Yadda Gwamnatin Syria ke harƙallar miyagun ƙwayoyi

A wani binciken hadin gwiwa tsakanin Sashin Larabci na BBC da cibiyar binciken kwakwaf ta OCCRP an gano harkallar kwayar Captagon na biliyoyin dala a tsakanin wasu jami'an tsaron Kasar Syria da wasu daga cikin iyalan Shugaban Kasa Bashar al-Assad.

Captagon wata kwaya ce mai kama da kwayar amphetamine da a yanzu ta'ammali da ita ke neman zama ruwan dare a yankin Gabas a 'yan shekarun nan. A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, BBC ta nadi bidiyon yadda sojojin Lebanon da Jordan suke ta kokarin hana fasakwaurin kwayar ta Captagon zuwa iyakokin kasarsu daga Syria. Yanzu ana samun kwayar a Nahiyar Turai da Afirka da Asia.

A watan Maris, Birtaniya da Amurka da Tarayyar Turai sun saka takunkuni a kan jerin wasu mutane-Ciki har da wasu 'yan uwan Shugaba Assad- da ake zargi suna da hannu a harkallar kwayar Captagon. BBC ta bi diddigin lamarin a kasar ta Syria, inda ta gano sahihan hujjojin da suka nuna akwai hannun manyan jami'an gwamnatin Syria a cikin harkallar, kari a kan wadanda aka bayyana.

Gwamnatin Syria ba ta ce komai ba a kan bukatar BBC ta neman bayani, amma a baya ta sha karyata zargin kasancewa da hannunta a harkallar miyagun kwayoyi.

A watan Yulin 2022 a birnin Suweida a Kudancin Syria, hedkwatar Raji Falhout, wanda shi ne jagoran kungiyar mai mara wa gwamnati baya ta samu cikas, inda wata abokiyar hamayyarta ta mata kifa daya kwala. A lokacin an gano jakunkunan wasu abubuwan da ake kyautata zaton kwayoyin Captagon ne da aka sarrafa su domin rarraba su da wani inji na shan kwayar da kuma katin aikin soja na Fahout na Syria da wata waya a rufe.

Da BBC ta bude wayar, ta gano sakonnin tattaunawa a tsakanin Mista Falhout da wani dan kasar Lebanon mai suna "Abu Hamza" inda suke tattauna yadda za a sayo injunan shan kwayar.

Akwai sakonnin tattaunawa a wayar daga Agustan 2021, inda Mista Falhout da Abu Hamza suke tattauna hanyoyin da za a bi a shigo da injunan daga Lebanon zuwa Syria. Ta hanyar amfani da wayar ce BBC ta gano asalin sunan Abu Hamza-Hussein Riad al-Faytrouni.

Mun samu labari daga gidajen yada labarai a cikin Syria cewa yana da alaka da Hezbollah, wadda jam'iyyar siyasa ce kuma kungiyar 'yan bindiga a Lebanon da ke da alaka da Gwamnatin Syria.

Mayakan Hezbollah sun taimaka wa Gwamnatin Syria matuka a Yakin Basasar kasar, sannan rahotanni sun nuna cewa akwai su da yawa cikin kasar. Tun tuni ake zargin su da safarar miyagun kwayoyi, amma suna yawan karyata zargin.

Da yake mana karin haske, wani dan jarida dan asalin yankin Suweida daga inda ya samu mafaka ya ce: "Hezbollah na cikin harkallar, amma suna taka-tsantsan kar a samu mambobinsu a gaba-gaba wajen safarar miyagun kwayoyi."

Ita ma kungiyar Hezbollah ta ki cewa komai da BBC ta nemi jin ta bakinta a game da Mista Faytrouni.

A baya kungiyar ta sha karyata zargin hannu a cikin sana'antawa da safarar kwayar Captagon. Kuma kokarin jin ta bakin Mista Falhout da Mista Faytrouni bai kai ga nasara ba.

Ba wannan karo ne na farko ba da bincike ya nuna hannun Hezbollah a cikin harkallar.

Bayan watanni BBC na shiri, ta samu damar kutsawa cikin jami'an tsaron kasar Syria a yankin Aleppo da ke karkashin ikon gwamnati.

Wani soja da ya nemi a sakaya sunansa ya bayyana mana cewa albashin sojoji a wata bai kai Fam din Syria 150,000 ba, wato Fam 47 ko Dala 60.

Ya ce wannan ya sa dole da yawa daga cikinsu suka zama masu safarar miyagun kwayoyi domin samun kudaden da za su gudanar da harkokinsu na yau da kullum, inda ya kara da cewa lamarin ya zama musu jiki.

Da muka tambaye shi matsayinsa a harkallar safarar kwayar Captagon, sai ya ce, "An hana mu zuwa wajen da ake hada kwayar," in ji shi. "Muna tsara wajen haduwa ne, sai mu saya a hannun Hezbollah. Za mu karba kayan, sannan sai mu tsara da Sashe na Hudu yadda da za mu bi mu fita."

Sashe na Hudu shi ne babban sashe a Rundunar Sojan Kasar Syria da ke da alhakin kare gwamnatin daga barazarar ciki da wajen kasar. Tun a shekarar 2018, kwamandanta shi ne Maher al-Assad, wanda kane ne ga Shugaba Assad.

Maher al-Assad yanzu haka yana fuskantar takunkumi da dama daga kasashen Yamma saboda amfani da karfi wajen murkushe masu zanga-zanga a lokacin Yakin Basarar kasar, kuma an dade ana zargin shi da amfani da makamai masu guba.

Haka rahotanni sun nuna ya sauya salon sashen zuwa bangaren samar da kudin shiga.

Mun samu tattaunawa da wani tsohon sojan Syria, inda ya bayyana mana cewa, "Saboda tsananin rashin kudi da kanana da manyan sojojin Syria suke fama da shi, da yawa daga cikinsu na Sashe na Hudu sai suka koma safarar miyagun kwayoyi.

"Sai ya zama an fara amfani da motocin sashen wajen dakon masu tsatstsauran ra'ayi da makamai da kwayoyi domin su kadai ne suke da ikon zirga-zirga tare da wuce duk wani shingen bincike a kasar hankali kwance."

Tattalin arzikin Syria ya tabarbare matuka saboda takunkumi masu yawa da aka kakaba mata. Masu sharhi a kan al'amura sun bayyana cewa yanzu kasar ta fara dogara ne da harkallar kwayar ta Captagon.

"Yanayin kudin shiga da take samu, ya sa kudin kasafin kasar ya yi karanci sodai," in ji Joel Rayburn, wanda tsohon Jakadan Amurka a Syria ne a zantawarsa da BBC.

"Idan aka samu tsaiko a kudin da ake samu daga kwayar Captagon, ba na tunanin Gwamnatin Assad za ta cigaba da mulki."

BBC ta samu wasu karin hujjojin kasancewar 'yan uwan Assad a harkallar.

A shekarar 2021, an gabatar da wani dan kasuwa, wanda dan kasar Lebanon da Syria ne mai suna Hassan Daqqou da ake kira da "Sarkin Captagon" a Lebanon.

An same shi da laifin safarar kwayar Captagon bayan an kama kwayar da dama a lokacin da ake shigar da ita kasar Malaysia.

An samu kusan kwaya miliyan 100 a cikin kullin, wanda kuma kasar Saudiyya za a kai inda aka kiyasta farashin kayan a kasar zai kai tsakanin Dala biliyan daya zuwa biliyan biyu wato Fam miliyan 790 zuwa Fam biliyan 1.6, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama daya daga cikin manyan kame da aka yi na safarar miyagun kwayoyi a tarihi.

An yi shara'ar ce a boye, amma wakilanmu sun samu alkalin, wanda ya bayyana mana cewa yawancin hujjojin an same su ne ta hanyar bibiyar tattaunawar wayar tarho tsakanin Daqqou da wasu masu safarar miyagun kwayoyi.

A lokacin shara'ar, Daqqou ya ce yana hada hannu ne da Sashe na Hudu na Rundunar Sojan Kasan Syria wajen yaki da masu safarar kwayar ta Captagon, sannan ya nuna katin aikin soja na sashen na hudu a matsayin hujja.

Daqqou ya bayyana wa BBC cewa shi mai gaskiya ne kuma babu wata hujja da kotun ta samu da ke nuna yana da hannu a safarar kwayar ta Captagon da aka kama.

Duk da an kama Daqqou da laifin safarar miyagun kwayoyi, Alkalin ya bayyana mana cewa ba a samu hujjar kasancewar jami'an gwamnatin Syria da hannu a harkallar ba.

Amma bincikenmu ya gano wani abu a wani kundin kotu mai shafi 600 da ke nuna akasin haka- wanda hotunan tattaunawa ne WhatsApp da Daqqou ya tura wa wani da yake kira "The Boss" wato mai gida. Lambar wayarsa lambobi kusan iri daya aka yi ta maimaitawa, wanda ke nuni da lamba ta musamman.

BBC ta yi magana da masu manya da suka nemi a sakaya sunansu, wadanda suka tabbatar da cewa lambar ta wani Manjo Janar Ghassan Bilal ce. Mun kira lambar sau da dama, amma ba a dagawa.

Janar Bilal shi ne na biyu a Sashe na Hudu bayan Maher al-Assad, kuma ana tunanin shi ne yake jagorantar harkokinta na bayan fage.

A tattaunawasru na WhatsApp, Daqqou ta shi "Mai gidan" sun tattauna a kan tafiyar da wasu "kaya" -wanda mu ke kyautata zaton kwayar Captagon din ce- zuwa wani gari a Syria da ake kira Saboora, inda Sashe na Hudu ke da jami'ai da yawa.

Idan ta tabbata shi wannan mai gidan Janar Bilal ne, sakonnin na WhatsApp ya tabbatar da akwai daya daga cikin manyan jami'an sojan kasar Syria a safarar kwayar Captagon wanda ya kai biliyoyin daloli.

Janar Bilal ya ki cewa komai a kokarin da muka yi na jin ta bakin shi.

A watan Mayu ne aka dawo da kasar Syria cikin Tarayyar Kasashen Larabawa, sannan Shugaba Assad ya halarci taron kasashen a karon farko a sama da shekara goma.

An kuma gayyace shi taron COP28 a kasar Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa a watan Nuwamba mai zuwa.

Abun da ya rage shi ne jiran ganin yadda kasashen duniya za su iya tursasa gwamnatin Syria ta daina mu'amala da kwayar ta Captagon.

An samu karin bayani daga Sashen Larabci na BBC da Mambobin OCCRP MENA