Abana b’ibinege: Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ingaruka ku bana batagira abavukanyi

Ukwikunda, ukwiganza, umubano mubi, ishari, kumenyera guhabwa ivyo ashatse, si ivyo gusa, habamwo no kwama yashishwe.

Ikiza imbere kuri bo ni uko bazwi nabi. Ariko ivyigwa bitari bike vyerekana ko ibi atari vyo vyategerezwa kuranga abana b’ibinege, kandi ko abana b’ibinege ku mpande nyinshi badatandukanye n’abana bafise abavukanyi.

“Muri rusangi, ivyemezo ntibishigikira iciyumviro c’uko abana bakura ari ibinege hari ako babuze mu bijanye n’imibereho yabo mu kibano, ugereranije n’abana bafise abavukanyi”, bivugwa na Alice Goisis, umwigisha mu bijanye n’abantu (Demographics) mu kigo Center for Longitudinal Studies kuri kaminuza University College London.

Aba bana “bagereranywa n’abandi bafise abavukanyi ufatiye ku nyifato, umubano n’abavyeyi babo, ivyo bashitseko, ibibaryohera, hamwe n’ingene bamenyerana n’abandi”, nk’uko uno mushakashatsi abivuga.

Icigwa cakozwe na Goisis na bagenziwe cerekana ko ibindi bintu ngirakamaro vyo gufatirako mu kwihweza ingene abana bakura, nk’akarorero ingene umuryango wifashe mu bijanye n’ubutunzi canke ukungene abavyeyi babo bashoboye kwibeshaho.

Mu gihe ubushakashatsi bumwe bwerekana ubudasa, Goisis yerekana ko imvo zishobora gutuma haba ubudasa zivana n’imibereho, ko bidatumwa n’uko ari ikinege.

Goisis ati: “Nk’akarorero, twasanze mu Bwongereza, aho kuba umwana w’ikinege ari ikimenyetso ko aba yakuriye mu muryango usa n’uwifashe, aba bana muri kazoza wasanga bafise magara meza kunganya canke mbere kurusha ubw’abandi baba bakuranye n’abavukanyi babo.

“Muri Suwede (Sweden/ Suède) hoho, aho hari umuco ukurikizwa cane wo kuvyara abana babiri kandi ugasanga abana b’ibinege bavuka mu miryango itifashe, aba banyuma nibo muri kazoza usanga ari bo bagize amagara mabi gusumba mu buzima ”.

Ibi bisigura ko, kubera aho umuntu akuriye hafise ikibanza gikomeye, hakiyongerako ko abana b’ibinege bari ubwoko butandukanye, tutobafata nk’umurwi wabo ukwabo.

Akarusho

N’aho ingaruka mu bijanye n’ubumenyi hamwe no kubana n’abandi zishobora kuba ata kintu kinini zivuze, kandi zikanavana cane n’ubuzima umwana akuriyemwo, ibi ntibisigura ko tutokwihweza ubudasa hagati yabo.

Ingene mukurikirana mu muryango – uba umwana mukuru, wo hagati canke umuhererezi – ikibanza cose gifise ivyiza n’ibibi, nk’uko Linda Blair, umuhinga mu bijanye n’inyifato akorera mu Bwongereza, abisigurira BBC.

Kandi ico kibanza c'ingene mukurikirana mu muryango, gishobora gutanga akarusho canke ico kikwaka, nta tandukaniro bigira ku bana b’ibinege, n’aho “uno ari umurwi wagiye uhinduka cane mu myaka 40 canke 50 iheze”, (kandi ibi bisa n’ibiguma bimenyerrwa kurusha, nk'ivyavuye mu matora).

Bimwe mu nyungu Blair yabonye mu myaka irenga 40 yamaze akora ubushakashatsi, ni ubushobozi bw’ururimi usanga umwana w’ikinege afise.

Ati: "Ibi biri uko kubera uruhara abavyeyi bagira mu kwigisha ururimi, ata wundi mwana abaciramwo, ata bandi bana bo hanze bivangamwo, ibi navyo bikaba ari nkenerwa mu mezi 24 canke 36 ya mbere y’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe bw’umwana”.

Avuga kandi ko ibi biha akarusho kanini abana mu bijanye no kwiga.

Ku rundi ruhande, baramenya cane kwitunganya no gukoresha umwanya wabo w’akaruhuko, kuko iyo badafise benewabo canke bashiki babo, bategerezwa kwiga no guhitamwo bo nyene ico bawukoresha.

Blair arangiza avuga ko “biborohera kugiriranira imigenderanire n’abantu bakuze, kuko ni vyo bama barimwo igihe cose”.

Ingaruka

Ku rundi ruhande, kubaho ata bavukanyi umwana afise bishobora kumushira mu bihe atari vyiza.

“Hari ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko abavukanyi bashobora kugira uruhara rwo gukingira umwana iyo hari ibitagenda neza hagati y’abavyeyi i muhira, aho bashobora gufasha mu kugabanya ingaruka mbi zishobora guterwa n’akabonge”, niko Adriean Mancillas, umuhinga mu nyifato abibwira BBC.

Nico gituma Mancillas ashira ahabona akamaro ko kurondera abandi bantu baba hafi y’umwana hampande y’abavyeyi, nk’akarorero abagenzi canke incuti zo mu muryango wagutse.

Kimwe mu bibazo vyerekanwa na Blair ni ukubura ico yise “inzira nziza” ku bana b’ibinege. Blair ashaka kuvuga ubu bwenge “butuma umenya vuba vuba ico umuntu akwiye gukora kandi udashobora kuronka mu gihe utabana n’abandi bantu munganya imyaka”.

Ikindi kintu yerekana ni uko, kubera bamara umwanya munini ari bonyene, canke bari kumwe n’abantu bakuze, ntibamenya ingene bavyitwaramwo nk'abandi iyo iyo hadutse akajagari.

Blair ashimangira ko ibi ari ibintu biboneka muri rusangi, kandi ko, nk’uko twabivuze hejuru, ata bintu vyihariye bigaragaza umwana w’ikinege nk’umuntu adasanzwe.

Ariko nimba ubushakashatsi bushira ahabona ibivugwa ku bana b’ibinege, akenshi usanga bibaha isura atari nziza, kubera iki none bigoye kubikura mu mitwe y’abantu, hanyuma ubwa mbere ho ikibazo cavyutse gute?

'Ingwara ubwayo'

Ivyiyumviro bibi bivugwa ku bana b’ibinege vyatanguye mu mpera z’ikinjana ca 18 no mu ntango z’ikinjana ca 19, aho igisata citaho kwiga inyifato y’umwana cariko kirashinga imizi mu mashure nka kimwe mu vyigwa.

Umunyamerika G. Stanley Hall, umuhinga mu nyifato kandi yafashe iya mbere muri iki gisata, yasohoye inzandiko zitari nke zerekana ibintu vyinshi bivugwa n’imico n’imigenzo ku bana b’ibinege muri kino gihe.

Hall yashitse kure aho asigura ko umwana w’ikinege ari nk’”ingwara ubwayo”.

Inyuma y’aho gato, umunyamerika w’umuhinga mu nyifato Eugene Bohannon na we yagize ico aterera: ku mwihwezo wiwe, ukwitabwaho kudasanzwe kw’abavyeyi biwe gutuma umwana wabo w’ikinege “atihangana”, “atihanganira ibimugora”, “agira inyifato y’abakuze hataragera” kandi “atitaho ubuzima bw’abandi”.

Hagati aho, uwundi muhinga mu vy’inyifato, azwi cane gusumba Hall, yagize uruhara runini cane mu gukwiragiza amajambo mabi ku bana b’ibinege: uyu ni umunya-Autriche Alfred Adler nk’uko Mancillas abivuga.

Abwira BBC ati: “Adler yabaye umuhinga wa mbere mu nyifato yize akandika cane ku kungene abana bagenda bakurikirana hamwe n’ukungene inyubako y’umuryango igira ingaruka mu gukura kw’umwana.

“Mu nyandiko za Adler ku bo yakozeko ubushakashatsi bwiwe, aravuga nabi cane abana b’ibinege yakozeko ivyigwa, akavuga ko uretse ko aba bana bapfapfanye, n’abavyeyi bahisemwo kutavyara abandi bana nabo bonona inyifato y'umwana wabo w’ikinege”.

Umuyaga w’impinduka

N’aho ubuhinga uno mushakashatsi yakoresheje mu bushakashatsi bwiwe bwagizweko amakenga mu nyuma, ni ikintu kigoye gukura mu bantu.

Goisis abona ko ari ukubera ko umuryango ufise abana babiri ukiri ifatiro, ibi bigatuma umwana w’ikinege afatwa nk’ikintu kitari ica kamere, agaca afatwa nk’uko umengo aratandukanye n’abandi.

N’ubwo bimeze uko, ivyiyumviro ku bana b’ibinege biriko birahinduka cane bitewe n’ukungene kamere y’imiryango iriko irahinduka.

Mu gihe muri kahise kuvyara umwana umwe vyaboneka ko hari agahaze, “uno musi ibintu biratandukanye cane. Mu Bwongereza, nk’akarorero, 40% vy’imiryango ifise umwana umwe gusa, kandi vyitezwe ko gushika mu 2030, tuzoba tugeze ku 50% y’imiryango,” nk’uko Blair abivuga.

Ku bwa Mancillas, kuvuga kuri ibi bintu no kwereka abantu ivyavuye mu bushakashatsi nyavyo n’amakuru nyayo ni inzira nziza yo gushobora guhindura imbono z’abantu.

Ati: “Ni nako bimeze ku kindi cose kijanye no gufata umuntu ukutariko canke kwishiramwo ko ategerezwa kuba ateye uku canke kuriya.’’

“Iyo ivyo kwishiramwo umuntu ukutariko bigiye ahabona, aho niho dushobora gufatira mu gukosora ivyiyumviro bitari vyo ubundi bishobora kugirira nabi uwundi muntu canke uwundi murwi”.

Mancillas arangiza avuga ati: “Iyo ivyo tubikoze ku bana b’ibinege n’abavyeyi, bisigura ko amakuru akwiye ategerezwa kuboneka kugira abavyeyi bigirire icizere mu ngingo bafata zo kuvyara umwana umwe rudende”.