Waɗanne ƙasashe ne suka fi aiwatar da hukuncin kisa a duniya a 2024?

Ƙungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Amnesty International ta ce adadin mutanen da aka yanke wa hukuncin kisa a shekarar 2024 ya ƙaru sosai.

A cewar wani sabon rahoton kungiyar a game da hukuncin kisan da aka yanke a 2024, an zartar da irin hukuncin har sau 1,518, wato an samu ƙarin kashi 32 cikin 100 a kan na shekarar 2023, duk da ƴar raguwar da aka samu a kasashen da ke yanke irin wannan hukunci na kisa.

Ƙididdigar Amnesty ta nuna cewa adadin mutanen da aka zartarwar wa hukuncin kisa a bara shi ne mafi yawa tun daga shekarar 2015, yayin da aka samu raguwa kuma a kasashen da ke yanke wannan hukuncin.

Kasar da aka yi amanna na zartarwa da yawancin mutane irin wannan hukunci na kisa a duniya ita ce China, to amma babu ainihin adadin mutanen da ta yanke wa hukuncin.

Wannan kuwa na da nasaba da rashin samun ainihin kididdiga a hukumance daga Chinan saboda ƙasar na gudanar da abubuwanta ne cikin sirri in ji Amnesty.

Kasashen Vietnam da kuma Koriya ta Arewa su ne kasashe biyu da ake ganin suna amfani da hukuncin kisa sosai, to amma ba sa bayyana adadin wadanda ake zartar wa hukuncin.

Ƙasashen da suka yi fice wajen hukuncin kisa

Iran ce ta yi fice wajen zartar da hukuncin kisa a duniya.

Shugabar ƙungiyar ta Amnesty, Agnes Callamard, ta ce "Iran da Iraqi da kuma Saudiyya su ne suka fi yanke hukuncin kisa a bara, wato 2024 inda suke da kashi 91 cikin 100 wannan kuma abu ne da ya take hakkin bil'adama saboda kasashen sun fi yanke wa mutanen da aka samu na ta'ammali da kwayoyi da kuma 'yan ta'adda irin wannan hukunci."

A 2024, wani rahoto ya gano cewa an yanke hukuncin kisa akalla 072 ciki har da mata 30 a Iran, yayin da a 2023 kuma mutum 853 kawai aka yanke wa hukuncin.

Masu fafutuka a Iran sun ta'allaka karuwar yanke hukuncin kisa da rikicin siyasa na cikin gida.

Shugabar wata kungiyar kare hakkin ɗan'adam mai suna Aborrahman Boroumand, Roya Boroumand, ta ce " Mun ga karuwa yanke hukunci irin wannan bayan babbar zanga zangar da aka yi a kasar wato Iran."

Shugabar ta ce, a 2022 an zartar da hukuncin kisa mata 12 sannan 25 a 2023. Yawancin su an yanke musu hukuncin ne sakamakon samun su da ayyukan da suka shafi ta'ammali da kwayoyi.

Ta ce "An yanke wa mata masu fafutuka hukuncin kisa abin da ake gani barazana ce.

Saudiyya ita kasa ta biyu inda ta zartar da hukuncin kisa har 345 sai kuma Iraqi mai 63.

Amnesty ta ce Iran da Somaliya sun zartar da hukuncin kisa a kan matasa guda huɗu ƴan ƙasa da shekara 18.

Iran da Afghanistan su ne kasashen da suka aiwatar da hukuncin a bainar jama'a a 2024.

Dubban hukuncin kisan da aka zartar

Amnesty ta ce, kididdigar da ta samu a 2024 na irin wannnan hukuncin ba su hada da dubban wadanda aka yi ba a China.

Chiara Sangiorgio, kwararre ne a kungiyar ta Amnesty akan hukuncin kisa ya shaida wa BBC cewa, "Alkaluma kan zartar da hukuncin kisa bayanai ne na sirrin gwamnati, amma bayanan da muka tattara sun nuna cewa abin ya yi muni."

Amnesty ta yi amanna cewa China na zartar da hukuncin ne akan laifukan da suka shafi cin hanci da kuma safarar miyagun kwayoyi abin da ya sabawa hukunce hukuncen Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, saboda Majalisar ta ce ya kamata a rinka zartar da hukuncin kisa ga muggan laifuka ba kowanne laifi ba.

China na da tarihin amfani da hukuncin kisa. A shekarar 1983 ta fara aiwatar da shi inda ta bullo da manudodi musamman a kan laifukan da suka shafi ayyukan ƴan daba. Rahotanni sun ce wasu laifukan ma ba su taka kara sun karya ba kamar laifin satar dabbobi ko abin hawa, amma sai ka ji an yanke hukunci a kansa.

Ana harin musamman masu ta'ammali da miyagun kwayoyi. Amnesty ta rawaito cewa an kebe ranar 26 ga watan Yuni a matsayin ranar yaki da miyagun kwayoyi domin tunawa da mutum 230 da aka kashe a birane daban-daban.

Ko hukuncin kisa na raguwa?

Farfesa Michelle Miao, ta jami'ar Hong Kong, ta yi nazari a kan abubuwa da dama da ke janyo zartar da hukuncin kisa a shekarun baya-bayan nan. Ta shaida wa BBC cewa irin ayyukan da ta yi gami da karin bayani a kansu musamman a China.

Ta ce "Kamar sauran kasashen da ke aiwatar da hukuncin kisa, China ba ta fitar da cikakken bayani a kan wadanda ake yanke wa irin wannan hukuncin. Daga binciken da na yi ya nuna cewa wannan rashin yin abu a bayyane ya samo asali ne daga tsare-tsaren asali da kuma irin girma ko yadda aka dauki batun da ake tattaunawa a kai."

A binciken da ta yi ta yi wa wasu alkalai 'yan kasar China 40 tambayoyi da ma lauyoyi. Daga karshe ta gano cewa rashin jajircewa wajen gurfanar da masu laifi a gaban kotu shi ne babban kalubale.

Ta ce a ka'idar abin da doka ta tanada shi ne ana zartar da hukuncin kisa ne ga laifukan da suka kamata a yanke musu ba wai kowanne laifi ba. To amma a China kowanne alkali ko lauya ka tambaya sai kaji ya baka amsa daban.

Wata kungiyar kare hakkin ɗan'adam ta Amurka mai suna Dui Hua, ta ce adadin mutanen da aka zartar wa da hukuncin kisa a kansu a China ya ragu daga dubu 12 zuwa 2000 a 2018. To amma kungiyar ba ta bayar da karin bayani a kan abin da ya janyo hakan ba.

Farfesa Miao, ta ce" Laifukan da suka shafi kisan kai da ta'ammali da miyagun kwayoyi sune manyan laifuka biyu da suke janyo a yanke wa mutum hukuncin kisa."

Tana nuna fargaba a kan abubuwan da za su iya biyo baya a shekaru masu zuwa, to amma duk da haka tana sa ran za a samu raguwa.

Yawan mutanen da aka yanke wa hukuncin kisa

Kotunan China na fama da shari'u da dama sannan kuma yawan mutanen da ake yanke wa hukuncin na karuwa sosai. A cewar wani rahoto da kungiyar Dui Hua ta wallafa, mutum 631 daga cikin 1,431,585 ne aka samu da laifi a kotunan muggan laifuka a 2022.

A don haka an samu adadin mutanen da aka yankewa hukunci ya kai kashi 99.95 a 2022.