Cin Zarafin Mata: Akwai wadatattun dokoki a ƙasa?

"Ƙanwata ta riƙa zubar da jini har ta mutu, bayan an yi mana kaciya," inji Miatta Gray.

Tana ƴar shekara 11 ne aka kai wata mata ƴar Laberiya wani ƙauye tare da ƙanwarta domin a yi masu kaciya, wata al'ada da ta yi ƙarfi sosai ƙasarta.

“A lokacin da na farfaɗo babu wanda ya faɗa mani wajen da ƙanwata take. Sai bayan kwanaki ne wata ƴar uwata ke faɗa mani cewa ai ƙanwata ta rasu,” Inji ta.

Miatta shiga yanayin da har sai da aka yi mata aiki sau biyu domin gyara matsalar da kaciyar da aka yi mata ta janyo.

Bayan shekara ɗaya kuma, wani ɗan uwa na jini ya ci zarafin Miatta ta hanyar lalata.

Ta ce “Lamarin ya ƙazanta sosai, ina cikin mummunan ciwo amma babu wanda ya damu,”

Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yi ƙiyasin cewa ƙasa da mashi 40 cikin 100 na manta da aka ci zarafi suke neman taimako. Kuma yadda aka kasa cimma daidaito tsakanin jinsi da kuma ɗaukar muzgunawa mata a matsayin wani abu da ya zama ruwan dare a ƙasashe da dama, sun taimaka wajen ruruta wutar wannan abu.

Ga Miatta, ta ɗauka babu wanda ya yarda da abin da ta faɗa, akwai kuma masu ganin cewa abin da ya farun laifin da ne.

Bata da wanda ta aminta da shi, bayan mutuwar ƙanwarta, ga shi kuma an raba ta da mahaifiyar ta.

“Na tsira daga ɗabi'ar safarar ƙananan yara. Tun ina ƴar shekara ɗaya aka ɗauke ni daga hannun mahaifiyata,” inji ta.

Sai da Miatta ta kai shekara 14 ne aka sake haɗa ta da mahaifiyarta. Mahaifiyarta ba ta san cewa an yi safarar ɗiyarta ba, amma ta shafe tsawon lokacin nan tana neman ta. Haɗuwar tasu ta zo ne abisa sa'a, a daidai lokacin da mahaifiyar ta tashi tsaye domin yaƙi da yunƙurin yi wa Miatta auren wuri.

“Na tsallake afkawa auren wuri ne saboda mahaifiyata ta ƙi amincewa,” inji Miatta.

Bayan ta girma kuma, Miatta ta faɗa cikin wata alaƙa ta cin zarafi, wanda ya kai ga shafar lafiyar ƙwaƙwalwarta.

Ta ce “Na sha yin yunƙurin kashe kaina saboda kaɗuwar da na shiga,” tana mai cewa a lokuta da dama ji take kamar ita kaɗai ke rayuwa a duniya.

Miatta ta ce mahaifiyarta ce ta ƙarfafa mata gwiwa, kuma bayan mutuwar mahifiyar tata, sai ta mayar da hankali wajen inganta rayuwar ɗiyarta. Tunanin abin da zai iya faruwa da ɗiyarta idan ba ta tashi tsaye wajen bata kariya ba shi ne abin da ya ƙarfafa mata gwiwa a wannan karon.

Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta fassara cin zarafin mata a matsayin duk wani abu da ya kai ga ƙuntata wa mata ta fuskar duka, ko lalata, ko kuma wanda ya jefa su cikin damuwa.

Wata ƙididdigar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ce ɗaya daga cikin mata uku, a duniya baki ɗaya na fuskantar cin zarafi, ko dai ta fuskar duka ko kuma lalata, kuma mafi yawa makusantan su ke aikata wannan laifi. Haka kuma mata fiye da miliyan 640, ƴan shekara 15 zuwa sama suna fuskantar cin zarafi daga mazan su ko abokan rayuwar su.

Shekara huɗu da ta gabata, ƙasashe irin su Laberiya da Puerto Rico da Najeriya da Afirika ta Kudu da kuma Saliyo suka ayyana fyaɗe da sauran cin zarafin mata a matsayin babbar matsala mai buƙatar ɗaukar matakin gaggawa daga ɓangaren gwamnati.

“Yaƙi da cin zarain mata wani abu ne mai buƙatar ka jajirce ka kuma sanya ƙarfin ka baki ɗaya,” inji Miatta.

A matsayinta na wadda ta fuskanci nau'ikan cin zarafi, yanzu haka tana tafiyar da wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta a Laberiya, wadda ta sadaukar da ayyukan ta wajen yaƙi da cin zarafin mata. Ta jajirce wajen taimakwa sauran mata dake fuskantar irin matsalar da ta yi fama da ita.

Rahoton Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya nuna cewa aƙalla ƙasashe 162 suna da dokoki masu yaƙi da cin zarafin mata a gidajen aure, kuma 147 a cikin su suna da dokoki masu yaƙi da cin zarafi ta hanyar lalata a wajen aiki. Sai dai kuma hakan bai magance wannan matsala ba.

Kalubalen doka

Indonesia tana daga cikin ƙasashen da suka fitar da sabuwar doka a kai.

Sabuwar ƙididdigar da gwamnatin Indonesia ta fitar ta nuna cewa aƙalla mata uku ke fuskantar cin zarafi kowacce sa'a biyu a ƙasar.

A watan Afirelun 2022, majalisar dokokin ƙasar ta zartar da dokar yaƙi da cin zarafi, wadda ta faɗaɗa abin da ake nufi da fyaɗe, ciki harda fyaɗen da ke faruwa a tsakanin ma'aurata, da kuma samar da hanyoyin magance matsalar.

“Ba kasafai ake kai rahoton fyaɗen da ya faru tsakanin ma'aurata ba, kuma ko an kai rahoton ƴan sanda suna yiwa lamarin ɗaukar abin da ya shafi mu'amula ta iyali,” inji Theresia Iswarini wata kwamishina a ma'aikatar yaƙi da cin zarafin mata, wadda aka kafa domin kwato ƴancin waɗanda aka ci zarafi, da kuma ajiye rijistar laifin da aka aikata.

Theresia ta ce mafi yawan cin zarafin mata da ake samu a Indonesia suna faruwa ne cikin gida, inda ake cin zarafin matan aure da kuma ƴaƴan su mata.

Ta ce “Yana da matuƙar wahala ga wadda aka ci zarafi ta samu kai rahoton abin da aka yi mata saboda al'adu da kuma yanayin tsarin bin haƙƙi irin namu. Amma doka ta tilasta a kai rahoton duk wani nau'in cin zarafi.

“Dokar hukunta laifin cin zarafi ta hanyar lalata ta yi tanadin wani sashi da ke bayar da kariya ga waɗanda aka ci zarafin da kuma ƙwatar masu ƴanci.”

Ta ƙara da cewa “A yanzu waɗan aka ci zarafi suna da ƴancin neman a boye bayanan su, a kuma goge hotuna ko bidiyon su da aka wallafa a intanet,”

Duk da dai Theresia ta ce sabuwar dokar tana goyon bayan mata, ta lura cewa akwai sassan dokar da ke iya jefa mata cikin haɗarin fuskantar cin zarafin.

Theresia ta ce kashi 30 cikin 100 na rahotannin da ake kaiwa ƴan sanda ne kacal ke kaiwa ga matakin yanke hukunci a kotu, lamarin da ke nuni da irin giɗin da ake da shi wajen neman hukunta masu aikata laifin.

Wani bincike da hukumar Komnas Perempuan ta gudanar ya nuna cewa an taƙaita wuraren da aka kafa domin yaƙi da cin zarafin mata a manyan birane, don haka akwai giɓi a wurare da dama. Ga shihar yanzu waɗanda aka ci zarafi suna biyan kudi domin yin gwajin tabbatar da mai laifi a asibitoci.

Binciken ya kuma nuna cewa jami'an tsaro ba su sauraron koken mutanen da aka ci zarafi yadda ya kamata, ko kuma a wasu lokuta su ɗora masu laifin.

“Akwai buƙatar ƙananan hukumomi su aiwatar da sauyi kan tsare-tsaren tuhuma da kuma hukunta masu laifi,” inji Theresia.

Kwamishinar ta yarda cewa ya kamata a ƙara ƙaimi wajen yaƙi da matsalar.

Ta ce “Ya kamata a ɗauki matakan rigakafi, kamar yaƙi da rashawa da kawar da talauci da kaucewa rikici da kuma wayar da kan jama'a,”

Sauye-Sauye a Dokokin Laberiya

A Laberiya, bayan shekara 14 ana rikici, ƙasar ta kafa wasu kotuuna masu sauraron ƙara mai alaƙa da cin zarafin mata.

Dokar hukunta laifin fyaɗe ta 2005 ta yi tanadin hukuncin ɗaurin shekara 10 a gidan yari. A 2008 kuma, an kafa wata kotu domi sauraron ƙarar da ta shafi cin zarafin mata. Sai kuma 2019 da aka samar da dokar bayar da kariya ga mutanen da suka fuskanci cin zarafi.

“A ƴan shekarun nan, an samu inganci wajen gaggauta bincike da gurfanar da mutanen da ake zargi da cin zarafin mata. Inji Miatta