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The Lessons of History: Interviews
 Listen to programme 2
Read the transcript of programme 2
Below are unedited versions of the interviews used in the programme.
 Sir Brian Urquhart was involved in the setting up of the United Nations in 1945 and became personal assistant to Trygve Lie, the first Secretary-General. He worked for the UN for more than forty years , eventually as Under-Secretary General for Special Political Affairs. He retired from the United Nations Secretariat in 1986 but continues to write and influence thinking in the UN system.
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 Dr Jeane Kirkpatrick was appointed US permanent representative to the United Nations by President Ronald Reagan in January 1981, the first woman to serve as UN ambassador (1981-1985). He called her 'a giant among diplomats of the world'. Dr Kirkpatrick also served as a member of President Reagan's Cabinet and as a member of the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board from 1985 to 1990, the Defense Policy Review Board from 1985 to 1993 and she chaired the Secretary of Defense Commission on Fail Safe and Risk Reduction from 1991 to 1992. Before her appointment to the UN she was a professor at Georgetown University in Washington DC.
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 James Addison Baker has served three American Presidents, first in 1975 under Gerald Ford as Under Secretary of Commerce, then in Ronald Reagan's administration as Chief of Staff from 1981-1985 and Secretary of the Treasury 1985-1988. He was Secretary of State under George Bush Senior during the first Gulf War and served for three and a half years. He is an advisor to the current US administration.
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 Boutros Boutros Ghali was Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1992 to December 1996. He had served as Egypt's Minister of State for Foreign Affairs from 1977 until early 1991. The he took the post of Deputy Prime Minister for Foreign Affairs for several months until he moved to the UN. He is now chairman of the South Centre, a grouping of forty six developing countries that champions South-South co-operation.
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 Madeleine Albright was the first woman to hold the post of US Secretary of State and the highest ranking woman to serve in the American government. She was nominated by President Clinton in 1996, having previously served as US delegate to the United Nations between 1993-1996.
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