Rwanda: Akangononwa n'ibyishimo kuri bamwe ku bamaze imyaka batuye ku birwa basabwa kubyimukaho

Leta y'u Rwanda ivuga ko bitarenze mu mwaka wa 2028, bimwe mu birwa bizaba byimuweho abaturage bigahindurwa pariki izitwa pariki y'igihugu y'ibirwa cyangwa bigashyirwaho ibikorwa remezo byiyambazwa mu bukerarugendo nk'amahoteli.

Ibirwa bivugwa ni ibifite ubuso butoya cyane, ibifite inyamaswa cyangwa se ibindi binyabuzima bitakiboneka henshi. Hari kandi n'aho bidashoboka ko hagezwa ibikorwa remezo kubera imiterere yaho.

Byinshi mu birwa birebwa n'iki cyemezo biri mu kiyaga cya Kivu kigabanya u Rwanda na Republika ya Demokarasi ya Congo.

Abaturage bagera ku 8,000 bo ku birwa birenga 10 bitezwe kubyimukaho.

BBC yasuye bimwe muri ibi birwa iganira n'abaturage basabwa kwimuka. Biteguye bate?

Hari aho batangiye kwimuka ariko bakaba bavuga ko bitaboroheye kwibona mu buzima bwo mu gihugu nkuko babivuga.

Ikirwa cya Gihaya

Iki ni ikirwa kiri mu karere ka Rusizi mu murenge wa Gihundwe, mu majyepfo ashyira uburengerazuba bw'u Rwanda. Kiratuwe cyane kuko gifite abaturage 1256 ku buso bwa hegitari 140.

Benshi batunzwe n'imirimo y'uburobyi no gukora indi mirimo yo mu mazi nk'ubwikorezi bw'ibicuruzwa. Nubwo benshi bavuga ko batazi guhinga, hari bacye bahinga ku butaka butoya bafite.

Nta muhanda uhari, nta mashanyarazi, ndetse n'amashuri ahari agarukira ku mwaka wa gatatu w'amashuri abanza. Hafite ubwiza nyaburanga ariko ubutegetsi buvuga ko hadashobora guturwa kubera ko ari hato cyane kandi abahatuye biyongera cyane.

Icyemezo cyafashwe ni uko abaturage bagomba kuhimurwa, hakabisa ibikorwa bikurura ba mukerarugendo nk'amahoteli.

Umubyeyi witwa Mama Jani (Jeanne) twahuriye ku mwaro wa Gihaya avuye guhahira i Rusizi. Ku bijyanye n'uko yakiriye icyemezo cyo kwimuka ku kirwa cya Gihaya, agira ati:

"Kwimuka byo twamaze kubyemera ahubwo ikibazo gisigaye ni uko bataduha amafaranga atuma dushobora kujya gutura mu gihugu."

"Abana bacu barakura, ejo nibatubaza aho gutura tuzababwira iki? Kwimuka ntitubyanze ariko baduhe ingurane ituma tubasha kubona ahandi dutura."

Martin Bungwanubusa na we atuye ku kirwa cya Gihaya, aho abeshejweho n'umwuga w'uburobyi ariko akanyuzamo agakora n'ubucuruzi buciriritse. We avuga ko adashobora kwemera kuva ku kirwa cya Gihaya kuko asanga abamusaba kwimuka batitaye ku mibereho y'umuryango we.

Ati: "Baraduha miliyoni imwe cyangwa ebyiri ukayoberwa aho uzajya gutura ufite ayo gusa. Ikirwa cyacu kibarirwa mu murenge wa Gihundwe kandi ni mu mujyi. Nibadukure hano ariko baduhe amafaranga yo kujya gutura ahandi ariko mu mujyi."

Ikibazo cy'imico yihariye

Aha ku kirwa cya Gihaya baracyafite imico itandukanye n'iyo bazasanga imbere mu gihugu. Biragoye kubona umugabo ufite umugore umwe kandi abagore bagahurira mu nzu imwe.

Ikibazo cy'abana benshi na cyo kirigaragaza mu miryango itari micyeya.

Iyi ngo ni imwe mu mpamvu ituma hari abadashaka kwimuka kuko basanga byabagora gukomeza ubuzima babagaho ndetse no gushobora gutuza mu Rwanda, nkuko babivuga, imiryango igizwe n'abantu benshi.

Charlotte Iradukunda ni umukobwa utarashaka ariko uvuga ko ikibazo cy'ubuharike kiri mu byo abona bikomereye abatuye iki kirwa.

Ati: "Umuntu aba afite agasambu gatoya karimo abana benshi n'abagore babiri cyangwa batatu... Iyo yumvise umushoramari, yifuza kumuca menshi kugira ngo abone ayo asaranganya mu bibazo afite. Kwimura abagore babiri n'abana babo kugira ngo ubone aho ubatuza hakurya bizaba ikibazo."

Ntiborohewe n'ubuzima

Nubwo hari abadakozwa ibyo kwimuka, imiryango igera kuri 60 yamaze kuva ku kirwa cya Gihaya yimukira imbere mu gihugu.

Joseph Nduwimana ni umwe mu bamaze kwimuka, ubu atuye mu murenge wa Nkanka w'akarere ka Rusizi. Twahuriye ku kirwa cya Gihaya yagiye gushakisha ubuzima kuko aho yimukiye ubuzima bukimugoye.

Agira ati: "Naragurishije kugira ngo njye gushaka aho gutura hakiri kare n'abana babe bamenyera. Ariko ubuzima bwarangoye kuko ayo nagurishije naguzemo aho ntuye ahita ashira. Ndacyaza gushakishiriza hano ku kirwa kuko nabuze igishoro ngo ngire ikindi nakora."

Nduwimana avuga ko yimutse byarangiye ariko ko leta ikwiye kugira icyo ikora ku baturage bakiri ku kirwa. Ikabafasha kugurisha badahenzwe ndetse aho bishoboka ikabubakira kuko bitoroshye kubona aho kuba uri umwimukira.

Ikirwa cya Bugarura

Bugarura ni ikirwa kibarizwa mu murenge wa Boneza w'akarere ka Rutsiro, mu burengerazuba bw'u Rwanda. Ni ikirwa kibeshejweho n'ibikorwa by'uburobyi kuri bamwe ariko kinakungahaye ku gihingwa cya kawa ihera ku bwinshi.

Iki ni ikirwa gituwe n'abaturage barenga 2300 bari ku buso bwa hegitari zirenga 126.

Muri Kamena (6) uyu mwaka, Umunyamabanga wa leta muri minisiteri y'ubutegetsi bw'igihugu Marie Solange Kayisire yabwiye inteko ishingamategeko y'u Rwanda, umutwe wa sena, ko ikirwa cya Bugarura "kiri muri bicye byakomeza guturwaho, abateye imbere bakajya bahimuka" buhoro buhoro.

Kuri iki kirwa ubuzima burashoboka kuko kiriho bimwe mu bikorwa nkenerwa nk'ivuriro riciriritse, amashuri abanza ndetse n'icyiciro cya mbere cy'amashuri yisumbuye.

Banafite urusinga ruto ruhageza umuriro w'amashanyarazi ruyambukije ikiyaga cya Kivu.

Gusa nta muhanda uhari dore ko nta n'ikinyabiziga gihari yaba imodoka cyangwa se n'ipikipiki.

Uburyo bwonyine bwo gutwara abantu n'ibintu ni ubwo mu mazi, hifashishijwe ubwato butoya bw'ibiti.

Icyambu cyaho ni gitoya cyane kandi nta n'ubwo gitunganyije kuko nta n'amato manini ahahagarara.

Jackson Bapfakurera ni umurobyi, uretse ko anyuzamo agakora n'indi mirimo nk'ubuhinzi, cyakora bwo ntabukunda.

Ku gitekerezo cyo kuba yakwimuka ku kirwa cya Bugarura, ngo yacyemera by'amaburakindi.

Ati: "Twahava ari itegeko rya leta ariko sinaba nishimye.

"Iyo umurobyi yaraye mu mazi hari igihe afatisha [agira icyo ageraho]. Icyo gihe umuryango we ubaho neza. Bitandukanye n'uwirirwa ahinga agakorera ibihumbi bibiri cyangwa bitatu gusa."

Hari agace k'ubucuruzi buciriritse bise "Kenya" kabonekamo ibiribwa byiganjemo ibyera hano ndetse na bicyeya bituruka mu karere ka Rutsiro nk'ibirayi.

Usangamo nk'imyumbati, amateke, ibijumba n'imboga kandi byose byera kuri iki kirwa.

Nubwo abaturage baho bavuga ko hari byinshi bikibura ngo biyumve nk'abagezweho n'iterambere, hari abatari bacye – nk'uvuga ko na we yitwa Mama Jani – ubona bishimiye ubuzima bwo kuri iki kirwa.

Agira ati: "Ubuzima kuri iki kirwa buroroshye kubera ko duhinga kandi tukeza ikawa nyinshi. Gusa bibaye ngombwa bakaduha ingurane ikwiye y'imitungo yacu, nibaza ko abaturage benshi batakwanga kwimuka."

Utereye ijisho hakurya, aho bo bita mu gihugu (Mainland), ubona uruhererekane rw'amahoteli azamurwa. Bidasabye gutekereza cyane, biboneka ko aba bashobora no kuzaba bageze no kuri iki kirwa mu gihe kitari kirekire.

Aya mahoteli ategereje ba mukerarugendo bazasura ibi birwa bicumbikiye amoko menshi y'inyoni, inzoka n'izindi nyamaswa ntoya nk'inkende, hakaba kandi n'amoko menshi y'ibimera bitaboneka ahandi imbere mu gihugu.

Ikirwa cya Munanira

Iki ni ikirwa gito cyane kiri mu kiyaga cya Burera mu ntara y'amajyaruguru, gifite ubuso bwa hegitari 5 kikaba gituwe n'abaturage 104 bo mu miryango 26.

Ni ikirwa gifite ubwiza nyaburanga urebye aho giteretse ariko kiri mu manegeka. Ubuhaname bwacyo bigaragara ko bubangamiye imibereho y'abaturage kuko no kukigendaho ubwabyo bisaba kwigengesera.

Abahatuye batunzwe n'umusaruro w'ubuhinzi wiganjemo ibikomoka ku rutoki n'ibinyampeke.

Nta terambere rihari kuko nta gikorwa remezo cyari cyahagezwa.

Ubutegetsi buvuga ko budashobora gushyira ibikorwa remezo ahantu hagaragara ko hatabereye guturwa. Ahubwo bugashishikariza abahatuye kwimuka bakajya kwegera abandi imbere mu gihugu.

Nta shuri riboneka kuri iki kirwa, abana bagomba kwambuka ikiyaga cya Burera kugira ngo bajye kwiga imbere mu gihugu.

Uburyo bwo kugenda muri aya mazi ni ubwato butoya bw'abaturage butizewe umutekano ndetse akenshi hakavugwa impanuka zihitana ubuzima muri iki kiyaga.

Ariko nubwo ubuzima bugoye, hari bamwe mu bahatuye badakozwa ibyo kwimurwa. Umwe muri bo ni umusaza Gerivazi (Gervais) Gasana w'imyaka 71.

Yabwiye BBC ati: "Twava aha se tugatungwa n'iki? Ba data na ba sogokuru [bari] batuye kuri iki kirwa. Ibyiza ni uko baturekera aha, aho kugira ngo tujye kwicwa n'inzara cyangwa ngo dusabirize kandi dushaje."

Ariko iki gitekerezo ntagihuje na bose nubwo ubona buri wese amuha icyubahiro nk'umukuru muri bo.

Abagore ni bo benshi basanga bishobotse bakwimurwa bakajyanwa aho kwivuza bishoboka. Abo ni nka Serafina (Séraphine) Ntawumenya, w'imyaka 46, wari urimo asarura ibishyimbo.

Ati: "Kugera kwa muganga ni ikibazo kitugora cyane. Nk'umugore utwite, ubu ikidufasha ni uko twakura [duhamagara] marine [polisi yo mu mazi] ikaba ari yo imutwara mu Gitare [ahari ikigo nderabuzima] hakurya y'amazi...

"Abana bajya kwiga ari uko bakoresheje ubwato ariko na byo birahenze cyane. Benshi barivamo [ishuri] batararenza umwaka wa gatatu w'amashuri abanza."

Leta y'u Rwanda ivuga ko aba baturage bakwiye kwemera kwimurwa kuko ubuzima budashoboka kuri iki kirwa.

Minisiteri y'ubutegetsi bw'igihugu ivuga ko igishoboka ari ukubimurira ahegereye ibikorwa remezo nk'imihanda, amashuri, amavuriro n'ibindi, ariko nta cyo igaragaza gifatika ku buryo bwo kubafasha kubaho mu buzima bushya hanze y'ikirwa.

Sharita na Mazane

Ikirwa cya Sharita, kiri ku buso bwa hegitari 90, kiri mu kiyaga cya Rweru, na ho ikirwa cya Mazane kiri ku buso bwa hegitari 64. Byombi biri mu murenge wa Rweru, mu karere ka Bugesera, mu majyepfo ashyira uburasirazuba bw'u Rwanda.

Ikirwa cya Mazane kiri mu kiyaga cya Cyohoha, kikaba kiri ku rutonde rw'ibizimurwaho abaturage kugira ngo babise ibikorwa bijyanye n'ubukerarugendo.

Ikirwa cya Sharita na cyo ni kimwe mu bigomba kwimurwaho abaturage ndetse hari imiryango myinshi yamaze kuhavanwa. Imiryango 210 yatujwe mu mudugudu wa Rweru, naho indi 162 ituzwa mu mudugudu wa Kivura.

Baratujwe ariko ikibazo kibakomereye ni icyo kubona amasambu yo guhinga muri aka gace kagaragaramo ikibazo cy'amasambu muri rusange.

Isaac Musabyimana yagize ati: "Baratwimuye baduha amazu meza. Twarabashimye ariko se inzu wayirya? Ni ukujya gushakisha aho twari dutuye ku kirwa kuko baracyabitwemerera ariko kenshi bisarurwa n'abandi cyangwa se n'imvura itaba nziza tugatahira aho [ntitugire icyo dusarura]."

Ikibazo cy'imirimo ku rubyiruko rwimuwe ku birwa na cyo kivugwa mu bikomereye aba banyagihugu.

Umuturage witwa Jean d'Amour Manirakiza ukora umwuga w'ubuhinzi no gutwara abagenzi mu bwato avuga ko hatagize igikorwa vuba, icyo cyazabyara ingorane zikomeye mu bihe biri imbere.

Ati: "Abana bacu nibabafashe babigishe imyuga kugira ngo bazabashe kwirwanaho mu buzima bw'imbere mu gihugu. Bitabaye ibyo, twaba turi kurera amabandi yo mu gihe kiri imbere."