Me ya haddasa rikici tsakanin China da Taiwan?

Fargaba na ci gaba da karuwa a Taiwan bayan ziyarar da shugabar majalisar dokokin Amurka Nancy Pekosi ta kai tsibirin – ziyararta ta kara janyo tsamin dangantaka tsakanin Washington da Beijing.

Gwamnatin China dai na ganin tsibirin na Taiwan a matsayin mallakinta, da kuma za ta yi iko da shi.

Sai dai ‘yan Taiwan da dama na ganin tsibirin nasu a matsayin kasa mai cin gashin kai – ko da yake a bayyana shi a matsayin mai cin gashin kansa.

Yaya tarihin dangantaka tsakanin China da Taiwan ta faro?

Mutane da suka fara zama a Taiwan sun fito ne daga kabilar Austronesian daga Asia, wadanda ake kyautata zaton sun zo daga kudancin China.

China ta fara sanin tsibirin ne a lokacin shekarar AD239, lokacin da wani basarake ya aike da dakaru na musamman don zuwa su kalli yankin – wani abu da Beijing ta rike a matsayin hujjar cewa mallakinta ne.

Bayan wani dan lokaci da kuma mulkin mallaka da Netherland ta yi wa Taiwan a shekarun (1624-1661), lokacin ne kuma masarautar ta China ta san da zaman tsibirin a shekarar 1683 zuwa 1895.

Daga karni na 17, ‘yan cirani da dama suka fara zuwa tsibirin daga China, wadanda suka tsere saboda tsadar rayuwa.

Yawancin su sun taho ne daga lardin Fujian ko kuma Hakka, wadanda suka fi yawa a Guangdong. Zuriyarsu ita ce mafi girma a tsibirin kawo yanzu.

A shekarar 1895, Japan ta sami nasara a yakin Sino na farko, inda masarautar ta bar wa Japan din Taiwan.

Bayan yakin duniya na ii, Japan ta mika wuya da kuma sake yankunan China da ta karbe iko tun farko.

Jamhuriyar China – daya daga cikin wadanda suka samu nasara a yaki – lokacin ne ta fara iko da Taiwan da amincewar kawayenta, Amurka da Burtaniya.

Sai dai bayan wasu ‘yan shekaru, yakin basasa ta barke a China, inda dakarun tsohuwar tarayyar sobiyet ta samu nasara kan dakarun shugaban kasar a wancan lokacin, Chiang Kai-shek.

Shugaban, Chiang, da magoya bayansa kusan miliyan 1.5 sun tsere zuwa Taiwan a shekara ta 1949.

Kungiyar, wadanda aka fi sani da ‘yan China, sun mamaye siyasar Taiwan na tsawon shekaru da dama duk da cewa yawansu bai fi kasha 14 ba.

Chiang ya kafa gwamnati a lokacin da yake mafaka a Taiwan wanda kuma ya jagoranta na tsawon shekara 25.

Dan Chiang, Chiang-kuo, ya bayar da damar dabbaka tsarin dimokuradiyya lokacin da ya zo kan mulki.

Ya fuskanci turjiya daga mutane da basa son salon mulkin, inda ya gamu da matsin lamba daga wata gwagwarmaya ta dimokuradiyya da ke kara karfi.

Shugaba Lee Teng-hui, wanda aka fi sani da ‘baban dimokuradiyya’ na Taiwan, ya jagoranci kawo sauye-sauye ga kundin tsarin mulki, wanda kuma ya ba da damar gudanar da zaben farko a tsibirin da ya kawo shugaba Chen Shui-bian, a shekara ta 2000.

Waye ke da iko da Taiwan?

Akwai sabani da ake samu kan hakikanin matsayin Taiwan. Tsibirin na da kundin tsarin mulki da shugabanni da aka zaba da kuma dakarun soji sama da 300,000.

Da farko, gwamnatin Chiang da ke zaman mafaka, ta yi ikirarin wakiltar daukacin China, wanda take son ta sake mamayewa.

Ta rike kujerar China a cikin kwamitin tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, sannan kasashen yamma da dama sun amince da cewa ita ce kadai gwamnatin China halastacciya.

Amma a shekarun 1970, wasu kasashe sun kalubalanci cewa ba za a ci gaba da amincewa gwamnatin Taipei ba a matsayin mai wakiltar daruruwan miliyoyin al’ummar China da ke rayuwa a jamhuriyar China.

Sannan a shekarar 1971, MDD ta sauya diflomasiyyar Beijing da gwamnatin ROC. A 1978, China ta fara bude tattalin arzikinta.

Amincewa da China a bangaren kasuwanci da kuma bukatar inganta dangantaka, Amurka ta fara huldar diflomasiyya da Beijing a shekarar 1979.

Tun bayan nan, yawan kasashe da suka san da gwamnatin ROC a bangaren diflomasiyya ya ragu matuka zuwa kasashe 15.

A yanzu, duk da cewa Taiwan na da dukkan abubuwa da ake bukata na zama kasa mai cin gashin kanta da kuma ke da tsarin siyasa daban da ta China, har yanzu, matsayin da aka san tsibirin bai fito fili ba.

Ya dangantaka take tsakanin Taiwan da China?

Huldar dangantaka ta fara kyautata tsakanin Taiwan da China a shekarun 1980, lokacin da soke dokokin hana zuwa China don zuba jari .

A shekarar 1991, ta ayyana cewa yakin da take yi da China ya kawo karshe.

A lokacin ne China ta bijiro da batun ‘kasa Daya, tsari biyu’’, wanda ta ce zai bai wa Taiwan damar cin gashin kanta idan ta amince Beijing ta yi iko da ita.

Tsarin ya sanya dawowar Hong Kong zuwa China a shekara ta 1997 da kuma yadda ta yi mulki har zuwa baya-bayan nan da Beijing ta nemi bukatar kara ikon ta.

Sai dai Taiwan ta ki amincewa da bukatar, inda Beijing ta hakikance cewa gwamnatin Taiwan haramtacciya ce – amma wakilai da ba daga hukumomi ba na China da Taiwan na zama don yin tattaunawa .

A shekara ta 2000, Taiwan ta zabi Chen Shui-bian matsayin shugaban kasa, inda mista Chen da jam’iyyarsa ta Democratin Progressive Party (DPP), ta fito fili ta nuna goyon baya ga cin gashin kan kasar, ba tare da sanin Beijing ba.

Shekara daya bayan nan, an sake zabar mista Chen a 2004, inda China ta amince da dokar hana ballewa, da ta bai wa China damar amfani da wasu dabaru kan Taiwan idan ta yi kokarin ballewa daga China.

Ma Ying-jeou na jam’iyyar KMT ya gaji mista Chen a shekara ta 2008, inda ya yi kokarin farfado da dangantaka tsakanin kasashen biyu ta hanyar cimma yarjejeniyoyi na tattalin arziki.

Shekaru takwas baya, a 2016, aka zabi shugaban Taiwan mai ci, Tsai Ing-wen, wanda yanzu ke jagorantar jam’iyyar nan mai rajin cin gashin kai ta DPP.

Kalaman sun kara kaimi a shekara ta 2018, lokacin da Beijing ke kara matsa lamba kan kamfanonin kasashen waje – idan suka gaza sanya sunan Taiwan a matsayin wani bangare na China a shafukansu na yanar gizo.

Ta kuma yi barazanar hana su yin kasuwanci a kasar.

Ms Tsai ta samu nasara a karo na biyu bayan samun kuri’u miliyan 8.2 a cikin abu kuma da ake ganin bijirewa Beijing.

A lokacin, Hong-Kong ta gamu da tashin hankali na tsawon watanni, tare da manyan masu zanga-zangar adawa da tasirin yankin – kuma da yawa a Taiwan sun zuba ido suna kallo.

A cikin wannan shekarar, China ta aiwatar da dokar tsaro ta kasa a Hong Kong wanda ya kara nuna ikon Beijing.

Ya batun Gashin kai ke a Taiwan?

Yayin da ci gabar siyasa ke tafiyar hawainiya, dangantaka tsakanin Beijing da Taipei da tattalin arzikin kasashen biyu ya bunkasa.

Tsakanin shekarar 1991 zuwa watan Mayun 2021, jarin da Taiwan ta zuba a China ya kai dala biliyan 193.5, kamar yadda alkaluman hukumomin Taiwan suka nuna.

Wasu mutanen Taiwan sun damu ganin cewa tattalin arzikinsu a yanzu ya dogara kan China.

Wasu kuma na ganin cewa alakar kasuwanci ta kut-da-kut ya sanya Chinan ba ta dauki matakin soji mai karfi ba, saboda tsadar tattalin arzikin China.

Wata yarjejeniyar cinikayya mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce ta haifar da tabarbarewar al’amura a 2014, inda dalibai da masu fafutuka suka mamaye majalisar dokokin Taiwan da kuma nuna adawa kan abin da suka kira karuwar tasirin da China ke da shi kan Taiwan.

A hukumance, jam’iyya mai mulki ta DPP ta nuna goyon baya kan cin gashin kan Taiwan, yayin da jam’iyyar KMT ke goyon bayan hadewa da kasar China.

Amma yawancin mutanen Taiwan da alama na nuna sabani a tsakani.

 A watan Yunin, 2022, wani bincike ya gano cewa kashi 5.2 na ‘yan Taiwan kadai ke goyon bayan ‘yancin cin gashin kai, yayin da kashi 1.3 kuma ke goyon bayan hadewa da babban yankin kasar China.

Sauran mutane sun goyi bayan daidaita al’amura, inda babbar kungiyar ke son ci gada da iko da kanta ba tare da wani yunkuri na cin gashin kai ba ko kuma hadin kai.

Mene ne Amurka take so a rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin China da Taiwan?

Daya daga cikin dadaddiyar manufar Washington ita ce shiga Tsakani har ma da taimakon soji muddin China ta ce za ta mamaye Taiwan.

A hukumance dai, ta tsaya kan manufar China ta tsarin ‘kasa-daya’, wacce kuma ta amince da gwamnatin China guda daya – a Beijing – kuma tana da alaka ta kut-da-kut da Beijing maimakin Taipei.

Amma kuma ta yi alkawarin bai wa Taiwan makaman kariya tare da jaddada cewa duk wani hari da China za ta kai zai haifar da ‘babbar matsala’ .

A watan Mayun 2022, shugaba Joe Biden ya mayar da martani da gaske lokacin da aka tambaye shi ko Amurka za ta kare Taiwan ta hanyar taimakon soji.

Jim kadan bayan nan, fadar white ta yi saurin fayyace cewa matsayin Amurka kan Taiwan bai canja ba da kuma kara nanata kudurinta na yin amfani matsayar China ta tsarin ‘kasa-daya’.

Batun Taiwan ya kara tsananta tsamin dangantaka tsakanin Amurka da China. Beijing ta yi Alla-wadai da duk wani yunkuri na goyon baya da Washington ke yi wa Taipei – ta kuma mayar da martani ta hanyar fara aike da jiragen soji na yaki zuwa sararin samaniyar Taiwan tun bayan zaben mista Biden a matsayin shugaban Amurka.