Yigeze kunenga ba perezida ba Afurika bagundira ubutegetsi, none arashaka manda ya karindwi

Abanya-Uganda bari munsi y'imyaka 40, barenga bitatu bya kane by'abaturage bose b'iki gihugu. Aba nta wundi perezida bazi uretse umwe gusa: Museveni

Yoweri Kaguta Museveni yafashe ubutegetsi mu 1986 nyuma yo guhirika ubutegetsi bwariho. Kuva icyo gihe kugeza ubu ni we utegeka Uganda. Ku myaka ye 81, Perezida Museveni nta kimenyetso cy'uko ashaka kuva ku butegetsi agaragaza.

Igihe amaze ayobora igihugu cyaranzwe n'igihe kirekire cy'amahoro n'iterambere rifatika, ari byo bituma benshi bamushima.

Ku rundi ruhande, abamunenga bavuga ko yakomeje kugundira ubutegetsi akoresheje uburyo bwo gucecekesha abatavuga rumwe na we no guca intege inzego zigenga.

Yigeze kubwira BBC ati: "Ntitwizera igihe manda z'umukuru w'igihugu zigomba kumara," ibi yabivuze nyuma yo gutsinda amatora, kuri manda ye ya gatanu.

Umwaka wakurikiyeho, havanweho imyaka ntarengwa ku wiyamamariza kuba perezida, bikaba byaratumye benshi bemera ko byari bigamije guha Museveni inzira yo kuyobora igihugu ubuzima bwe bwose.

Urugendo rwa Museveni rwatangiye mu 1944, avukira mu muryango w'aborozi b'inka mu gace ka Ankole, mu majyepfo ashyira uburengerazuba bwa Uganda.

Museveni yakuze mu bihe Uganda yarwaniraga ubwigenge bwayo ku Bwongereza, bikurikirwa n'igihe cy'ubugome n'imvururu byatewe n'ubutegetsi bwa Milton Obote na Idi Amin Dada.

Mu myaka myinshi, Museveni ntiyari azi itariki y'amavuko ye. Mu nyandiko yanditse ku buzima bwe bwite, yagize ati: "Twari mu bibazo bikomeye byashyiraga ubuzima bwacu mu kaga nko kwicwa, gusahurwa, n'ibindi. Ntitwari dufite umwanya wo kwita ku bintu nk'ibyo by'amatariki y'amavuko."

Mu 1967, Museveni yavuye muri Uganda ajya kwiga muri kaminuza ya Dar es Salaam muri Tanzaniya, aho yize ubukungu n'ubumenyi bwa politiki, ahava ashimangiye umubano wihariye n'abanyeshuri bari bafite ibikorwa bya politiki baturukaga mu bihugu bitandukanye by'akarere.

Izina rya Museveni ryatangiye kumenyekana cyane mu myaka ya 1970, nyuma yo guhirika ubutegetsi bikozwe na Idi Amin na we wamamaye cyane muri Uganda.

Museveni yagize uruhare mu gushinga Front for National Salvation, imwe mu mitwe yitwaje intwaro yafashijwe na Tanzaniya mu guhirika Idi Amin.

Amin yari azwiho gukandamiza abatavuga rumwe na we no kwirukana Abanyaziya bari batuye muri Uganda.

Mu gihe cy'imyaka umunani Idi Amin yamaze ku butegetsi, bivugwa ko abantu bagera ku bihumbi 400 bishwe.

Perezida Museveni yabibwiye Global Indian Network mu kiganiro giheruka ati: "Amin yari umwe mu bari bashyigikiye ubukoloni, yari injiji kandi afite ubwirasi bukabije."

Nyuma y'ihirikwa rya Amin, Perezida wahozeho Milton Obote yagarutse ku butegetsi abinyujije mu matora rusange. Ariko Museveni yanze kwemera ko Obote ayobora, avuga ko ayo matora yibwe.

Mu 1981, yatangije intambara mu buryo bweruye, hashize imyaka itanu, umutwe we w'inyeshyamba, National Resistance Movement (NRM), ufata ubutegetsi maze Museveni aba umuyobozi w'igihugu atyo.

Ubukungu bwa Uganda bwatangiye kwiyongera buhoro buhoro, hanyuma mu myaka 10 yakurikiyeho, igihugu kigira umusaruro w'ubukungu uzamuka hejuru ya 6% buri mwaka.

Umubare w'abana bajya mu mashuri abanza wikubye kabiri, naho ubwandu bwa SIDA buragabanuka bitewe n'ubukangurambaga bwatangijwe na Museveni ubwe.

Museveni icyo gihe yari inshuti ikomeye y'ibihugu by'Uburengerazuba bw'Isi, ariko umubano ugenda uzamo agatotsi kuva mu 1998, ubwo Uganda n'u Rwanda binjiraga muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo gufasha inyeshyamba zarwanaga kugira ngo zihirike ubutegetsi bwariho.

Muri iki gihe kandi, abanyapolitiki n'abakurikiranira hafi ibibera muri Uganda batangiye kwinubira ko perezida agenda ahohotera abatavuga rumwe na we, ndetse akabima umwanya wo gutanga ibitekerezo bihabanye n'ibye. Ikindi bamunenga ni uko ashaje ariko akaba akomeje kugundira ubutegetsi.

Museveni ubwe yari yaravuze mu 1986 ko: "Ikibazo cya Afurika muri rusange, n'icya Uganda by'umwihariko, si abaturage ahubwo ni abayobozi bashaka kumara igihe kinini ku butegetsi."

Ariko mu 2005, ibyo yizeraga byarahindutse: itegeko nshinga ryahinduwe, rikurwamo umubare ntarengwa wa manda perezida yemerewe kumara ku butegetsi.

Mu 2017 nabwo, imyaka ntarengwa ku mukandida wiyamamariza kuba Perezida yakuweho.

Iki gikorwa cyakurikiwe n'imirwano n'akaduruvayo mu nzu y'inteko, aho abadepite barwanaga, bakanaterana intebe bapfa kutumvikana kuri iyi ngingo.

Museveni nawe yakunze gushinjwa kugabanya ubwigenge bw'inzego z'ingenzi z'igihugu. By'umwihariko, ubutabera bwa Uganda bwagiye buregwa ko bushyiramo abacamanza b'uturere (bakwitwa "cadre judges") bazwiho kuba hafi ya leta no kuyikorera.

Iyo abacamanza bafashe imyanzuro itari ku ruhande rwa leta, rimwe na rimwe bahita bajya mu makimbirane n'ubutegetsi.

Urugero, mu Ukuboza 2005, inzego z'umutekano zitwaje intwaro zateye Urukiko Rukuru rwa Kampala, zongera gufata abagize itsinda ryashinjwaga kurwanya igihugu, nyamara bari bamaze kugirwa abere ku byaha by'ubugambanyi.

Itangazamakuru na ryo ryagiye rigerwaho n'igitutu.

N'ubwo ku isura Uganda, ifite itangazamakuru ririmo imbuga n'amaradiyo menshi akora, incuro nyinshi ibitangazamakuru byaratewe, abanyamakuru bagahozwa ku nkenke bamwe bagatabwa muri yombi ndetse bagafungwa.

Icyagize uruhare rukomeye mu kuguma ku butegetsi kwa Museveni ni ugutesha imbaraga abashobora kumuhangara mu matora.

Iyo byabonekaga ko adateganya kuva ku butegetsi, bamwe mu bari inshuti ze batangiye kumuvamo, ariko icyo gihe, inzego z'umutekano zahise zitangira kubakurikirana.

Urugero ni Kizza Besigye, wo mu ishyaka Forum for Democratic Change, wari umuganaga wa Museveni. Yahatanye na we bwa mbere muri 2001.

Kuva ubwo, yakunze gufatwa no gushinjwa ibyaha kenshi.

Mu 2024, yaburiwe irengero i Nairobi, aza kuboneka hashize iminsi ine mu rukiko rwa gisirikare rwa Uganda.

Kugeza ubu aracyafunze aregwa ubugambanyi, ariko we arabihakana.

Umuhanzi wahindutse umunyapolitiki Bobi Wine ni we muri iyi minsi uhanganye na Museveni cyane, aho nawe ikomeje kuvugwa ko ahohoterwa n'ubutegetsi.

Uyu muyobozi w'ishyaka ritavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi afite imyaka 43, akaba amaze kubaka izina rikurura cyane urubyiruko, yagiye afatwa, agafungwa ndetse agashijwa ibyaha birimo no guhirika ubutegetsi, nyuma akaba umwere.

Mu 2021, polisi yarashe imyotsi iryana mu maso ndetse inakwiza imishwaro abari bamushyigikiye, ivuga ko bishe amabwiriza yo kwirinda Covid-19 abuza amakoraniro manini.

Muri iki gihe cyo kwiyamamaza, inzego z'umutekano zakoresheje "imbunda n'amazi y'amasasu" mu gusenya inama z'amahoro ndetse zinatwara abanyamuryango b'amashyaka atavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi mu modoka zitagira ibimenyetso, nk'uko raporo ya Loni ibivuga.

Mu buryo buteye ubwoba, Museveni yabwiye abaturage ko "umusirikare umwe agendana amasasu 120". Ariko nanone yategetse polisi kudakubita abafana b'abo mu mashyaka atavuga rumwe na we, ahubwo bagakoresha imyotsi iryana mu maso.

Abashyigikiye Museveni berekana ko igihugu gitekanye mu myaka myinshi amaze ku butegetsi ari cyo kimenyetso cy'intsinzi ye.

Emmanuel Lumala Dombo, umuvugizi wa NRM, mu kiganiro yagiranye na BBC, yavuze ko abantu barenga miliyoni 1.7 bimukiye muri Uganda bahunga amakimbirane mu bihugu byabo.

yagize ati "Imyaka 40 ishize, twari mu bihugu byoherezaga impunzi nyinshi mu bihugu bidukikije. Ubu Uganda ni yo yakira impunzi nyinshi muri Afurika."

Guverinoma ya Museveni kandi imaze iminsi ishyira imbaraga mu ishoramari rituruka hanze, igirana amasezerano n'ibihugu birimo Ubushinwa, Ubwongereza na Leta zunze Ubumwe z'Abarabu.

Avuga ko ashaka ko Uganda igera ku rwego rw'igihugu cyinjiza amafaranga ahagije bitarenze 2040.

Museveni yibona we ubwe nk'umuyobozi w'icyerekezo, ufite intego n'ubushake bwo guteza imbere urubyiruko.

Bobi Wine, ufite imyaka igera hafi mu cya kabiri cya Museveni, akomeje kugira ubushake bwo kotsa igitutu Museveni ariko kandi na we yagiye agaragaza ko akiri indahangarwa kandi akomeye.

Mu 2020, mu rwego rwo gushishikariza abantu gukora imyitozo mu gihe cya guma mu rugo, yafotowe akora siporo, atera imigeri hejuru (press-ups), kandi abyongera kenshi uwo mwaka harimo n'igihe yabikoreye imbere y'abanyeshuri basangiraga ibyishimo, kugira ngo yereke imbaga ko n'ubwo akuze ariko agifite imbaraga.

Yagiye anavuga ku buzima bwe kenshi, avuga mu mpera z'umwaka ushize ati: "Maze imyaka 40 ndi kumwe namwe. Hari igihe mwumvise ko najyanywe mu bitaro? Uretse igihe nafashwe na coronavirus iminsi 21."

Mu gihe Museveni akomeza gusaza, abamunenga bavuga ko igihugu akigize isambu y'umuryango we.

Bavuga ko umugore we Janet ari Minisitiri w'Uburezi, umuhungu we Gen Muhoozi Kainerugaba akaba Umugaba w'Ingabo, kandi n'umwuzukuru we aheruka kwinjira mu gisirikare muri Nyakanga, ibintu biboneka nk'ibikomeje kongerera imbaraga ububasha bw'umuryango wa Museveni.

NRM nta byinshi yavuze ku bijyanye n'uko izagenzura isimburana rya Museveni, ariko ibihuha byinshi bivuga ko Gen Kainerugaba w'imyaka 51 ari we ushobora kumusimbura.

Nibiramuka bibaye, bishobora gushyira mu kaga umurage wa Museveni wo kugarura umutekano.

Gen Kainerugaba azwiho kudahwema gutungurana no gutera urujijo cyane cyane ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.

uyu mugabo usa n'ufite amaraso ya gisore, yigeze gutangaza kuri X (Twitter) avuga aseka ko ashobora kugaba igitero muri Kenya, arakaza Etiyopiya ashyigikira Misiri mu makimbirane hagati y'ibihugu byombi, ndetse yemera ko yabikije mu nzu ye yo munsi (basement) umurinzi wa Bobi Wine.

Gusa kugeza ubu, nyuma y'imyaka hafi 40 ku butegetsi, Museveni yizeye ko azabona intsinzi ya karindwi.

Ubwo yagezaga ku banya Uganda ijambo risoza umwaka wa 2025 ribinjiza mu wa 2026 yagize ati: "Uganda ifite umutekano. Nimugende mutore. NRM ntishobora guhagarikwa."