Yadda jirage marasa matuƙa suka sauya salon yaƙin Sudan

Da alama dakarun RSF sun buɗe sabon babi a yaƙin Sudan bayan da aka fatattake su daga babban birnin ƙasar, a wani mataki da wasu masana ke bayayna wa da ''hare-hare masu firgitarwa''.

Makonni bayan sojoji sun yi murnar ƙwace birnin Khartoum, abokan yaƙinsu, RSF suka ƙaddamar da jerin hare-haren jirage marasa matuƙa nkan birnin Port Sudan da ke gabashin ƙasar.

Hare-haren sun ƙara jefa ƙasar cikin rashin wutar lantarki, a daidai lokacin da mazauna birnin ke fuskantar ƙarancin ruwan sha.

"Wannan shi ne rashin wutar lantarki da ba a taɓa gani ba a yankin,'' in ji Alan Boswell, masani kuma mai bincike kan yake-yake a duniya.

"Ina tunanin hakan ya ƙara tsananta hare-haren ƙungiyar," in ji shi.

Jerin hare-haren da RSF ta kai kan birnin wanda shi ne cibiyar jin ƙai ta ƙasar - na nuna cewa a shirye RSF take ta ci gaba da yaƙin duk da rasa wasu yankuna da ta yi.

Hakan kuma na nuna irin ƙaruwar amfani da fasahar jirage marasa matuƙa a Afirka.

Jirage marasa matuƙa sun ƙara tsananta yaƙin, wanda ke cikin shekararsa ta uku da farawa.

An fara yaƙin ne saboda rikicin iko tsakanin rundunar sojin ƙasar da dakarun RSF, kuma yaƙin ya shigo da wasu ƙungiyoyin masu ɗauke da makamai da masu goyon baya daga ƙetare.

Lamarin da ya jefa ƙasar cikin abin da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kira matsalar jin ƙai ''mafi muni a duniya''.

Jirage marasa matuƙa sun taimaka wa sojojin ƙasar a farkon wannan shekara.

Sannan kuma ita ma RSF ta faɗaɗa amfani da jirajen marasa matuƙa bayan da aka fitar da ita daga tsakiyar Sudan, musamman Khartoum, inda suka koma inda aka fi saninsu a yammcin ƙasar.

A watannin baya-bayan nan mayaƙan RSF sun fara amfani da jirage marasa matuƙa suna kai hare-hare kan wuraren da fararen ke amfana da su da ke ƙarƙashin ikon sojoji, kamar madatsun ruwa da tasoshin samar da lantarki.

Amma ci gaba da hare-harensu a Port Sudan - wanda a baya a ke gani tamkar mafaka da jami'an gwamnati, da jakadun ƙasashen waje da ƙungiyoyin bayar da agaji, ya matuƙar sauya dabarun yaƙin tare da nuna irin ƙarfinsu.

"RSF na ƙoƙarin nuna cewa ba sa buƙatar kama birnin Port Sudan ta ƙasa, domin kama wasu yankunansa," in ji Kholood Khair mai sharhi kan al'amuran siyasar Sudan.

Ƙungiyar na ƙoƙarin maye gurbin wasu yankunan da ta rasa a Khartoum a hannun sojojin ƙasar,'' in ji ta.

"Abin da take faɗa wa sojojin Sudan shi ne: 'Za ku iya ƙwace Khartoum, amma ba za ku iya mulƙarsa ba. Za ku iya ƙwace Port Sudan, amma ba za ku iya mulkarsa ba, saboda za mu iya haddasa muku matsalolin tsaro ta yadda ba za ku iya mulkarsa ba'.

Ta ƙara da cewa suna son nuna wa jama'a cewa ba za a iya kawo ƙarshen yaƙin ba idan ba su so hakan ba.

Kai-tseye ƙungiyar RSF ba ta ɗauki alhakin hare-haren Port Sudan ba.

A maimakon haka, ta sha maimaita cewa sojojin Sudan na samun goyon bayan Iran, tare da zargin sojojin Sudan da kai hari kan wuraren da fafaren hula ke amfana da su da cibiyoyin gwamnati tare da kiran kai hari Khartoum da wasu wuraren da ke hannun RSF a yammaci da kudancin ƙasar.

Ana zargin duka ɓangarorin biyu da aikata laifukan yaƙi, zargin da duka suka musanta, amma RSF kawai ake yi wa zargin yawan fyaɗe da kisan ƙare dangi.

Sauyi a dabarun yaƙin nata sun samu ne sakamakon matsin da take fuskanta a fagen daga, to amma wasu na ganin hakan ya samu ne saboda ci gabana fasaha.

A baya dai RSF kan yi amfani salon ƙunar baƙin wake ko ƙananan jirage marasa matuƙa, da ƙananan jirage masu saukar ungulu da ke ɗauke da bama-bamai waɗanda aka ƙera don afka wa abokan gaba.

Da alama za su yi amfani da wannan dabara a Port Sudan, inda kwamandan yankin Sojin tekun Bahar Maliya Mahjoub Bushra ya bayyana yadda jirage marasa matuƙa 11 suka yi ɓarna a wani sansanin sojin sama a hari na farko da suka kai.

Ya ce sojojin sun kakkaɓo su, amma sai suka zama wata dabara ta kawar da hankali domin kai wani harin da jiragen marasa matuƙa a sansanin.

Ba a san yadda aka ƙere waɗannan jirage ba.

Amma hotunan tauraron ɗan'adam da cibiyar bincike ta Yale da kamfanin dillancin labarai ta Reuters sun nuna samun ci gaban fasaha a filin jirgin sama na kudancin Darfur tun bayan fara yaƙin.

Jeremy Binnie, mai shairhi kan al'amuran Afirka da yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya ya shaida wa BBC cewa hotunan ɓaraguzan jirage marasa matuƙan da suka kai hari Port Sudan a baya-bayan nan sun nuna cewa ba iri guda ba ne da wanda RSF ta saba amfani da su ba.

Sannan ya ce waɗannan ka iya zarta a baya fasahar zamani, ta yadda za su iya kauce wa garkuwar sararin samaniyar saboda yadda siffarsu take.

Wani mai sanya idanu a yankin ya ce RSF ta sami damar keta fasahar kakkaɓo jirage marasa matuƙa da sojojin Sudan suka girke, amma ya ce har yanzu ba a tabbatar da hakan a hukumance ba.

Dakarun sojin Sudan sun sha kai hare-haren bama-bamai kan filin jirgin Darfur ta Kudu da ke Nyala, wanda ya lalata wani jirgi a farkon watan da muke ciki.

Wasu masanan na ganin hare-haren RSF a Port Sudan tamkar ƴar ƙwarya-ƙwarar ramuwar gayya ce.

Ƙaruwar amfani da jirage marasa matuƙa ya nuna yadda ƙasashen waje ke da hannu a yaƙin basasar ƙasar.

"Wannan yaƙi ne na fasaha," in ji Justin Lynch, babban daraktan cibiyar nazarin yaƙe-yaƙe da tattara alƙaluma.

"Abin da ya sa magoya baya daga ƙetare ke da amfani, saboda bisa ga alamu RSF ba sa ƙera makamai da kansu. Sai ana ba su kayayyakin haɗa su."

Sojojin ƙasar na zargin ƙasar Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa (UAE) da samar wa RSF jiragen marasa matuƙa, inda ta yanke huldar jakadanci da ƙasar, saboda hare-haren.

UAE ta sha musanta zarge-zargen. Kuma ta jima tana musanta rahotonnin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ƴansiyasar Amurka da ƙungiyoyin duniya cewa tana samar da makamai ga RSF.

Amma Mista Lynch ya ce shaidar a bayane take.

Shi ne jagoran wallafa rahoton da ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka ta ɗauki nauyi a shekarar da ta gabata, wanda ya ce ''akwai kusan tabbacin'' cewa UAE ce ke taimaka wa RSF.

Ya faɗa wa BBC cewa zai zama abin mamaki idan an ce ba UAE ce ta bai wa RSF jirage marasa matuƙan da ta yi amfani da su a hare-haren Port Sudan ba.

Haka kuma ya ce ''akwai kusa da tabbacin'' cewa Iran na samar wa sojojin Sudan da makamai, sannan kuma akwai wasu shaidu da ya ce sun nuna cewa wasu makaman da sojojin ke amfani da su wani kamfanin ƙasar Turkiyya ne ke ƙera su.

Iran ba ta ce komai ba kan zarge-zargen. Haka su ma jami'an Turkiyya sun musanta hannu a zargin.

Ƙaruwar amfani da jiragen marasa matuƙa da alama zai sauya salon yakin ƙasar, amma RSF na amfani da dabarar kai hari ɗaruruwan kilomita daga inda take.

Fiye da mako guda na hare-hare a kullum a Port Sudan, RSF sun kai hari hari kan filin jirgin ƙasa da ƙasa ɗaya tilo da ke aiki, da tashar samar da lantarki da rumbunan ajiyar man fetur da kuma sansanin sojin sama, yayin da take yunƙurin lalata hanyar da sojojin ke samun makamai.

Birnin shi ne kaɗai ke da tashar ruwan da ake shigar da agaji ƙasar, kuma Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yi gargaɗin cewa wannan ''ƙaruwar rikici'' ka iya dagula ayyukan jin ƙai a ƙasar, tare da ƙara haifar da kashe fararen hula.

Hakan ya sa aka fara kwatanta ƙarfin makaman kowane ɓangare, kamar na Rasha da Ukraine.

"Waɗanan makaman na da ƙarfi, ba ka buƙatar amfani da jrgin da mutum zai tuƙa, kuma sun fi sauƙin samuwa fiye da jiragen yaƙin da mutum ke tuƙawa,'' in ji Mista Binnie.

"Wannan wani ɓangare na bazuwar fasahar zamani, inda za ka ga abin da a da ake amfani da shi a yaƙin basasa a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara."

Ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Sudan ta yi gargaɗin cewa hare-haren na yin barazana ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar yankunan da ke iyaka da Tekun Maliya, inda ta yi kira ga ƙungiyoyin da ƙasashen duniya, su ɗauki matakai kan masu ɗaukar nauyin ƴan tayar da ƙayar baya, ''yana mai alaƙanta hakan da UAE.

Mista Lynch ya yi imanin cewa yarjejeniya tsakanin UAE da sojojin Sudan ne kawai za su kawo ƙarshen yaƙin.