Kuki abakobwa barimo kwinjira mu bwangavu imburagihe?

Mu myaka za mirongo ishize, abahanga muri siyanse ku isi bakomeje guterwa impungenge n’ibimenyetso byerekana ko abakobwa bagenda binjira mu bwangavu imburagihe ugereranyije n’ibiragano byabanje.

Kuva ku gihe babonera imihango yabo ya mbere, kugera ku kumera amabere, izi mpinduka ziranga intangiriro y’ubwangavu birasa n’aho zirimo kugenda ziza mbere.

Urugero, bibarwa ko abakobwa bo muri Amerika uyu munsi batangira kujya mu mihango imyaka ine mbere kurusha abo mu myaka 100 ishize.

Muri Gicurasi (5), imibare mishya yerekanye ko abakobwa bavutse hagati ya 1950 na 1969 batangiye kujya mu mihango bari ku kigereranyo cy’imyaka 12.5, iyi myaka yaramanutse igera kuri 11.9 ku kiragano cyavutse mu ntangiriro z’imyaka ya 1990 na 2000.

Ibi byakomeje kuboneka n’ahandi ku isi.

Abahanga bo muri Korea y’epfo bavuze baburira (gutanga imiburo) ko uburyo umubare w’abakobwa bagaragaza ibimenyetso by’ubwangavu kare cyane – kumera amabere cyangwa kujya mu mihango batarageza imyaka 8 – wikubye inshuro 16 hagati ya 2008 na 2020.

Audrey Gaskins, umwalimu kuri Emory University i Atlanta muri Amerika, ati: “Turimo no kubona ko uku kugabanuka kw’imyaka yo kujya mu bwangavu kuri no kwigaragaza mu bo mu byiciro byo hasi mu bukungu, no mu moko ya ba nyamucye.

Audrey yongeraho ko ibi “bifite ingaruka z’igihe kirekire ku buzima”.

Abashakashatsi nka we bafite impungenge ko gutangira ubwangavu hakiri kare bishobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye mu gihe umuntu ari mukuru.

Amakuru (data) mashya avuga ko bitagabanya gusa igihe cy’uburumbuke, cyangwa ngo bibinjize mu gucura imbyaro hakiri kare gusa, ahubwo binagabanya igihe cyabo cyo kubaho.

Kujya mu bwangavu imburagihe bimaze guhuzwa kenshi no kwiyongera kw’ibyago by’indwara zirimo cancer y’amabere, cancer y’imirerantanga, n’ibindi bimenyetso nk’umubyibuho ukabije, diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa kabiri, n’indwara z’umutima.

Abahanga muri siyanse baracyashaka kumenya impamvu ibi bibaho, ariko Brenda Eskenazi, inzobere mu buzima bw’abantu yo muri University of California ivuga ko hari ubuhanga bumwe buvuga ko;

Iyo uturemangingo tw’umubiri duhuye mu gihe kirekire n’imisemburo y’igitsina nk’iyitwa estrogen, ibi bishobora kongera ibyago by’ibibyimba kuko iyo misemburo ubundi ituma uturemangingo dukura.

Eskenazi ati: "Hari izindi ngingo zigaragaza ko kumara igihe kirekire imisemburo irimo gukora byongera ibyago bya cancer zo mu myanya myibarukiro."

None kuki ibyo byaba ku mwana hakiri kare gutyo?

Kuva ku mubyibuho ukabije kugera ku myuka ihumanye

Gutangira ubwangavu guterwa no guhura/gukorana kwa ‘networks’ ebyiri mu mubiri zizwi nka hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) na hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG).

Izi zihuza agace ko mu bwonko kitwa hypothalamus, ari ko gashyira kuri gahunda imikorere y’ibanze y’umubiri, kuva ku kumva inzara ikurya, kugera ku gushyira umubiri ku gipimo cy’ubushyuhe gikenewe, gakoresheje imvubura z’imisemburo itandukanye.

Audrey Gaskins avuga ko kugeza mu myaka 10 cyangwa 20 ishize, abahanga muri siyanse bari bazi ko ikintu cyonyine gitera kujya mu bwangavu imburagihe ari umubyibuho ukabije mu bana, ko intungamubiri (proteins) zitwa adipokines zikorwa n’uturemangingo, zigira uruhare mu gukabura (stumulate) za HPA na HPG.

Audrey ati: “Vuba aha ni bwo byamenyekanye ko hari ibindi bintu bibitera.”

Inyigo nyinshi zakozwe mu myaka itatu ishize zagaragaje indi mpamvu, itunguranye itangaje: guhumana kw’umwuka duhumeka.

Byinshi kuri ubu bushakashatsi byakozwe n’abahanga bo muri Korea y’Epfo, mu mijyi ya Seoul, Busan, na Incheon iri mu mijyi 100 ya mbere ku isi ibamo imyuka ihumanye.

Inyigo iherutse gutangazwa na Ewha Womans University y’i Seoul yagaragaje ukwisubiramo gukomeye kw’isano hagati yo guhumeka imyuka ihumanye n’ubwangavu imburagihe.

Imwe mu myuka mibi byabonetse ko ibitera irimo sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide na ozone. Iyi yose igezwa mu kirere n’ibyuka imodoka zirekura hamwe n’imyanda n’imyuka biva mu nganda.

Mu 2022, inyigo yakozwe n’abahanga bo muri Pologne, igihugu kizwiho kugira umwuka mubi kubera ubwinshi bw’inganda zikoresha ingufu za ‘coal’, yarebye ku makuru (data) yavanywe ku bagore 1,257 maze isanga hari ihuriro ryo guhumeka iyo myuka ihumanye no kujya mu mihango ya mbere ku myaka 11.

Birashoboka ko impungenge zikomeye ari uduce duto tugize umwuka tuzwi nka particulate matter (PM), duto cyane ku buryo tutagaragara, ariko tuzamuka mu mwuka tuvuye ahantu bubaka, ku ngomero z’amashanyarazi, kuri moteri zikoresha ibitoro, imodoka, ndetse n’imihanda irimo ivumbi.

Mu Ukwakira (10) 2023, Audrey Gaskins na bagenzi be babonye ko abakobwa bo muri Amerika bahura n’ikigero cyo hejuru cya PM cya 2.5 – gisobanurwa nk’uduce dufite umurambararo wo munsi ya 2.5 μm – na PM10, baba bakiri mu nda za ba nyina cyangwa bakiri impinja, bagira ibyago byinshi byo kubona imihango ya mbere imburagihe.

Audrey Gaskins ati: “Uduce twa PM2.5 tubasha kwinjira mu maraso bitworoheye.

“Twinjira mu bihaha kandi ntabwo tuyungururwa nk’utundi duce tunini tuba turi mu mwuka, bityo tubasha kugera ku ngingo nyinshi imbere mu muntu.

“Twabonye ibipimo by’uduce twa PM2.5 twirunze mu ngobyi (placenta), mu mijyanantanga, no mu mirerantanga… Dushobora kugera mu bice byose.”

Inyigo zakozwe ku ruvange rw’uduce tugize umwuka twafashwe ahantu hafunze zerekanye ko ibinyabutabire bigize utwo duce bibasha kugera no gukora ku mvubura z’imisemburo yo gukura, cyane cyane iya androgen na estrogen.

Ibi bishobora gutuma habaho kwinjira mu bwangavu mbere y’igihe.

Ibicuruzwa biteye inkeke ku bana b'abakobwa

Gusa kandi, birashoboka ko hari ibindi bintu bitera iki kibazo ku bana b’abakobwa.

Audrey avuga ko ibimenyetso bishya bigendeye kuri PM2.5 n’ibindi bihumanya ari rumwe mu ngero z’uburyo ibinyabutabire biboneka mu bidukikije bishobora kwinjira mu mubiri wacu, bigakabura impinduka zikomeye mu mikorere y’imisemburo.

Ati: “Abakobwa binjiye mu bwangavu ni itsinda ryibasiwe cyane n’indi nzira irimo ibinyabutabire bihindura imikorere y’imisemuro, iyo ni ibicuruzwa byo kwiyitaho (care products).

“Ubu hari kompanyi nyinshi zireba cyane kuri iki kiciro cy’abantu kugira ngo bagure ibyo bicuruzwa byazo.”

Hejuru ya byose, Eskenazi avuga ko hari byinshi tutaramenya ku ihuriro ry’urusobe hagati y’imihindagurikire y’isi n’ingaruka zayo ku mikurire y’umwana.

Ati: “Ntekereza ko tukiri ku gatonyaga mu nyanja.

“Ntituramenya uko ubushyuhe bwiyongereye ku isi bugira ingaruka ku mihango y’abakobwa, cyangwa uruhare rw’imibereho y’iki gihe mu gushyira igitutu ku bana b’abakobwa ngo bakure vuba.

“Gusa iki kibazo [ubwangavu imburagihe] kiriho, kandi gishobora guterwa n’impamvu zinyuranye zirimo ibinyabutabire bihumanya biri mu mwuka, umubyibuho ukabije, n’ibibazo by’imitekerereze, bihura bikagabanya imyaka yo kwinjira mu bwangavu.”