Ni itegeko nyabaki ryo mu 1798 Trump ariko arisunga mu kwirukana abimukira?

Abanya-Venezuela barenga 200 bagirizwa n'ibiro vy'umukuru wa Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (Maison Blanche/White House) ko bari mu mirwi y'inkozi z'ikibi, birukanywe muri Amerika bajanwa mw'ibohero rinini cane rizwi rwose ryo muri El Salvador.

Kuri 261 birukanywe, 137 birukanywe kw'itegeko rizwi nka Alien Enemies Act (twogereranya n'itegeko bwirizwa rijanye n'abansi mvamahanga), nk'uko umwe mu bategetsi bakuru yabibwiye CBS News, ikimenyeshamakuru gikorana na BBC muri Amerika.

Iri tegeko rimaze ibinjana ni ryo ryakoreshejwe na Perezida Donald Trump. Yagiriza umurwi w'abaya-Venezuela uzwi nka Tren de Aragua (TdA) ko "wavogereye, ugerageza kuvogera, wongera utegura kuvogera" ubutaka bwa Amerika.

Hari sentare yo hasi yari yahagaritse vy'agateganyo izi ngingo zo kubirukana ku wa 15 Ntwarante (3), aho yavuze ko izi ngingo za reta zishingiye kuri iri tegeko zari zikenewe kubanza kwihwezwa.

Ariko mu cemezo c'ejo ku wa 7 Ndamukiza (4) cemejwe n'abacamanza 5 kuri 4, sentare ntahinyuzwa yarakuyeho iyo ngingo, ishigikira Trump, ariko isaba kandi ko vyokorwa hubahirijwe amategeko.

Iri tegeko ni nyabaki?

Itegeko Alien Enemies Act riha umukuru w'igihugu ca Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ububasha bwo gutegeka guhagarika no kwirukana imvukira canke abenegihugu b'igihugu c'"umwansi" atabanje gukurikiza inzira zisanzwe z'amategeko.

Ni itegeko ryemejwe mu rukurikirane rw'amategeko mu 1798 igihe Amerika yabona ko yari gushobora kwinjira mu ntambara n'Ubufaransa.

Iri tegeko rivuga ko "igihe cose hotangazwa intambara […] canke hakaba igitero cokorwa, cogeragezwa canke cotegurwa gukorwa" kuri Amerika, "abanyagihugu bose bo muri ico gihugu c'umwansi" bashobora "guhagarikwa, gupfungwa, gucungwa no kwirukanwa nk'abansi mvamahanga".

Hari ikindi gihe ryoba ryarigeze gukoreshwa?

Iri tegeko rimaze gukoreshwa incuro zitatu gusa muri kahise – kandi hose hari mu gihe c'intambara Amerika yari ifisemwo uruhara.

Ryaheruka gukoreshwa mu ntambara ya kabiri y'isi yose, igihe abanyagihugu bamuka mu Buyapani – bivugwa ko bababa 120.000 – bapfungwa bataburanishijwe. Ibihumbi n'ibihumbi barungitswe mu makambi yo kubacungereramwo.

Abanyagihugu bari bafise amamuko y'Ubudagi n'Ubutaliyano na bo nyene barugaranywe ico gihe.

Imbere y'aho, iryo tegeko ryakoreshejwe mu ntambara ya 1812 no mu ntambara ya mbere y'isi yose.

Trump avuga iki – abandi babivugako iki?

Nubwo ari bwo bwa mbere Trump akoresheje iri tegeko, si bwo bwa mbere arivuze.

Mw'ijambo yashikirije igihe yarahira mu kwa mbere, yavuze ko yari kurikoresha mu "kwirukana imirwi y'abasuma n'inkozi z'ikibi igeramiye Amerika".

Mu rwandiko yashikirije ku wa gatandatu, Trump yisunze amajambo ari muri iryo tegeko maze yagiriza TdA ko ishaka gukora "igitero" kuri Amerika.

Yatangaje ko abagize uno murwi ari bo "babazwa ivyo guhagarikwa kwabo, gupfungwa, kwugaranwa no kwirukanwa nk'abansi mvamahanga".

Iyi ngingo ya Trump iranegurwa n'abaharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu.

Ishirahamwe American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) ryaritwaye rirondera ko abo bantu batokwirukanwa hisunzwe ko Amerika itari mu ntambara.

Avugana na BBC ku wa Mungu, Lee Gelernt, umunyamategeko muri ACLU, yagize ati: "Nta nkeka ko iri tegeko ririko rirahonyangwa".

Umucamanza w'igihugu James Boasberg yaragerageje guhagarika ikoreshwa ry'iri tegeko mu kwirukana aba bantu, ariko Maison Blanche yavuze ko ivyo ata "shingiro bifise", kandi ko bari bamaze kwirukanwa.

Ibi vyatumye haba ugushamirana hagati y'uno mucamanza w'igihugu, asanzwe aba i Washington DC, hamwe na reta.

Boasberg yariyamirije inyishu y'ubutegetsi kuri iryo tegeko ryiwe avuga ko ari "inyishu itumvikana na gato", aca agabisha ko bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ari nka hamwe ubutegetsi bwa Trump bworenga kuri iri tegeko.

Aciye ku mbuga hwaniro, Donald Trump yishuye ko Boasberg akwiye kubogozwa, anamwita ko ari "umuntu arondera gusa kwiyerekana no gushimwa n'abandi".

Avuga ku nkuru yavuga kuri iri tegeko ry'uno mucamanza, Perezida Nayib Bukele wa El Salvador yanditse ku mbuga hwaniro ati: "Yayayaaa…yaracerewe".

Venezuela yaraneguye Trump kubona yarakoresheje iri tegeko, avuga ko "ryagiriza mu buryo butabereye abimukira b'Abanya-Venezuela nk'aho ari inkozi z'ikibi", kandi ko "ryibutsa ibihe bibi cane muri kahise ka kiremwa muntu, kuva ku gihe c'ubucakara gushika ku mabi y'agahomerabunwa y'Abanazi mu makambi y'urupfu".

Mw'itangazo, Katherine Yon Ebright, umuhanuzi mw'ishirahamwe Brennan Center for Justice, avuga ko ukuntu Trump yakoresheje itegeko rya Alien Enemies Act biteye kubiri n'amategeko.

Yongerako ati: "Imvo imwe yonyene yatumye yisunga iri tegeko ni ukugerageza gutanga uburenganzira bwo guhagarika no kwirukana Abanya-Venezuela mu kivunga, hisunzwe amamuko yabo, aho kwisunga ibikorwa vy'ubukozi bw'ikibi vyotegerezwa kubanza kwerekanwa imbere y'amategeko agenga abimukira".

Hagati aho, Trump wewe abona ko iyi ngingo ya sentare nkuru y'igihugu ari intsinzi, "umusi ukomeye ku bucamanza bwa Amerika".

Yanditse kuri Truth Social ati: "Sentare Ntahinyuzwa yashigikiye intwaro ishingiye ku mategeko mu gihugu cacu mu kwemerera umukuru w'igihugu, uwo ari we wese, gukingira imbibe z'igihugu cacu, no gukingira imiryango yacu n'igihugu cacu".

Abategetsi bajejwe abimukira bavuga ko aba bahagaritswe "bakozweko amatohoza yimbitse", kandi bigaragara neza ko bari mu mirwi y'inkozi z'ikibi imbere y'uko bajanwa muri El Salvador, mu masezerano hagati ya Amerika n'iki gihugu co muri Amerika yo hagati.

Ariko benshi mu birukanywe nta kintu na kimwe mu masentare ya Amerika cerekana ko ari inkozi z'ikibi, nk'uko vyemezwa n'umutegetsi wo mu gisata kijejwe abimukira.

Imiryango ya bamwe mu birukanywe yabwiye BBC ko aba bagabo bahagaritswe ku karenganyo mu ruhigi ku bimukira, kandi ko ari inzirakarngane.

Iyindi miryango itari mike nayo yemeza ko abirukanywe bitiranijwe n'inkozi z'ikibi kubera bari bafise ama-tattoos (ibicapo vyo ku mubiri).