An kafa mutum-mutumin dan Malawi da ya yaki mulkin mallaka a dandalin Trafalgar

A ranar Labaraba aka kafa wani mutum-mutumi a dandali mafi tarihi na Trafalgar da ke tsakiyar birnin Landan.

Sai dai wannan karon, ba wani sadauki ko sarki aka sanya mutum-mutuminsa ba. Maimakon hakan, an kafa mutum-mutumin fitaccen mai wa’azin darikar Baptist dan kasar Malawi, John Chilembwe da ya yi yaki da mulkin mallakar turawan Birtaniya a kasarsa.

Mutum-mutumin da aka yi wa lakabi da Antelope zai zama na hudu da aka kafa a dandalin na Trafalgar cikin jerin fitattun mutanen da suka shahara a duniya.

Tun shekarar 2003 aka baje-kolin ayyukan zane-zane daban-daban da aka saba yi duk shekara biyu. Yayin da aka yi niyyar kaddamar da mutum-mutumin Sarki William IV, wurin ya kasance fayau, sakamakon rashin kudaden da za a yi aikin da su.

Mutum-mutumin Chilembwe, mai tsawon mita biyar, ya kasance na dan Afirka na farko da ya samu wannan girmamawa.

Anyi mutum-mutumin da zallar tagulla, ta hanyar amfani da wani fitaccen mai daukar hoto da ya dauki Chilembwe a shekarar 1914, tsaye a kusa da makarantar Mishan ta John Chorley ta Birtaniya, kuma a wajen majami’ar kauyen Mbombwe da ke kudancin Malawi.

Hoton ya nuna Chilembwe sanye malafa, alamar take wata doka da turawan mulkin mallaka suka haramta wa ‘yan Afirka sanyawa idan turawa na wurin.

Yayin da mutanen biyu ke tsaye a hoton, an dan karawa mutum-mutumin kwaskwarima ta yadda dan Malawin zai ja hankalin mutane.

Mai zayyanar nan da aka haifa a Malawia, Samson Kambalu , shi ne ya yi kwaskwarimar, ta yadda Chilembwe ya fi Chorley girman jiki, yadda dan Malawin ya fi shi tsaho sosai.

"Abin da mai zayyanar ke nufi da kara wa Chilembwe tsaho shi ne nuna irin rawar da ya taka, da ba da labarin da ke cikin tarihin mulkin mallakar Birtaniya a Afirka da sauran inda suka mulka," a cewar shafin intanet na magajin birnin Landan.

Duk da cewa an kafa mutum-mutumin a tsakiyar birnin Landan, da wasu ke ganin ba wani fice Chilembwe ya yi ba, amma yawanci sun tuna da shi.

"Ba lallai ne mutane da dama su san wane ne John Chilembwe ba, to wannan ita ce matufar baki daya,'' in ji Kambalu, mataimakin farfesa a tsangayar zayyana ta Jami’ar Oxford a Ingila.

Chilembwe ya yi suna sosai a matsayin dan Afirkan da ya yaki mulkin danniya da gallazawa da rashin adalci na karni 20, inda ya jagoranci juyin juya hali kan turawan mulkin mallaka a kasar Malawi wadda ake kira Nyasaland a shekarar 1915.

Duk da cewa ba a dauki tsawon lokaci a juyin juya halin bai dauki lokaci ba, amma ya watsu a sassan nahiyar Afirka.

Ana yi wa Chilembwe kallon mai fada a ji da ya jagoranci ko haskawa kasashen Afirka haske da karfafa gwiwar samar da ‘yan siyasa a Afirka, misali fitaccen dan siyasar nan dan Jamaica kuma mai fafutuka, Marcus Garvey, da John Langalibalele Dube, wanda ya zama shugaban jam’iyyar African National Congress (ANC) ta Afirka ta Kudu.

An haifi Chilembwe a shekarun 1870, ya girma a kudancin kasar Malawi a gundumar Chiradzulu.

Shi ne da na hudu ga mahaifinsa dan kabilar Yao da mahaifiyarsa 'yar kabilar Mang'anja.

Ya girma ne a yankin Chiradzulu, Chilembwe ya samu gogewa daga turawa mishinariya da suka je Malawi domin da'awar da magabacinsu David Livingstone ya fara.

A nan ne Chilembwe ya fara haduwa da mutumin nan mai tsaurin ra'ayi Joseph Booth, mai ra'ayin "Afirka sai dan Afirka".

Mutanen sun shaku matuka, kuma shi ne silar da suka yi balaguro zuwa Amurka tare, inda ya karanci fannin ilimin tauhidin addinin Kirista a Virginia.

A lokacin da yake Amurka, Chilembwe ya ga yadda 'yan kasar 'yan asalin Afirka sukai ta fadi tashi da shan bakar wuya bayan kauda cinikin bayi.

Shekara da shekaru bayan nn, ya bar Amurka, domin komawa gida da fara gangamin yaki da mulkin mallaka.

Ya na komawa gida Malawi, Chilembwe ya yi aiki tukuru wajen assasa makarantar mishinariya ta Chiradzulu.

Ya gina coci ginin bulo da bulo, da makarantu, ya yi aikin gona, da noman ganyen shayi da gahwa, da auduga, inda ya samu tallafin kudade daga Amurka.

Wahala lokacin mulkin mallaka

Lokacin da ya dawo, ya samu mutane suna cikin wuya kan mulkin mallakar turawan Birtaniya, karkashin sabbin dokokin da suka ture Malawi daga kasarsa, yayin da aka tilasta yawancinsu yin aiki a gonakin turawa da ka kwace hannun 'yan kasa, suna aikin cikin mummunan yanayi.

Chilembwe ya sake shiga bakin ciki kan mulkin mallakar turawa, jim kadan bayan barkewar yakin duniya na daya, inda aka dauki sojojin Malawi a yaki da sojojin Jamus a kasar da ake kira Tnzania a halin yanzu.

Ya rubuta budaddiyar wasika ga jarida daya tilo da ake da ita a wannan lokacin. Rahotanni sun ce, jim kadan bayan rubuta wasikar, ya fara shirin tawaye, da aka fara watan Junairun 1915.

Duk da shirin Chilembwe, na kokarin far wa turawa, ba a jima ba sojojin Birtaniya suka gane shirin tare da daukar matakin dakile shi.

Juyin juya halin da aka rasa ran tsurarun mutane, da ba a yi nasara ba har sai da suka sanya lada ga wanda ya mika Chilembwe da magoya bayansa.

Kwanaki kadan bayan wannan, wani soja dan Afirka ya kashe shi ta hanyar harbe shi da bindiga a lokacin da yake kokarin tsallakawa kasar da a yanzu ta zama Mozambique.

Duk da cewa tawayen nasa bai yi nasara ba, masana tarihi sun ce yunkurin da Chilembwe ya yi shi ne ya sharewa 'yan Afirka hanyar samar da abin da suka kira kokarin cin gashin kai. Kuma a shekarar 1964 kasar Malawi ta samu 'yancin kai.

A yau, ana iya ganin gwagwarmayar da Chilembwe ya yi wa kasarsa, inda aka sanya sunan shi a wasu titunan Malawi.

An kuma hoton sa ne a jikin takardar kudin Malawi kwacha, har da hatimin kasa.

Haka kuma, gwamnatin kasar ta ware duk ranar 15 ga watan Junairun kowacce shekara domin tunawa da Chilembwe, wadda ranar ta kasance ta zagayowar ranar haihuwarsa.

Sai dai masana tarihi sun ce ana ci gaba da muhawara kan muhimmancinsa.

"A kowacce ranar tunawa da Chilembwe, jaridu da bayanan da ake wallafawa a shafukan intanet, mawallafa na amfani da damar wajen sanya muhawara kan rawar da ya taka a tarihin kasar," in ji masanin tarihi a kasar Muti Michael Phoya.

"Yayin da yawancin mutane suka amince ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin Malawi, wasu na cewa ya yi gaggawar yada manufarsa ta juyin juya hali."

"Sai dai mutum-mutumin da Kambalu ya yi, ka iya farfado da muhimmancin tarihi da labarinsa."

Kambalu ya amince yana fatan mutum-mutumin zai bude wata kafa ta tattaunawa a Birtaniya, da har yanzu bakar inuwar mulkin mallakar da suka yi ke bibiyarsu.

"Mutum-butumin, haske ne da zai sanya tarihin da aka binne ko ba magana aka yi zai taso, ta yadda tarihi zai yi bayanin ainihin abin da ya faru, ta bude kofar sulhu tsakanin tsohuwar uwar mulkin mallakar Malawi domin tattaunawa da 'yan kasa."