Abahangara Vladimir Putin bazoherera he?

Perezida Vladimir Putin ubu ni umutegetsi ntajugumizwa w’Uburusiya. Abantu bose bamuvuze nabi, bamwe vyabaye ngombwa ko bata bakomoka, abandi nabo barapfungwa, abandi baricwa.

Igihe agomorera ingabo kuri Ukraine mu kwa kabiri 2022, hari haciye imyaka 20 hari utwigoro two kuzivya uwo wese amunegura, ivyatumye mu Burusiya ata migambwe itavuga rumwe n’uwuri ku butegetsi ibaho.

Mu myaka ya mbere y’intwaro yiwe, Perezida Putin yaciye atangura kuzibira abatunzi ruhebwa boba bari bafise intego za poritike mu gihugu.

Mikhail Khodorkovsky, umukuru w’ikompanyi ikomeye yimbura igitoro mu Burusiya, Yukos, yarahagaritswe mu 2003 inyuma yo gufata mu mugongo mu buryo bw’amafaranga imigambwe itavuga rumwe n’uwari ku butegetsi, aho yagirijwe ko kwinyegeza kugira ngo ntarihe amakori, akaba yaciye apfungwa imyaka cumi. Amaze kuva mw’ibohero, yaciye atungwa n’ayo yameze arahunga.

Uwundi mutunzi ruhebwa, Boris Berezovsky, ari mu bafashije Putin gushika ku butegetsi, yaracanyemwo nawe hanyuma aza gupfira mu Bwongereza mu 2013, aho bivugwa ko yiyahuye.

Ibimenyeshamakuru bikomakomeye mu Burusiya buke buke vyagiye bigenzurwa na reta kandi bigendera ku murongo wa Kremlin (ibiro vy’umukuru w’igihugu c’Uburusiya).

Alexei Navalny

Gushika kuri ino saha, umunyaporitike azwi cane mu Burusiya ko arwanya ubutegetsi bwa Putin ni Alexei Navalny, ari mw’ibohero akaba yaragirije Putin ko ariko arakwegera ibihumbi amajana n’amajana mu ntambara “y’ubugizi bwa nabi kandi y’ubugome”.

Mu kwa munani 2020, mu gihe yari mu rugendo muri Siberia, Navalny yahawe isumu ikoreshwa mu vya gisirikare, izwi nka "novichok". Iyi sumu habuze gato ngo imukureho. Inyuma y’aho, yaciye anyarukanwa mu Budagi kuvurirwayo.

Amaze gusubira mu Burusiya mu kwa mbere 2021, harabaye imyiyerekano y’abatavuga rumwe na reta, ariko ubwo nyene yaciye atabwa mu mvuto, yagirizwa magendo no kwinyegeza ubutungane. Yaciriwe umunyororo w’imyaka icenda.

Kuva mu 2010, Navalny yagize uruhara rudasanzwe mu myiyerekano yo kwiyamiriza reta. Ikirwanisho ciwe nyamukuru muri poritike, ikizwi nka "Anti-Corruption Fund" (AKF), kiramaze gukurikiranwa ku mbuga ngurukakabumenyi incuro ziharurwa mu mamiriyoni, amareresi yiwe akaba afise ntego yo gushira ahabona amabi akorwa na reta. Mu 2021, iri shirahamwe ryatangajwe ko ari iry’intagondwa, Navalny nawe agashimangira ko ivyo yagirizwa bifise intumbero ya poritke.

Abenshi mu bagenzi biwe baraturatujwe n’inzego zijejwe umutekano, biba ngombwa ko bamwe bahungira mu mahanga, harimwo Ivan Zhdanov yahoze arongoye ishure kaminuza KJU, Lyubov Sobol, mukuru w’igisata kijejwe amategeko muri AKF, kandi abategetsi hafi bose bakorana na Navalny barahunze.

Leonid Volkov, umugenzi pfa mpfe wa Navalny, yavuye mu Burusiya mu 2019 akaba yagirijwe kunyereza umutungo.

Ukwiyamiriza intambara

Uwundi mutegetsi akomeye ari mw’ibohero kubera kunegura Putin ni Ilya Yashin, yaneguye bikomeye intambara y’Uburusiya muri Ukraine. Mu butumwa yacishije ikibiriraho ku rubuga rwa Youtube mu kwa kane 2022, yasavye ko hoba amatohoza ku vyaha vyo mu ntambara vyakozwe n’ingabo z’Uburusiya, aca yita Putin “ikinywamaraso”.

Ubu butumwa yasohoye ikibiriraho bwatumye yagirizwa gukwiragiza “ibinyoma bikomeye” ku gisirikare c’Uburusiya aca ahanishwa umunyororo w’imyaka umunani n’inusu. Iki gihano caciye gishirwa mw’itegeko ryaciye ryemezwa bukwi na bukwi n’inama nshingamateka inyuma y’igitego kuri Ukraine ku wa 24 z’ukwa kabiri 2022.

Yashin yari yinjiye muri poritike mu 2000 afise imyaka 17 igihe Putin ashika ku butegetsi.

Mu 2017, inyuma y’imyaka itari mike ari mu bikorwa vyo kurwanya reta, yaratowe ngo arongore inama mpanuzwajambo y’akarere ka Krasnoselsky i Moscou kandi yabandanije ashikiriza ivyiyumviro vyo kunegura Kremlin.

Mu 2019, yamaze igihe kirenga ukwezi kumwe mw’ibohero inyuma y’uruhara rukomeye yagize mu myiyerekano yo kwiyamiriza ingingo yo kwanka kwakira abakandida bigenga n’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi mu matora y’abashingamateka b’igisagara ca Moscou.

Umumenyeshamakuru yize kw’ishure kaminuza rya Cambridge akongera akaba mu ba haranira uburenganzira bwa muntu Vladimir Kara-Murza yarahawe isumu mu buryo butangaje incuro zibiri, mu 2015 na 2017 no kuraba araraba (coma). Mu kwa kane 2022 yarahagaritswe inyuma yo kunegura igitero c’Uburusiya kuri Ukraine, ubu akaba yagirizwa gukwirakwiza ibinyoma ku gisirikare c’Uburusiya, gutegura ibikorwa “vy’umuhari utemewe”, hamwe n’ubuhemu.

Nk’uko bivugwa n’umushingwamanza wiwe, mu gihe yokwagirwa n’icaha, ashobora gupfungwa gushika mu myaka 25.

Yaranditse inkuru nyinshi zinegura Putin mu binyamakuru bizwi cane mu Burusiya no mu bihugu vy’uburengero. Mu 2011, Yarafashe iya mbere mu twigoro tw’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi basaba Uburengero gufatira ibihano abagirizwa ihonyangwa ry’agateka ka zina muntu mu Burusiya.

Ibi bihano vyafashwe n’ibihugu bitari bike vy’Uburengero vyiswe "Magnitsky Law" inyuma y’aho umunyamategeko Sergei Magnitsky apfiriye mw’ibohero mu 2009 inyuma yo kwagirizwa icaha ca magendo.

Urugamba rw’intwaro rusangi

Kara-Murzayari kandi icegera c’umukuru w’ishirahamwe riharanira intwaro rusangi “Open Russia”, ryashinzwe n’uwari umutunzi ruhebwa Mikhail Khodorkovsky. Mu Burusiya, iri shirahamwe ryariyamirijwe ku mugaragaro riza kwugarwa mu 2021. Andrey Pivovarov, umukuru wa "Open Russia", ari mu munyororo w’imyaka ine ku caha co “kuba mu muhari utemewe n’amategeko".

Kara-Murza ashobora gupfungwa igihe kirekire, kandi aracariho, ariko siko vyagendeye umugenzi wiwe wa hafi cane, Boris Nemtsov akaba yari arongoye uruhande rukomeye rw’abatavuga rumwe na reta..

Imbere y’uko Putin ashika ku butegetsi, Nemtsov yabaye buramatari w’intara ya Nizhny Novgorod, umushikiranganji w’amasoko ntanganguvu, hanyuma aba icegera c’umushikiranganji wa mbere, akaba mbere yaranatowe mu nama nshingamateka y’Uburusiya. Mu nyuma yahavuye atangura kuvuga nabi Kremlin, asohora n’inkuru zitari nke zinegura Vladimir Putin, anayobora imyiyerekano yo kumurwanya.

Ku wa 27 z’ukwa kabiri 2015, Nemtsov yararashwe amasasu ane igihe yariko arajabuka ikiraro c’imbere ya Kremlin, hari haciye amasaha make atumyeko imyiyerekano yo kwiyamiriza igitero c’Uburusiya kuri Ukraine mu 2014.

Abantu batanu bafise amamuko yo muri Tchétchénie baraciriwe imanza kw’igandagurwa rya Nemtsov ariko gushika ubu nta wuzi uwatanze itegeko ryo kumurasa n’igituma. Imyaka indwi inyuma y’urupfu rwiwe, amatohoza yerekana ko amezi make imbere y’igandarurwa ryiwe Nemtsov yakurikiranwa aho aciye hose n’umukozi wa reta afitaniye isano n’igandarurwa ryiwe.

Aba ni bamwe mu batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bw’Uburusiya bahizwe buhongo.

Mu mwaka uheze, kubera igitero Uburusiya bwakoze kuri Ukraine, ibimenyeshamakuru vyigenga nka "Meduza" na "Novaya Gazeta", hamwe kandi n’imboneshakure "Dozhd", vyabaye ngombwa ko bihungira mu mahanga. Ibindi, nk’akarorero iradiyo "Echo Moskvy" vyarugawe.

Abamenyeshamakuru batari bake, nka Alexander Nevzorov, umunyamakuru yubashwe yagirijwe ko “akorana n’abanyamahanga mu Burusiya kandi ko yakwiragiza ibinyoma ku gisirikare c’Uburusiya, hanyuma agakatirwa umunyororo w’imyaka umunani, yarataye aromoka.

Ariko si ngombwa ngo ube ufise amamiriyoni bakwumviriza kugira ngo ufatwe. Mu kwa gatatu 2023, Dmitry Ivanov, umunyehure mu gisata c’ibiharuro yari afise urubuga rwo kuri Telegram rurwanya intambara, nawe nyene yaraciriwe umunyororo w’imyaka umunani n’inusu yagiriwe n‘icaha co gukwiragiza “amakuru y’ibinyoma” ku gisirikare.

Ico gihe nyene, Alexey Moskalev yahawe umunyororo w‘imyaka ibiri kubera yashikirije iciyumviro gitandukanye ku mbuga hwaniro inyuma y’aho habereye amatohoza ku gishusho cakozwe n’umukobwa wiwe w’imyaka 13 kw’ishure, ciyamiriza intambara.

Vladimir Putin vyamusavye imyaka irenga 20 kugira ngo ashike ku ntego yiwe yo gutuza umuntu wese yoshobora kumuhangara. Nimba uwu ari wo mugambi yari afise, yarawushitseko.