Abin da ya sa jam'iyyu masu mulki a Afirka ke shan wahala a zaɓe

Jam'iyya mai mulki a ƙasar Namibia ta Swapo ta sake lashe zaɓe bayan sama da shekara 30 tana mulkin ƙasar, sai dai wannan karon da ƙyar ta sha - inda ta shiga cikin sahun ƙasashen da jam'iyyun adawa suka ba jam'iyya mai mulki wahala a zaɓe.

Kamar yadda sakamakon zaɓen ya nuna, Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah, ƴantakarar jam'iyyar Swapo, ta lashe zaɓen da kashi 57% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa, inda ta zama mace ta farko da ta zama shugabar ƙasa.

Jam'iyyun adawa sun ƙi amincewa da sakamakon zaɓen, inda suka ce akwai abubuwa da ba su gamsu da su ba a zaɓen.

Wani abun da ake mamaki shi ne yadda jam'iyyar ta samu ƙuri'a mai yawa a zaɓen, alhali ta samu matsala a zaɓukan majalisa, inda ta rasa kujera 12 cikin 63 da take da su a baya.

Ba jam'iyyar Swapo kaɗai ce ta sha wannan wahalar a hannun jam'iyyun adawa.

A bana, jam'iyyu masu mulki sun sha wahala a yankunan Afirka.

A kusan duk zaɓukan da aka yi a nahiyar, ko dai jam'iyya mai mulki ta sha kaye, ko kuma ta sha da ƙyar, amma ta rasa kujerun majalisa.

Ana samun wannan sauyin ne saboda wasu dalilai da suka haɗa da:

Kuma ana tunanin za a ci gaba da hakan a shekarar 2025.

Wani abu da ke jan hankalin mutane shi ne irin yadda sakamakon zaɓukan suke zuwa da ba-zata.

Jam'iyyar Botswana Democratic Party (BDP) wadda ta mulka ƙasar tun bayan samun ƴancin kai a shekarar 1966, ta sha kaye a watan Oktoban da ya gabata.

Bayan shan kaye a babban zaɓen, BDP, ta rasa kujeru da dama a majalisar, duk a da tana da kujera 38 ne a majalisar mai mambobi 69.

Bayan lashe kujera huɗu kacal a wannan zaɓen, yanzu jam'iyyar na cikin ƙananan jam'iyyu a majalisar ƙasar, kuma ana ganin zai yi wahalar gaske ta sake shiga cikin jam'iyyu masu ƙarfi a ƙasar.

Haka kuma a ƙasar Mauritus, a watan Nuwamba an kayar da jam'iyya mai mulki, inda jam'iyyar Alliance Lepep coalition, ƙarƙashin Pravind Jagnauth, ta samu kashi 27 na ƙuri'u, sannan ta samu kujera biyu kawai a majalisar ƙasar.

Jam'iyyar adawa ta Alliance du Changement ce ta lashe kujera 60 cikin 66 a majalisar.

Haka ma Senegal da Somaliland wadda ta sanar da samun ƴancin kanta duk an samu canjin gwamnati.

A Senegal, sauyin da aka samu yana kamanceceniya da Botswana.

Kimanin mako ɗaya kafin zaɓen, manyan jagororin jam'iyyun adawan ƙasar, Bassirou Diomaye Faye da Ousmane Sonko suna kulle ne a gidan yari.

Bayan matsin lamba daga ƙasashen duniya, sai aka sako su, sannan Faye ya lashe zaɓen shugaban ƙasar tun a zagaye na farko, inda ɗantakarar gwamnatin ya samu kashi 36 kacal na ƙuri'a.

Ko da kuwa jam'iyyu masu mulki ba su sha kaye ba, ana kassara su a lokuta da dama.

Kamar Swapo, jam'iyyar National Congress ta Afirka ta Kudu ta samu nasara, amma da ƙyar.

Shi ya sa shugaban ƙasar Cyril Ramaphosa ya shiga haɗakar siyasa da wasu jam'iyyu, inda ya ware musu kujerun minista guda 12, ciki har da ma'aikatar harkokin cikin gida mai muhimmanci.

Nahiyar wadda ta yi fice wajen samun gwamnatoci da suke dirshan a mulki na gomman shekaru, yanzu an fara girgiza su a cikin wata 12.

Akwai abubuwa guda uku da ake tunanin sun jawo wannan guguwar.

A Botswana da Mauritus da Senegal, yadda mutane suke ƙorafi kan taɓarɓarewar tattalin arziki da kama-karya ya taimaka wajen ɓata gwamnati.

Sai su kuma jagororin hamayya suke amfani da damar wajen tallata kansu ga masu zaɓe.

Musamman a Mauritus da Senegal, jam'iyyu masu mulki sun ɓata rawarsu da tsalle wajen kare haƙƙin ƴanƙasa - lamarin da ya ɓata gwamnatocin a wajen ƴanƙasar.

Haka yadda mutane da dama a ƙasar suka sha fama da taɓarɓarewar tattalin arziki ya shafe su, ya taimaka wajen ƙara fahimtar lamarin.

Tsadar kayayyakin abinci da tsadar man fetur ya jefa miliyoyin ƴanƙasar cikin ƙunci da damuwa.

Wannan sauyin ba a ƙasashen Afirka ya tsaya ba, ya kai har wasu ƙasashen duniya.

Tsadar rayuwa ya taka rawa wajen kayar da Rishi Sunak da jam'iyyarsa ta Conservative a zaɓen Burtaniya, haka ma nasarar Donald Trump da jam'iyyar Republican a Amurka na da alaƙa da yanayin taɓarɓarewar tattalin arziki.

Wani abu da ya ƙara fitowa fili shi ne yadda alamu suka nuna jam'iyyun hamayya sun fara koyon darasi.

A wasu wuraren, kamar Mauritus, jam'iyyun sun fara wasu hanyoyi na kare ƙuri'unsu da kyau.

Wasu kuma sun koma haɗaka domin fuskantar jam'iyya mai mulki da ƙarfinsu.

A Botswana, jam'iyyun hamayya guda uku ne suka haɗu da wani ɗantakara mai zaman kansa, suka fitar da ɗantakara ɗaya a jam'iyyar Umbrella for Democratic Change.

Haka aka yi a Ghana a yanzu, wanda ake tunanin zai ba jam'iyya mai mulki a Ghana ta New Patriotic Party (NPP) a zaben ranar Asabar, da ma ƙasar Malawi, inda shugaban ƙasa Lazarus Chakwera yake fuskantar ƙalubale mai girma.

Ƙungiyoyin sa kai da jam'iyyun hamayya da ƴanƙasa sun ƙara ƙaimi wajen neman haƙƙinsu da neman adalci, da kuma yin duk mai yiwuwa wajen kayar da gwamnatin da ta gaza wajen inganta tattalin arziki da siyasar ƙasashensu.

Nic Cheeseman shi ne darakta na cibiyar siyasa da zaɓe da wakilci ta Centre for Elections, Democracy, Accountability and Representation a Jami'ar Birmingham da ke Burtaniya