Tsananin Zafi: Mene ne shi kuma ya dangantakarsa take da sauyin yanayi?

Jama'a a fadin duniya na fuskantar tsananin zafi da ambaliyar ruwa da gobarar daji sakamakon sauyin yanayi.

Birtaniya da wasu sassan Turai na fama da yanayin zafin da ya zarce sama da maki 40 a wannan watan, wanda ke haifar da katsewar sufuri da karancin ruwa.

Ƙona man fetur da gurbataccen hayaki na ƙara tsananta zafi a sararin samaniya, tun farkon fara haɓakar masana'antu a faɗin duniya.

Matukar ba a dauki wani mataki a kan fitar da hayaki mai gurbata muhalli a duniya ba, za a ci gaba da fuskantar wannan barazana.

Ga wasu hanyoyi hudu da sauyin yanayi ke canja yanayin da muke ciki.

1. Ƙaruwar zafi: Tsayin lokacin zafin

Domin fahimtar tasirin sauyin yanayi a lokacin da ake cikin wani, yi tunanin wata kararrawa da aka kewaye da sanyi mai tsanani da kuma zafi mai tsanani ta kowanne ɓangare sannan kuma ga wani abu mai zafi da aka dora a tsakiya.

Dan motsi kaɗan a tsakiya na nufin cewa zafi da sanyi za su yi karo da juna, a lokaci guda kuma zafin na kara yawa.

Yanayin zafi a Birtaniya ya kai maki 40 a karon farko a ranar 19 ga Yuli. Hukumar kula da yanayi ta ƙasar ta yi kiyasin cewa tsanantar da yanayin ke yi ya rubanya sau goma a yanzu saboda sauyin yanayi. Kuma abubuwa na iya kara muni.

"A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata wannan na iya zama kyakkyawan yanayi," in ji Farfesa Friederike Otto, masanin kimiyyar yanayi a Kwalejin Imperial ta London.

Lokacin da wata guguwa mai karfi ta dirar wa rafin jet, sai ta rikita yanayin yankin baki ɗaya, ya zamana zafi ya tsananta a yankunan da ke kewaye da shi da ke samun sa'ida saboda danshi da iska a baya.

Irin wannan na faruwa lokaci zuwa lokaci a wurare daban-daban, idan wani yanayi ya gamu da cikas sai ya haifar da wanda ba shi ake ciki ba, kamar yadda ta faru a Indiya a wannan shekarar.

Tuni Indiya da Pakistan sun fuskanci yanayin zafi mai tsanani har sau biyar a jere a wannan shekara, inda a Jacobabad da ke Pakistan yanayin zafin ya kai har maki 49 a watan Mayu.

A kudancin duniya ma ƙasashen Argentina, da Uruguay, da Paraguay da Brazil duk sun fuskanci irin wannan yanayi mai tarihi a watan Janairu.

A cikin wannan watan a Onslow da ke yammacin Australia zafi ya kai maki 50, yanayi mafi tsananin zafi da aka taba samu a wannan nahiya.

A shekarar da ta gabata ma Arewacin Amurka ya fuskanci matsanancin zafi, inda garin Lytton na yammacin Canada ya kone lokacin da yanayin zafi ya kai maki 49, abin da ya karya tarihin da ake da shi a baya da kusan maki 5.

Irin wannan tsananin zafi ba abu ne da zai faru ba, ba don sauyin yanayi ba, kamar yadda masana kimiyya ke cewa.

2. Ƙaruwar fari

Yayin da zafi ke ƙaruwa, fari kuma na iya ta'azzara.

Ƙarancin ruwan sama na janyo ƙafewar ƙasa, don haka danshinta na raguwa ta bushe ƙamas.

Saboda haka wannan yana nufin cewa lokaci kaɗan ƙasa ke buƙata ta ɗauki zafi, ta kuma sake tsananta zafin da ake fama da shi a gari.

Wani mutum yana tafiya a gaban guguwa mai yashi a Dollow, kudu maso yammacin Somaliya. Mutane daga sassa daban-daban na Gedo a Somaliya sun yi hijira saboda fari.

Bukatar ruwa da mutane musamman manoma ke yi na ƙara haifar da ƙarancin samar da ruwa da dama can ana fama da shi.

3. Ƙara haifar da gobarar daji

Wasu ayyukan ɗan adam na iya ƙara tsananta gobarar daji, sai dai ba a ce akwai ƙaddara.

Zagayowar zafi mai tsayi da dadewa sakamakon sauyin yanayi na fitar da danshi daga ƙasa da ciyayi.

Wadannan yanayin bushe-bushe suna iza wutan lamarin, wanda zai iya yaduwa cikin sauri mai ban mamaki.

Wannan yanayi na ƙafewa da bushewar komai na iya zama makamashin gobarar daji wadda ke ci da gudu cikin sauri.

Gobarar da aka fara fama da ita a wasu yankunan arewacin duniya ta fara ne sakamakon rashin ruwan sama da zafi, wanda ya ci gaba da ta'azzara har zuwa watan Yuli.

A baya-bayan nan an sami rahoton wata mummunar gobarar daji a kasashen Faransa da Spaniya da Portugal da Girka da Croatia da kuma Albania, inda aka kwashe dubban mazauna yankin kuma an bayar da rahoton mutuwar daruruwan mutane.

An kwashe sama da masu yawon bude ido dubu goma a Faransa tun farkon watan Yuli.

A Canada ma a lokacin zafin bara an yi ta samun gobara, da ta kai ita kanta ta haifar da nata yanayin musamman na zafi saboda tsananinta.

Yawan gobarar daji ya karu sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.

4. Ƙaruwar ruwan sama kamar da bakin ƙwarya

A lokacin da ake cikin yanayin da aka saba da shi, yanayin zafi yana haifar da danshi da tururin ruwa a cikin iska, abun da daga bisani ke juyawa ya zama ɗigon ruwa, kana ya haifar da ruwan sama.

Yayin da dumamar yanayin ke karuwa, yawan tururin ma na karuwa, kuma yana sake haifar da ƙarin ɗigon ruwa da ruwan sama mai nauyi, wani lokaci a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma a wurare da dama.

Tuni a wannan shekarar, ambaliya ta afkawa Spaniya da wasu sassan gabashin Australia.

A cikin kwanaki shida kawai a Brisbane yanayin ruwan sama ya kai kashi 80, yayin da a Sydney aka samu fiye da matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a cikin ƙasa da watanni uku.

Waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru na ruwan sama suna da alaƙa da tasirin sauyin yanayi a wasu wurare, a cewar Peter Gleick, kwararre kan ruwan sama a cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Amurka.

"Lokacin da wuraren da fari ke afkuwa suka ƙaru, sai ruwan sama ya sauka a wasu wuraren kamar Siberia da yammacin Amurka, abin da ke haifar da guguwan da ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya" in ji shi.

Yanayi a duk faɗin duniya zai kasance koyaushe yana canzawa sosai, amma sauyin yanayi yana sa waɗannan bambance-bambancen su riƙa tsananta.

Kuma ƙalubalen a yanzu ba wai ya tsaya ba ne a iyakance ƙarin tasirin da mutane ke da shi kan sararin samaniya ba ne, har ma da iyakance damar da muke da ita ta magance matsalolin da muke fuskanta.