Roger Lumbala umunyecongo wa mbere urimo kuburanishwa i Paris ku byaha byo mu ntambara ya Congo II

Ni urubanza rwa mbere rw'umunyecongo uregwa ibyaha byakorewe mu ntambara ya mbere ya Congo mu bice bya Kivu ya Ruguru na Ituri hagati ya 2002 na 2003 rurimo kubera i Paris mu Bufaransa kuva kuri uyu wa gatatu.

Roger Lumbala Tshitenge wahoze akuriye umutwe wa Rassemblement Congolais pour la Démocratie – National (RCD-N) arashinjwa ibyaha by'ubwicanyi, iyicarubozo, gufata abagore ku ngufu, gusahura, guhindura abantu abacakara, no gukoresha abantu nk'abacakara b'igitsina. Kumugaragaro, uregwa ntacyo aravuga kuri ibi byaha.

Intambara ya kabiri ya Congo (1998 – 2003) ONU ivuga ko yahitanye abantu barenga miliyoni imwe.

Lumbala yatawe muri yombi i Paris mu 2021 ku byaha akekwaho ko yakoreye muri Congo, mu 2023 ni bwo ubucamanza bw'Ubufaransa bwanzuye ko buzamuburanisha mu rwego rw'ubutabera butagira umupaka - ingingo y'amategeko yemerera inkiko z'igihugu guperereza no kuburanisha abaregwa ibyaha ndengakamere, hatitawe ku hantu byakorewe n'ubwenegihugu bw'uregwa.

Ku wa mbere, abashyigikiye Lumbala bakoze imyigaragambyo ku murwa mukuru wa RD Congo i Kinshasa basaba ko yoherezwa mu gihugu cye kugira ngo abe ari ho aburanishirizwa.

Aba bavuga ko ibyaha aregwa yabikoreye ku butaka bwa Congo atari ku butaka bw'Ubufaransa, bityo ko icyo gihugu kitagomba kumuburanisha.

Intambara ya kabiri ya Congo yashyamiranyije ingabo za leta ya Congo n'imitwe yitwaje intwaro yafashwaga n'ibihugu by'akarere birimo u Rwanda, u Burundi na Uganda, muri iyo mitwe harimo n'uwa RCD-N ya Lumbala wafashwaga na Uganda.

Roger Lumbala ashinjwa ubufatanyacyaha mu bwicanyi bw'indengakamere bwakozwe n'itsinda ry'abarwanyi ba RCD-N bise 'effacer le tableau' ryafatanyaga kandi n'abarwanyi b'umutwe wa MLC wa Jean Pierre Bemba, ndetse n'uwa UPC wa Thomas Lubanga, barwana n'umutwe wa RCD – ML wa Mbusa Nyamwisi Antipas.

Imiryango iharanira uburenganzira ivuga ko ubwicanyi bwibasira amoko runaka bwakozwe n'abarwanyi ba RCD-N bwibasiye abasivile ba nyamucye bo mu bwoko bw'aba Nande ariko by'umwihariko abasangwabutaka bo mu bwoko bwa Bambuti mu duce twa Beni, Mambasa n'ahandi mu ntara za Ituri na Kivu ya Ruguru.

Intambara ya kabiri ya Congo irangiye, Roger Lumbala yagizwe minisitiri w'ubucuruzi bwo hanze muri leta ya RDC akurwaho mu 2004. Yasubiye mu bikorwa bya gisirikare kandi aba n'umudepite uhagarariye intara ya Kasaï nyuma aba umusenateri kugeza mu 2013.

Ishyirahamwe Human Rights Watch rivuga ko urubanza rwa Lumbala ari "icyibutso cy'ukudahana gukomeje muri Congo" mu byaha by'intambara byakomeje gukorwa mu myaka 30 ishize. Rigasaba ko amahanga akomeza gushyiraho igitutu kugira ngo abakoze ibyaha muri Congo bakurikiranwe.

Urubanza rw'amateka ku ntambara idasanzwe muri Afurika

Roger Lumbala ni we munyecongo wa mbere ugiye kuburanishwa n'urukiko rwo mu Bufaransa ku byaha byibasiye inyoko-muntu byakozwe mu ntambara ya kabiri ya Congo, kandi ni umwe muri bacye bahoze ari abategetsi ba Congo bakurikiranwe kuri ibi byaha.

Ni rwo rubanza rwa mbere Ubufaransa bugiye kuburanishaku ngingo y'ubutabera butagira umupaka ku byaha byakorewe muri RD Congo, nk'uko bivugwa n'ikigo kitegamiye kuri leta Trial International cyo mu Busuwisi.

Intambara ya kabiri ya Congo ni imwe mu ntambara zahitanye abantu benshi cyane mu mateka ya vuba muri Afurika. ONU ivuga ko barenga miliyoni imwe.

Ubwo iyi ntambara yari irimbanyije yari irimo ibihugu nibura icyenda bya Afurika, n'imitwe irenga 25 yitwaje intwaro yayirwanagamo.

Itsinda rya ONU ryakoze iperereza nyuma y'iyi ntambara ryanzuye ko ubwicanyi bwa 'Effacer le tableau' bwakozwe n'abarwanyi ba RCD-N n'abandi, bwarimo ibikorwa by'indengakamere byo kwica abantu mu kivunge, kurya abantu, gusahura, no gufata abagore ku ngufu nk'intwaro y'ubugome bukabije y'intambara.

Abantu hafi 30 bazumvwa nk'abatangabuhamya mu rukiko rwa Cour d'Assises rw'i Paris muri uru rubanza ruregwamo Lumbala, nk'uko Trial International ibivuga. Abandi na bo ubuhamya bwabo kuri uru rubanza bwumviswe mbere.

Kuki atoherejwe muri DR Congo?

Ubucamanza bw'Ubufaransa buvuga ko bufite inararibonye mu gukoresha ingingo y'ubutabera butagira umupaka, yagiye ikoreshwa ku byaha byakorewe ahandi ku mugabane w'Uburayi.

Lumbala ni munyecongo wabaga mu Bufaransa ubwo yafatwaga mu 2020, nyuma y'uko yimwe ubuhungiro yari yahasabye mu 2016. Yahise atangira gukorwaho iperereza ku byaha bamuketseho.

Trial International ivuga ko nubwo mu myaka 10 ishize RD Congo yateye intambwe mu kuburanisha abakuriye imitwe y'inyeshyamba n'abasirikare, ariko igenda biguru ntege mu kuburanisha no gukurikirana abakekwaho ibyaha byakozwe mu ntambara zabaye mbere.

Kugeza ubu iki gihugu ntikirakurikirana cyangwa ngo kiburanishe ibyaha byakozwe mu ntambara ya kabiri ya Congo nubwo bwose raporo za ONU nka Mapping Report zagiye zigaragaza ko iyo ntambara yabayemo ibyaha bikomeye byibasiye inyoko muntu.

Ubucamanza bw'Ubufaransa bukaba bwarahisemo gutera iyo ntambwe bugakurikirana uyu wahoze ari umukuru w'umutwe w'inyeshyamba nyuma akaba n'umutegetsi muri guverinoma ya Congo wari waragiye gusaba ubuhungiro muri icyo gihugu.

Lumbala aramutse ahamwe n'ibyaha aregwa ashobora gukatirwa igifungo cya burundu. Mu gihe urubanza rw'abaregera indishyi rwaburanishwa ukwarwo.