muhiim ah ku tilmaamay xidhiidhka adag ee ay la leeyihiin Maraykanka.

Prof Brescia ayaa sheegay in wadamada qaar laga yaabo inay ka baqaan aargoosiga Maraykanka haddii ay diidaan, sida sharciyada fiisaha oo la adkeeyo ama tariifada oo sare loo qaado.

Bishii Abriil, Mareykanka ayaa sheegay inuu la laaban doono dhammaan fiisaha la siiyay muwaadiniinta Suudaanta Koofureed ka dib markii ay diideen inay aqbalaan muwaadin la tarxiilay.

Ma cadda in taasi ay hadda is bedeshay iyo in kale, maadaama ay hadda aqbashay dadka laga soo tarxiilay Mareykanka.

Machar oo u ololeeya arrimaha siyaasadda ayaa sheegay in Koonfurta Suudaan ay sidoo kale aqbashay heshiiskan maadaama ay doonayso in Maraykanku uu cunaqabataynta ka qaado madaxweyne ku xigeenka Benjamin Bol Mel.

Dowladda Mareykanka ayaa cunaqabateyn ku soo rogtay Bol Mel sanadkii 2021-kii, sababo la xiriira eedeymo musuqmaasuq, waxayna dib u soo rogtay sanadkan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wadamada kale, sida Nigeria, ayaa diiday.

"Waxaan na haysta dhibaatooyin nagu filan oo nafteena ah," ayuu yiri wasiirka arrimaha dibadda Nigeria Yusuf Tuggar bishii Luulyo, isagoo diiday codsi ah in dib loo soo celiyo maxaabiista Venezuela.

Dr. Edwards wuxuu xusay in heshiisyadan oo kale ay inta badan la yimaadaan dhiirigelin.

"Barnaamijyadii hore ee dib u dejinta ee waddan saddexaad, lacag aad u badan, oo ay weheliso iskaashiga milatari iyo mid amni ayaa qayb ka ahaa heshiiska" ayuu yiri.

Bishii Maarso, warbixinnada ayaa sheegay in maamulka Trump uu El Salvador siin doono $6m (£4.5m) si uu u aqbalo dadka laga soo tarxiilay Venezuela.