Ukraine - Imyaka ibiri y'intambara: 'Nta yandi mahitamo nari mfite uretse gusubirayo'

“Ndasubirayo nsange iki?”

Muri Nzeri (9) ishize, Haifa Juna, umunyeshuri wa kaminuza wo muri Tanzania, yibajije iki kibazo inshuro nyinshi.

Nubwo yari afite ubwoba, uyu munyeshuri mw’ishami ry’ubuvuzi w’imyaka 23 yafashe icyemezo gikomeye cyo gusubira muri Ukraine yashwanyaguwe n’intambara ngo arangize amasomo ye.

“Nta yandi mahitamo nari mfite. Nubwo nashidikanyaga…Twabonye mu makuru ko imirwano yari ikomeje. Rero, ntabwo nari nzi neza icyo nzasanga”, ni ko avuga.

Muri uku kwezi imyaka ibaye ibiri kuva Uburusiya buteye Ukraine. Kuva muri Gashyantare (2) 2022, abasivile barenga 30,000 barishwe, gusa nk’uko bivugwa n’ubutumwa bw’ishami rya ONU ryita ku burenganzira bwa muntu muri Ukraine imibare nyakuri ishobora kuba iri hejuru cyane.

Iyi ntambara yatumye miliyoni z’abantu bava mu byabo, imijyi n’ibyaro birasenyuka ndetse n’ibikorwa remezo by’ingenzi.

Kimwe n’abandi banyeshuri benshi bavuye hanze, Haifa yagize ubwoba ubwo intambara yatangiraga maze ahungira mu gihugu gituranyi cya Hungary.

Byafashe amezi kumvisha umuryango we muri Tanzania ngo wemere icyemezo cye cyo gusubira muri Ukraine.

Ati: “Nashoboraga gukurikira amasomo ‘online’ ndi muri Tanzania, kandi nari narangije igice cy'inyigo zo mu bitabo (théorie). Kugira ngo ndangize, nagombaga kuba ndi ku ishuri nkakora igice cy'ibikorwa n'amaboko (pratique).

“Umuryango wanjye wari umaze gutanga amafaranga menshi kuburyo ntari gutangira bushya ahandi. Kandi sinashoboraga kwicara gusa ngo ntegereze ko intambara irangira.”

Haifa ubu ari mu mwaka wa kane w’ubuvuzi muri Sumy State University mu majyaruguru ashyira uburengarazuba bwa Ukraine. Biteganyijwe ko azarangiza mu 2027 kandi yizeye kuba muganga wanononsoye mu kuvura abagore.

Ikigo cya Ukraine, State Centre for International Education (USCIE), kivuga ko kidafite amakuru nyayo ku mubare w’Abanyafurika bigayo bagarutse.

Mbere y’intambara, hari abanyeshuri bagera ku 16,000 bo mu bihugu bya Africa biga muri Ukraine.

Ubu, hari abanyeshuri bava muri Africa bagera ku 5,500 banditse muri kaminuza zo muri Ukraine nk’uko imibare y’ikigo cyaho Unified State Electronic Database on Education, ibivuga. Muri abo, abagera ku 3,950 bava muri Maroc na Nigeria, mu gihe abava muri Tanzania ari abanyeshuri 49.

Mu nyandiko, umuvugizi wa USCIE yabwiye BBC ko buri munyeshuri ku giti cye ari we ufata icyemezo cyo kugaruka kwiga muri Ukraine. Ati: “Za kaminuza zirimo gukora ibishoboka ngo kampisi n’amashuri yazo biba bifite aho kwikinga za bombe kandi no kwiga bajyayo banari mu rugo byose biba biri ku rwego rwiza.”

Kuri Haifa, kuri kampisi nkuru ya kaminuza ye i Sumy, “ubu turimo kwigira ‘online’ gusa. Kaminuza ivuga ko kwigira kw’ishuri bizatangira vuba, mu gihe abanyeshuri benshi bitegura kugaruka.”

USCIE ivuga ko mu gihe intambara ikomeje bishoboka ko uburyo bwo kwiga buzajya buhindagurika ku banyeshuri bo mu mashuri makuru, kandi ko kaminuza n’abanyeshuri bazo ari bo ubwabo bazajya bahitamo ikibafasha.

Umuvugizi wa USCIE ati: “Amashuri makuru yose yavanywe by’agateganyo mu bice byafashwe ajyanwa mu mijyi itekanye hagati no mu burengerazuba bwa Ukraine.”

Ingorane z'abari kwiga ahandi

Bitandukanye na Haifa, gusubira muri Ukraine ntabwo byabaye amahitamo ku banyeshuri benshi bava muri Africa.

Ubwo intambara yatangiraga hari abanyeshuri bagera ku 16,000 bava muri Africa bigaga muri kaminuza zitandukanye muri Ukraine.

Bikekwa ko abagera ku 10,000 bahunze iki gihugu. Benshi muri bo baracyashidikanya gusubirayo.

Mu gihe bamwe basubiye mu bihugu byabo, hari abandi bagumye mu bihugu by’i Burayi – mu Buholandi, Portugal na Finland – aho babashije gukomereza muri kaminuza zaho amasomo bigiraga muri Ukraine.

Ariko nyuma y’imyaka ibiri, Temporary Protection Directive – ingingo yo mu muryango w'Ubumwe bw'Uburayi ibemerera gukomeza kwiga aho – irimo irarangiza igihe.

Mu Buholandi ibi bivuze ko nyuma ya tariki 04 Werurwe, abanyeshuri bo muri Africa bazasaba visa yo kwiga kugira ngo bakomeze bige, nk’uko bivugwa na minisiteri y’umutekano n’ubutabera yaho.

Ibi ni inkuru iteye akababaro Aisha, umwe mu banyeshuri 17 bigaga muri Ukraine bava mu kindi gihugu ubu biga muri kaminuza zo mu Buholandi.

Aisha w’imyaka 25 nawe yiga amasomo y’ubuvuzi kandi ari mu gihembwe cya nyuma mbere yo gusoza.

Mu gihe Aisha atahabwa visa y’umunyeshuri, ashobora gusubira muri Nigeria aho avuga ko adashobora kubasha gukomereza icyiciro yari agezeho.

Aisha avuga ko yugarijwe no kubura byose, kuko gusubira mu gace karimo intambara atari amahitamo kuri we.

Uyu mukobwa udashaka kuvuga amazina ye yose ku mpamvu ze bwite ati: “Murashaka ko tujya he? Ntibishoboka kutubwira ngo dusubire muri Ukraine aho abantu barimo gupfa.”

Yongeraho ati: “Nkurikirana ibirimo kubera muri Ukraine. Ni ngombwa [kuko] inyandiko z’ubuzima bwanjye ni ho ziri. Mbabazwa n’abanya-Ukraine, ariko mbabazwa kurushaho natwe abigagayo – Abaholandi badufata nk’ababanyunyuza imitsi nubwo bwose dukora tukanatanga imisoro.”

Minisiteri y’ubutabera n’umutekano y’Ubuholandi ivuga ko abanyeshuri nka Aisha bazaba bafite iminsi 28 ngo babe bavuye mu gihugu nyuma y’igihe ntarengwa cyo muri Werurwe (3).

Itangazo iyi minisiteri yahaye BBC rigira riti: “Benshi muri abo banyeshuri bo mu bindi bihugu bahunze intambara muri Ukraine, ubundi, bashobora gusubira mu bihugu byabo. Niba batinya ubugizi bwa nabi cyangwa gukurikiranwa mu bihugu byabo, bashobora gusaba ubuhungiro hano.”

Derdelanders, ni ikigo cyo mu Buholandi kimaze igihe giharanira ko bene abo banyeshuri bongererwa igihe muri iki gihugu kugira ngo basoze amasomo yabo.

Isaac Awodola ukuriye iki kigo ati: “Gufasha abantu bikwiye kubamo kumva ko na bo ari abantu koko, hatarebwe inkomoko yabo.

“Ntibikwiye ko barebwa nk’abava mu gice cy’epfo cy’isi, aba ni abantu bahuye n’akaga gakomeye mu gihe bahungaga Ukraine.”

Awodola anenga ibyo aba banyeshuri barimo gucamo n’iby’abanyeshuri 400 b’abanya-Ukraine bo bemerewe kuguma mu Buholandi biga kugera muri Werurwe (3) 2025.

Bimwe mu bihugu bya Africa byakemuye iki kibazo bishakira abo banyeshuri aho biga handi. Ghana yaboneye abiga ubuvuzi imyanya muri kaminuza zo muri Grenada.

Ayo masezerano yatangajwe nyuma gato y’uko intambara itangiye, afasha abanyeshuri bagera kuri 200. Hungary nayo yahaye imyanya abanyeshuri bo muri Ghana bigaga muri Ukraine.

Gusa, umubare munini w’abanyeshuri b’Abanyafurika bahunze bagombaga kwishakira uburyo bakomeza amasomo yabo, cyangwa se bakayata bakajya gushaka akazi iwabo.

Nubwo ibintu muri Ukraine aho Aisha yiga ubu byacururutse, avuga ko afite ubwoba ko imirwano ishobora kuzongera igatuma ahunga nanone.

Ati: “Mu kwa kabiri twagiye i Kyiv gukora ibizami by’igihugu, kandi habaye guturika neza neza imbere y’inyubako twarimo.

“Icyo gihe nari ntangiye kwiruhutsa, ntekereza ko ibintu birimo kumera neza.

“Ariko nyuma yo kubona uko guturika guteye ubwoba, n’uko bimeze ubu, bishobora kuzafata igihe. Gusa nizeye ko bizarangira vuba.”