Me ya sa Saudiyya da Qatar suka fi jagorantar sasanci tsakanin ƙasashe?
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- Marubuci, Jeremy Howell
- Sanya sunan wanda ya rubuta labari, BBC World Service
- Lokacin karatu: Minti 6
A ranar Talata, ake sa ran jami'an Amurka da na Ukraine za su yi zama a Saudiyya don tattauna batun tsagaita wuta a yaƙi da Rasha.
An zaɓi ƙasar ce saboda karfin dangantakar da Yarima Mohammed bin Salman yake da ita da shugaba Putin na Rasha da kuma Donald Trump na Amurka.
Gwamnatin Saudiyya ta ce za ta jajirce wajen shiga tsakani ga ɓangarorin da ke faɗa da juna.
Da ma makwafciyar Saudiyya, Qatar, ta zama ja-gaba a duniya wajen ƙoƙarin shiga tsakani don samar da zaman lafiya a tsawon shekara 20 da suka wuce.
Qatar ɗin ce sahun gaba wajen tattauna batun tsagaita wuta da ke aiki a Gaza a halin yanzu tsakanin Isra'ila da Hamas, kuma ta taimaka wajen samar da zaman lafiya sau da dama kafin yanzu.
Shin me ya sa waɗannan makwabta suka zama masu jagorantar samar da zaman lafiya a duniya, kuma hakan ya janyo wani saɓani ne tsakaninsu?
Me ya sa Saudiyya ke son jagorantar yin sasanci?
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Saudiyya ta ɗauki matsayin taka rawa a samar da zaman lafiya bayan amfani da hanyar karfi na tsawon lokaci.
A 2015, ta shiga tsakani a yaƙin basasar Yemen domin taimaka wa gwamnati, inda ta kai hare-hare ta sama da kuma harba makaman atilari kan ƴan tawayen Houthi.
Yanzu za ku iya samun labaran BBC Hausa kai-tsaye a wayoyinku.
Latsa nan domin shiga
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A 2017, gwamnatin Lebanon ta zargi Saudiyya da laifin tsare firaiministan ƙasar, Said al-Hariri, domin ƙoƙarin tilasta shi ya yi murabus.
A 2018, an kashe sanannen ɗan jarida Jamal Khashoggi - wanda ya kasance mai sukar gwamnatin Saudiyya - ta hanyar amfani da jami'an gwamnati a ofishin jakadancin Saudiyya da ke birnin Istanbul.
"Farkon jagorancin Yarima Mohammed bin Salman ya janyo tankiya," a cewar Dr Paul Salem na cibiyar Gabas Ta Tsakiya da ke Washington a Amurka.
"Sai dai, jagorancin ya yanke shawarar cewa zai iya ƙara hazaka ta hanyar shiga tsakani don samar da zaman lafiya maimakon yaɗa rikici," ya faɗa wa BBC.
Saudiyya ta kasance tana shiga tsakani don samar da zaman lafiya domin samar da daidaito a Gabas Ta Tsakiya, a cewar Elizabeth Dent na cibiyar think tank - wadda ta kware a harkokin Gabas Ta Tsakiya da ke Washington.
"Wannan muhimmi ne a cikin tsarin - domin kawo karshen dogaro da fitar da mai, da kuma janyo hankalin masu zuba-jari daga ƙasashen waje don su zo su taimaka wajen gina sabbin ɓangarorin tattalin arziki," kamar yadda ta shaida wa BBC.
Wace nasara Saudiyya ta samu wajen ƙoƙarin yin sasanci?
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Tarihin Saudiyya a matsayin mai shiga tsakani don samar da zaman lafiya a Gabas Ta Tsakiya ya koma can baya tsawon gomman shekaru da suka wuce.
A 1989, ta shiga tsakani a tattaunawa tsakanin ɓangarori da ke faɗa da juna a Lebanon da ya kai ga yarjejeniyar Taif, da kuma tsagaita wuta a 1990. Wannan ya kawo karshen yaƙin basasar ƙasar na tsawon shekara 15.
A 2007, Saudiyya ta shiga tsakani na yarjejeniyar Makkah, wanda ya kawo karshen faɗa tsakanin ƙungiyoyin Falasɗinawa Hamas da Fatah.
A baya-bayan nan, Saudiyya ta sake ɗaukar matsayin mai shiga tsakani a samar da zaman lafiya karkashin ikon Yarima Mohammed bin Salman.
Tun 2022, ta kasance tana tattaunawa da ƴan tawayen Houthi a Yemen domin ƙoƙarin samar da zaman lafiya a can.
Tana kuma shiga tsakani a tattaunawa mai tsawo tsakanin ɓangarori da ke yaƙi da juna a Sudan - sojojin ƙasar da ke mulki da kuma ƴan tawaye da aka fi sani da RSF.
Haka kuma, Saudiyya ta jagoranci tattaunawa tsakanin Rasha da Ukraine a 2022, inda aka yi musayar fursunonin yaƙi sama da 250 tsakaninsu waɗanda aka kama a rikici tsakanin ƙasashen biyu.
Waɗanne yarjejeniyoyin zaman lafiya Qatar ta jagoranta?
Qatar ta kasance babban jigo a tsakanin ƙasashe (tare da Masar da Amurka) waɗanda suka taimaka wajen samun tsagaita wuta tsakanin Isra'ila da Hamas a watan Janairun 2025.
A 2020, Qatar ta jagoranci tattaunawar zaman lafiya tsakanin Taliban da Amurka dmin kawo karshen yaƙi na tsawon shekara 18 a Afghanistan, inda Amurka da ƙawayenta suka janye dakarunsu sannan Taliban ta karɓi iko da ƙasar.
A 2010, ta shiga tsakani a samun zaman lafiya tsakanin gwamnati da kuma ƴan tawayen Houthi a Yemen (wanda ya ruguje daga baya).
Ta kuma jagoranci samar da zaman lafiya a faɗin Afrika.
Ɗaya daga ciki shi ne wanda aka yi a 2022 tsakanin gwamnatin Chadi da kuma dubban ƙungiyoyin adawa.
Haka kuma, ta shiga tattaunawar samar da zaman lafiya a 2010 tsakanin gwamnatin Sudan da kuma ƙungiyoyi masu riƙe da makamai a yammacin lardin Darfur.
A 2008, ta jagoranci samar da yarjejeniya tsakanin ɓangarori da ke gaba da juna a Lebanon, lokacin da faɗa tsakaninsu ya kusa riƙiɗe wa zuwa sabon yaƙin basasa.
Me ya sa Qatar ke son zama mai sasanci?
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Qatar ta fara ƙoƙarin samun rawa da za ta taka a matsayin mai shiga tsakani a samar da zaman lafiya karkashin Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani, wanda ya zama Sarkin ƙasar a 1995 (kuma ya kasance kan mulki har 2013).
Wani babban dalili shi ne Qatar na son kirkiro da wani wurin iskar gas a ƙasashen yankin Gulf a North Dome da South Pars, wanda aka gano a 1990.
Saboda filin ya watsu tsakanin iyakokin ruwan Qatar da Iran, Qatar na son haɗin-kai a wajen Iran domin yin haka - duk da cewa Iran abokiyar gabar Saudiyya ce a lokacin, a cewar Dr HA Hellyer na cibiyar Royal United Services a Landan, da ke Birtaniya.
"Lokacin da Qatar ta gano filin iskar gas ɗin ta, ta fahimci cewa ya kamata ta keɓe wani ɓangare wa kanta," ya faɗa wa BBC.
Ta zaɓi ta taka rawar mai shiga tsakani, in ji shi, saboda "samun kyakkyawar dangantaka da ƙasashe da yawa na ba da damar samun ƙasashe da za su taimaka da kuma ba ka goyon baya".
Zama mai shiga tsakani da Qatar ke yi na cikin kundin mulkin ƙasar da aka fara amfani da shi a 2004.
"Qatar ta zaɓi ta zama mai shiga tsakani na ƙasa da ƙasa kuma ta bayyana kanta a matsayin ƙasar da sauran ƙasashe za su yi amfani da ita," a cewar Dr Salem.
Ta yaya Saudiyya da Qatar suka bambanta a matsayin masu sasanci?
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An sha zaɓen Qatar a matsayin ƙasa mai shiga tsakani a sasanci saboda alaƙar da take da ita da ƙungiyoyi waɗanda Saudiyya ba ta da su.
"Qatar ba ta da kiyayya ga ƙungiyoyin Islama masu jihadi - kamar Muslim Brotherhood da Hamas da kuma Taliban - kamar yadda Saudiyya ke da shi," in ji Dr Salem.
Ya ce alaƙar da Qatar ke da shi da Taliban ya taimaka wajen janyo sasanci tsakaninta da Amurka, kuma alaƙar da ita da Hamas da Isra'ila ta taimaka wajen amincewa da yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta a baya-bayan nan tsakanin ɓangarorin biyu.
"Saudiyya na mu'amala da masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, Qatar kuma ba ta mu'amala da su," a cewar Ms Dent.
Sai dai, Qatarta fusata Saudiyya ta hanyar mara wa ƙungiyoyi irinsu Muslim Brotherhood, waɗanda gwamnatin Saudiyya ke gani a matsayin barazana ga mulkinsu.
"Lokacin juyin-juya hali na ƙasashen Larabawa (a 2010 da 2011), Qatar ta bai ƙungiyoyin adawa goyon baya a wurare kamar Syria da Libya," in ji Ms Dent. "Ta bayyana matsayarta a fili."
Wannan ya janyo "saɓani a yankin Gulf", inda Saudiyya da sauran ƙasashen Gabas Ta Tsakiya suka yanke alaƙa gaba-ɗaya da Qatar.
"Bayan samun saɓanin, Qatar ba ta kasance tana alaƙa da ƙungiyoyi masu tsaurin ra'ayi ba, ba tare da ta duba makwaftan a farko ba," in ji Ms Dent.
"Yanzu ta kasance ɗan ba-ruwana a sasanci."
Kuma Qatar da Saudiyya ba su samu saɓani ba kan zai jagoranci sasanci, a cewar Dr Hellyer.
"Qatar ba ta son yin gasa da Saudiyya a baya-bayan nan, sannan Saudiyya kuma ba ta son shiga lamuran da Qatar ke jagoranta,"
"Abin takaici, akwai rikice-rikice da dama a duniya da dukkan ƙasashen za su yi ƙoƙarin shiga tsakani."
