Umwami w'u Rwanda we yimikwaga ate?
Ahavuye isanamu, Getty Images
- Umwanditsi, Samba Cyuzuzo
- Igikorwa, BBC Gahuzamiryango
Henshi ku isi kuri uyu wa gatandatu bakurikiranye inkuru y’ibirori byo kwimikwa Umwami w’Ubwongereza, ndetse ibihugu byinshi by’i Burayi bigifite abami bigira ibirori nk’ibi.
Ibihugu byinshi bya Africa ntibikigira abami kuko bwaciwe n’abaharaniye ubwigenge. Ibibasigaranye usanga ari ab’umuhango kandi batubahirizwa cyane ku rwego rw’igihugu.
Ariko mbere y’imyaka isaga 60 ishize ubwami nibwo bwatwaraga ibihugu byinshi muri Africa, umwami yakwima agategaka kugeza atanze [apfuye].
Umuhango wo kumwimika wabaga ari umunsi w’ibirori bikomeye, mu Rwanda ibyo birori byashoboraga kumara amezi atatu, nk’uko umusizi, umwanditsi w’ibitabo n’umushakashatsi ku muco n’amateka Jean de Dieu Nsanzabera abivuga.
'Uwavukanye imbuto'
Kwimika umwami byari umuhango muremure w’ibanga uhera ku kurambagiza umugore uzabyara umwami w’u Rwanda. Uwo muhango ukayoborwa n’Abiru bitwa Abimitsi, nk’uko Nsanzabera abivuga.
Amoko ane yavagamo abagore babyara umwami:
- Abega
- Abasinga
- Abaha
- Abakono
Babanzaga kujya (kugana) ku barebakure, cyangwa se abapfumu, bakaraguriza ubwoko butahiwe kuvamo umugore uzabyara umwana uzaba umwami.
Kuraguza = Ni imyemerere ishingiye ku kwemera ko hari abantu bashobora kubona ibintu bitaraba
Nyuma bakaraguriza umuryango, ndetse bakaraguza bakamenya umukobwa kanaka wo muri uwo muryango ugomba kurongorwa n’Umwami uriho, bakagera kure bakaraguriza kumenya mu bana azabyara umuhungu uzazungura se ku ngoma.
Nsanzabera ati: “Icyo gihe wa mwana indagu zereje; yashoboraga kuba ari imfura, ubuheta cyangwa se bucura, iyo yavukaga nibwo bavugaga ngo wa mwana uzaba umwami yavukanye imbuto.
“Kuvukana imbuto si ukuvuka apfumbase imbuto nk’uko bamwe babitekereza, ahubwo bivuga umwana wavukanye umugisha akazaragwa ingoma.
“Iyo yamaraga kuvuka bamupfumbatishaga zimwe mu mbuto nkuru z’u Rwanda ari zo; uburo, amasaka, inzuzi, isogi, nk’ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko yavukanye umugisha ko ari we uzaragwa ubwami.”
Nsanzabera avuga ko uyu muhango wose ihame ari uko Umwami nta ruhare yawugiragamo. Ati: “Ni kimwe mu itandukaniro ry’iyimikabami b’u Rwanda n’ab’andi mahanga.”
Ku ngoro ye cyangwa ku iriba rya Nkotsi na Bikara
Umunsi nyirizina wo kwimika Umwami mushya wabaga ari uw’ibirori bikomeye mu gihugu. Umuhango wayoborwaga n’umwiru mukuru [Abiru ni abari bagize icyo wagereranya na guverinoma y’iki gihe], uwo yitwaga umwiru w’ijambo.
Nsanzabera ati: “Icya mbere cyakorwaga ni uko babagaga impfizi y’inka ingana mu myaka n’uko uwo mwami ugiye kwima angana. Uruhu rwayo rugategurwa bakarumwambika, barwitwaga umugangu. Maze imihango yo kumwimika igatangira.”
Inyandiko zitandukanye z’amateka zivuga ko abatware bose b’imisozi babaga batumiwe, imiryango y’umwami, inshuti, na rubanda rusanzwe rw’aho umuhango wabereye.
Umushakashatsi Nsanzabera avuga ko kwimika umwami byaberaga ku ngoro ye bitewe n’aho atuye. Abanditsi bandi bavuga ko hari imihango yo kwimika abami benshi b’u Rwanda yaberaga ku ishyamba rya Nkotsi na Bikara [ubu ni mu karere ka Musanze mu majyaruguru].
Aha hari iriba rifite amateka maremare, abanditsi bavuga ko Umwami wimye yabanzaga kurikarabamo, aho kandi akahaherwa indi mitsindo ajyana ku ngoro ye.
Si umutwa, si umuhutu, si umututsi
Nsanzabera avuga ko imihango y’iki gihe yo kwimika nk’abasenyeri, abapastoro… “burya ijya gusa n’iyo kwimika umwami, igitandukana ni imvugo z’ibyo babaturiraho n’ibyo bazamarira igihugu.”
Avuga ko umwiru w’ijambo mu magambo yabwiraga Umwami mu kumwimika yagira ati: “Ntabwo uje kugwiza abanzi b’u Rwanda uje kugwiza abarukunda, ntabwo uje kugwiza ibihuru n’inyamaswa uje kugwiza inka n’abana mu gihugu”.
Bati: “Uri Umwami, agatsinda nturi umutwa, nturi umuhutu, nturi umututsi uri umwana w’Imana wavukanye imbuto.”
Ibikoresho byakoreshwaga
Iyo ibyo byarangiraga, Nsanzabera avuga ko Umwami wimye bamwambikaga igisingo mu mutwe, ari cyo bitaga ikamba ry’umwami.
Barangiza bakamuhereza inyonga; iyo ni urwunge rw’ibimenyetso biranga ubwami. Ibyo ni bitatu;
- Ingoma ngabe; u Rwanda rwagize Rwoga na Karinga – iyi ngoma zabaga ari ikirango gikuru cy’igihugu
- Inyundo yitwaga Nyarushara - ivuze ko yacuze abami igahanga u Rwanda
- Ifumba y’umuriro - isobanura umuriro wa gihanga nawo usobanura ubumwe bw’abaturage, ubusugire bw’igihugu n’uburame bw’umwami, bavuga ko uzimye u Rwanda rwazima
Nyuma bakamuhereza Nyamiringa, iyo ni urusengo: igicurangisho cy’umuziki bise Nyamiringa gisobanuye icyizere cy’ahazaza, amahoro, ibitaramo, no kohera amahano.
Ibi bikoresho byose byakoreshwaga muri uyu muhango, Nsanzabera avuga ko byabikwaga ahitwa kwa Gihanga i Kayenzi [ubu ni mu murenge wa Cyeza mu karere ka Muhanga], aha ngo hari inzu ya Gihanga n’iya Cyirima.
Ati: “Ibyo bikoresho byose ntabwo baramvuraga [babazaga] ibishya, ahubwo byahoragaho.”
Umuhango wo kwimika nyirizina urangiye “hakurikiragaho gusangira no gutarama mu byishimo ko igihugu cyabonye umwami.”
Ibirori by'amezi atatu
Ibirori byo kwishimira umwami mu gihugu byizihizwaga mu birori by’ubwoko butatu, nk’uko Nsanzabera abivuga.
- Igitaramo nyizihizangoma cyo ku rwego rw’igihugu ari nacyo cyaberagamo uyu muhango wo kwimika umwami
- Igitaramo cy’umuryango, aho umukuru w’umuryango yamenyeshaga abawugize ko igihugu cyabonye umwami maze umuryango ugatarama
- Igitaramo cy’uburere mboneragihugu cyahuzaga imisozi aho umutware w’imisozi yakoranyaga abayituye ngo bishime batarame kuko igihugu cyabonye umwami
Nsanzabera ati: “Kuva hejuru mu bakomeye kugera ku muturage wo hasi bose bagerwagaho n’ibyo birori by’uko umwami yimye. Ibi birori byashoboraga kumara amezi atatu abantu batarama.”
Umwami yashoboraga kwimikwa undi akiriho
Nsanzabera avuga ko abami bimikwaga mu buryo butandukanye bitewe n’izina rya ba se.
Abami bitwa ba Kigeli na Mibambwe bari abami b’intambara bafite mu nshingano kwagura igihugu, “bityo bakaba bashobora gutanga [gupfa k’umwami] bitunguranye igihugu kikajya mu kaga ko kubura umugenga.”
Kubera iyo mpamvu bashoboraga kwimika umwami uzasimbura Kigeli cyangwa Mibambwe nabo bakiri ku ngoma.
Ati: “Urugero nka Rwabugiri yimitse umuhungu we Rutarindwa mu 1885, Rwabugiri atanga [apfa] mu 1895, urumva ko batwaranye igihugu imyaka 10 yose.”
Nsanzabera ati: “Naho [abami bitwa] ba Mutara na Cyirima bari abami b’inka, bo batabarizaga [gushyingura umwami] umwami ari uko bamaze gutangazwa nk’abazamuzungura.”
Rutarindwa yaje kurwanywa na bene se ndetse arapfa mu ntambara y’imbere mu gihugu izwi cyane yo kumaranira ubutegetsi yabereye ku Rucunshu [ubu ni mu karere ka Muhanga].
