Fargabar da ƴan ciranin Afirka ke ciki game da zaɓen shugaban Amurka

A wajen mafi yawan ƴan Afirka masu gudun hijira da masu neman mafaka a Amurka, sakamakon zaɓen shugaban ƙasar da ke tafe zai taka muhimmiyar rawa a kan yanayin yadda ci gaba da zamansu a ƙasar zai kasance.

"Mun cancanci a ba mu kariya," in ji Dr Yves Kaduli, mai shekara 38 da ke neman mafaka a ƙasar daga DR Congo. "Ina da burin ba waɗanda za su shiga matsala kariya."

A shekarar 2014, Dr Kaduli ya tsere daga gabashin DR Congo bayan an yi garkuwa da shi, an gana masa azaba saboda bambancin ra'ayin siyasa.

Barazanar kashe shi ta sa dole ya bar ƙasar, ya bar iyayensa da ɗansa mai shekara 10. Bayan kusan shekara biyar yana zirga-zirga a ƙasashen Afirka, yanzu ya tare a Virjinia, inda yake aiki a asibiti a daidai lokacin da yake jiran sakamakon neman mafakarsa.

Dr Kaduli yana cikin dubban ƴan Afirka da suke zuwa zaman gudun hijira a Amurka ta tsakanin iyakar ƙasar da Mexico duk shekara. Sannan ana samun hauhawar wannan adadin.

Yadda ƴan Amurka ke bayyana batun shigowar baƙi Amurka game da zaɓen nan, da kuma yadda dukkan ƴan takarar suke cewa za su ɗauki matakai kan iyakokin shiga ƙasar, ya jefa ƴan Afirka da suke neman mafaka a ƙasar cikin damuwa.

"Mun ga ƴan siyasa suna mayar da zamanmu laifi, suna wulaƙanta yankunan, sannan idan suka zama shugaban ƙasa, za su taka rawa wajen sauya rayuwarmu ta gaba," in ji Dr Kaduli.

Ƙarin baƙin haure da fargaba

A shekarar 2022, kusan ƴan Afirka 13,000 aka tantance a iyakar Amurka da Mexico, kamar yadda hukumar kwastam da kiyaye alƙaluma kan iyaka ta Amurka ta nuna. A shekarar 2023, adadin mutanen ya ƙaru zuwa 58,000.

Rahoton ofishin kula da ƴan gudun hijira na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (UNHCR) ya nuna ƙarin masu neman mafaka daga ƙasashen yammacin Afirka kamar Senegal da Mauritania da Guinea tun a 2022 a kan iyakar. Masu neman mafaka daga ƙasar Senegal kaɗai ya hauhawa daga 774 a 2022 zuwa 13,224 a 2024.

Duk da ƙasar tana da ɗan arziki, sama da ɗaya cikin uku na ƴan ƙasar zuna rayuwa ne cikin talauci, kamar yadda bankin duniya ya nuna.

Samun cikakkiyar mafaka a Amurka ga ƴan Afirka yana da wahala.

Bambancin harshe da rashin takamaiman masauki da rashin fahimtar yanayin yaƙe-yaƙen Afirka sun taimaka wajen ƙara wahalar samun mafakar, kamar yadda Kathleen Bush-Joseph daga cibiyar tsare-tsaren baƙin haure ya bayyana, wadda wata cibiya ce ta masana da ke bincike.

"Alƙalai da masu gabatar da ƙara ba su san haƙiƙanin yadda yaƙe-yaƙen ƙasashen Afirka suke ciki, wanda ya sa mutane suke tserewa daga ƙasashen," in ji ta.

Haka kuma akwai fargaba halin da waɗanda ba su ƙarasa Amurkar ba suke shiga. A 2022 hukumar kare haƙƙin ɗan'adam ta Human Rights Watch (HRW) ta fitar da wani rahoto, inda a ciki ta yi zargin cewa gomman ƴan ci-ranin Kamaru sun ƙare ne a gidan yari, ana gana musu azaba, sannan daga a koro su ƙasashen su.

"Ana mayar da mutane da dama zuwa ƙasashen su inda ake yaƙi," in ji wata mai bincike ta HRW Lauren Seigbert.

"Yana da matuƙar hatsari mayar da mutane ƙasashensu," in ji ta.

‘Tsananin fargaba’

Nils Kinuani, jami'in tsare-tsare a ƙungiyar haɗin kan ƴan Afirka wato African Communities Together (ACT), da take goyon bayan ƴan ci-rani da masu neman mafaka a Amurka, ya ce, "Mutane suna cikin fargaba, ana kuma tunanin tallafin da ake yi wa ƴan gudun hijira zai ragu matuƙa."

Ƙungiyarsa da ire-irenta suna kira da a samar da tsarin da masu son zuwa ci-rani da suke fargabar a mayar da ƙasashen su za su shigo ƙasar cikin sauƙi.

Daga cikin hanyoyin da suke buƙata shi ene a samar da tsarin karɓar waɗanda suka tserewa yaƙi da sauyin bala'o'i. Gwamnatin Amurka za ta iya bayar da wannan tsarin, wanda zai ba ƴan ci-ranin dama su shigo sannan su yi aikin wucin-gadi a ƙasar.

Babu takamaiman aikace-aikacen taimakon ƴan ci-rani a Amurka ga ƴan Afirka.

Kinuani ya ƙara da cewa akwai bambancin yadda ake tarbar ƴan ci-rani daga Ukraine da na ƙasashen daban.

Makonnin kaɗan bayan yaƙin ya ɓarke a Ukraine, ƴan ƙsa da dama sun tsere, inda suka nemi mafaka a Amurka.

Tun daga watan Afrilun 2023, yaƙin da ake ci gaba da gwabzawa a Sudan ya raba miliyoyin mutane da muhallan su.

Fargabar masu neman mafaka

Duka jam'iyyun Democratic da Republican sun sa magance kwararar mutane ta iyakar Amurka da Mexico a cikin manyan alƙawuran da suka yi a yaƙin zaɓe.

Ɗan takarar Republican, kuma tsohon shugaban ƙasar Amurka Donald Trump ya ce zai yi korar baƙi da ba a taɓa ganin irin sa ba a tarihin Amurka."

Ita ma ƴar takarar Democrats, mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasa Kamala Haris ta ce za ta ƙarfafa tsaron iyakokin ƙasar.

Gwamnatin Joe Biden - wanda Haris ke ciki - ta fara ƙoƙarin tsaurara tsaro a iyakokin ƙasar.

A karon farko a cikin kusan shekara 20, kusan rabin ƴan Amurka yawan masu zuwa ci-rani su ragu.

"A Amurka, ana ƙara samun yawaitar ƙarin wayar da kai a kan ƴan ci-rani," in ji Kathleen Bush-Joseph from daga cibiyar Migration Policy Institute.