Somalia na al-Shabab: Urugamba rwo gutsinda izo ntagondwa

Mary Harper

BBC World Service News

Mu ngingo irimwo kurinda cane, umukuru mushasha wa Somalia yashize muri reta yiwe umwe mu bahoze mu mugwi w’intagondwa wa al-Shabab ugwanya ubutegetsi, ariko igitero cabaye mu mpera z’indwi iheze kigatikiza inganda kw’i hoteri ku murwa mukuru Mogadishu, cibukije igikorwa kitoroshe ku bari mu butegetsi.

Igihe umukuru mushasha wa SomaliaSheikh Mohamud yatangura amabanga mu kwezi kwa gatanu, yamenyesheje ko igikorwa ciwe ca mbere ashira imbere ari ukurangiza ibikorwa vy’ubugararriji bw’intagondwa za Al Shabab zimaze imyaka 15 ziyogoza igihugu.

Inyuma y’amezi atatu kuva ico gihe, Al Shabab yagavye kimwe mu biterio vya mbere vyayo c’agatangaza, itera ihoteri itari kure y’ikirimba c’umukuru w’igihugu, ku murwa mukuru, Mogadishu.

Iyo hoteri bamaze amasaha 30 bayigaruriye. Abategetsi bavuga ko hishwe abantu 20 muri iryo gotwa rya Hayat, abandi 117 barakomereka.

Nta n’ukwezi kwari kuhaciye uwo mugwi ukoze ibitari bwigere biba mu kwinjira mu gihugu kibanyi ca Ethiopia. Kwari nko kwiyemeza ku mukuru w’igihugu mushasha.

 Abaserukira ibihugu vyabo bavuze ko ico gitero categuwe mu buryo bukomeye cane ari “igihindura urukino” catwaye nibura amezi 18 yo gutegurwa, kigirwamwo uruhara n’abagwanyi bashika 1.200.

Uwari umukuru w’ingabo za Amerika muri Afrika ico gihe , General Stephen Townsend, yavuze ko izo ntagondwa binjiye ku 150km imbere muri Ethiopia.

Imwe mu mvo z’icatumye uwo mugwi ukora ico gitero ceruye ni ukubera ugukomera kw’intambara muri Ethiopia inyuma y’imyaka y’itekane n’ukwiyongera kw’ubutunzi.

Inyuma gato y’aho hatanguriye intambara yo mu gihugu hagati mu ntara ya Tigray iri mu buraruko, umwe mu ba al-Shabab yarampamagaye ambwira ati:

“Ubu twibereye ngaho gusa turabe ibirori vy’ingene Ethiopia iriko irisamburirako yonyene.

“Umwanya yo gutera umwansi wacu nyamukuru amaherezo uriko uregereza.”

Ethiopia ni kimwe mu bihugu vyo mu karere vyarungitse ingabo muri Somalia gushigikira reta.

Ubu bubaye ubwa kabiri prezida Mohamud aja ku butegetsi. Igije namuha ikiganiro atanguye ikiringo ciwe ca mbere mu 2012, yavuze ko azotsinda izo ntagondwa mu myaka ibiri.

Inyuma y’imyaka 10, n’ubu baracakomeye. Mohamed Mubarak wo mu kigo Hiraal c’i Mogadishu cihweza ibijanye n’umutekano, avuga ko ”ubu bakomeye kandi bitunganije neza kurusha uko bari mu 2012”.

Al-Shabab ifise ubutegetsi bubangabanganwa n’bwa reta kandi igenzura igice kinini c’igihugu.

Iregeranya amakori mu turere igenzura no hanze yatwo.

N’abantu baba Mogadishu bashima gukoresha indinganizo y’ubutungane bwayo, basanga ikora neza kandi itarangwamwo ibiturire kurusha sentare z’igihugu.

Uwo mugwi ubandanya gutera uko ushatse, urasa ibisasu vya muzinga ko biro vy’inama nshingamateka no ku kibuga mpuzamakungu c’indege gisanzwe gicungerewe cane kirimwo ibiryo vy’abaserukira ibihugu vyabo, ONU n’ingabo mpuzamakungu.

Niho hava kuvuga ko al-Shabab ari ryo shami rya Al-Qaeda rihagaze neza cane kurusha ayandi.

Prezida Mohamud yemera ko al-Shabab idashobora gutsindwa n’inguvu z’igikenye gusa.

Kw’itariki 2 z’ukwezi kwa munani, reta yafashe ingingo yo kwigerezako mu guha amabanga uwahoze ari umwe mu bansi ba mbere babi bayo mu mukenyuro mushasha wo kurangiza iyo ntambara.

Ico gihe nari i Mogadishu, ndi mu modoka n’abagenzi duhagaze kuri bariyeri.

Buno nyene nta n‘umwe yabonye ko ari ikibazo gutegekwa kuva mu mudoka, gusakwa ku mubiri no gusaka imodoka hamwe n’imizigo yacu.

Mu kurindira duhagaze mu gatutu gato twashoboye kuronka, amaso yacu yari kuri terefone turaba ingene umukuru w‘igihugu mushasha yariko aratangaza abagize reta nshasha.

Izina twari turindiriye ryari iry’umwe mu bashinze al-Shabab, yize muri Afghanistan.

Ivyari nk’ibihuha vyacitse ukuri.

Uwahoze ari icegera ca al-Shabab akaba n’umuvugizi wayo, Mukhtar Robow, yagenywe kuba umushikiringanji ajejwe ibibazo vy’amadini.

Mu gihe hari abatewe ubwoba n’iyo ngingo, benshi mu banya-Somalia bakiriye neza ukwinjira muri reta kw’umwe mu bahoze bari ku rutonde rwa Amerika rw’abakora iterabwoba bahigwa cane n’agashimwe ka miriyoni 5 z’ama dollars ku wofasha mw’ifatwa ryiwe.

Muri abo bavyakiriye nez harimwo umushingamateka akaba yanahoze ari umumenyeshamakuru wa BBC Moalimuu Mohamed n’ubu agifise inkovu z’ibitero vya al-Shabab.

Igitero c’ibombe cari kimugambiriye um minsi iheze muri uyu mwaka cahatswe kumuhitana.

Mohamed ati: “Narashimye igenwa rya Robow.“

“Nk’umwe mu bahoze ari indongozi z’abo bagwana biyitirira Islam azofasha mu kurwanya al-Shabab. Ashobora gukorana n’abanyamadini kugura bagwanye ivyiyumviro vy’ubutagondwa hanyuma buvishe abo muri al-Shabab ko ivyo bemera bidahuye n’inzira y’ukuri ya Islam.“

Robow yacanyemwo na al-Shabab mu 2013. Yariyamirije uwo mugwi ku mugaragaro, mbere aratanga n’amaraso ku bantu bari bahehejeje gukomerekera mu gitero c’ibombe kw’ikamyo i Mogadishu mu kwezi kw’icumi mu 2017 cahitanye abantu bashika 600.

Yarapfunzwe mu kwezi kwa 12 mu 2018 hanyuma aguma apfunzwe ic’amaso gushika agenywe kuba umushikiranganji. Yavuze ko yahamagawe kuri terefone agipfunzwe.

Umuhinga mu bijanye n’umutekano, Mubarak, avuga ko igenwa rya Robo wari iciyumviro ciza cane mu nzira kurwanya iterabwoba”.

"N’umuntu kwifashisha cane, na cane cane ku bijanye n’inyigisho z’idini, kuko asshobora gutanga umurongo ufasha kuvuguruza inyigusho za al.-Shabab. Nk’umwe mu bashinze al.-Shabab arabazi imbere n’inyuma. Arazi ingene biyumvira n’ingene bakora.”

Abandi barababajwe cane no kuba Robow yagenywe muri ayo mabanga, bakabibona nk’ikindi kimenyetso co kudahana casinzikaje Somalia mu myaka 30 imaze mu ntambara.

Ku mbuga hwaniro haciye vyinshi vyo kunegura iyo ngingo. Vyinhsi mu vyacishijwe kuri Twitter vyayivuga nabi:

“Iyo Somalia cari kuba ari igihugu gikora, Robow yari kuba yanyonzwe icese abantu barorera.”

 “Igenwa ry’uwo mwicanyi ruburakigongwe risigura ikintu kimwe gusa: al-Shabab yacengetereye reta ku mugaragaro.”

Al-Shabab ivuga ko kuba umwe mu bayishinze yemeye amabanga muri reta ari icaha kibi cane, gikeneye igihano ruhasha.

Mw’ijambo ry’iminota 10, umuvugizi w’uwo mugwi, Ali Dheere yavuze ati: “Robow n’umuhakanyi. Gusesa amaraso yiwe birarekuwe.”

Prezida Mohamud yemera ko igenwa ryiwe rifatanije n’ibitero vya gisirikare bizoca intege al-Shabab gushika aho yemera kuja mu biganiro.

Avuga ati : “Vyose biva ku gushaka kwa poritike”.

“Itembagara rya al-Shabab rizoba ari uko ingabo za Afrika n’izindi z’amahanga, iz’igihugu n’iz’akarere, n’imigwi yo mu gihugu bose bagiye hamwe. Aho niho honyene bazoja mu biganiro bagashika mu mwumvikano.”

Iyo ntagondwa yahavuye iba umushikiranganji ubu avuga amahoro no kugiriranira ikigongwe. Avuga ko azokorana n’abashakashatsi ba Islam kugira bumvishe abantu kuva muri al-Shabab mu kubasigurira ko ivyo bakora biteye kubiri na Islam.

Ariko nta wuzi ko ivyo reta yakoze hari ikizovamwo, canke ko ahubwo bizoha inguvu al-Shabab mw’ishaka ryawo ryo kurwana n’inguvu nyinshi kurusha na mbere.

Ibiherutse kuba bijana kuri ico ca nyuma.