'Muragabe ku busuma bwa microfinances'- Banki Nkuru y'Uburundi

Ibanki nkuru y'igihugu c'Uburundi BRB igabisha abanyagihugu ngo ntibabandanye kwibwa n'amashirahamwe matomato yo kuziganya no kuguranana, ikavuga ko amaze kwiba abanywanyi amafaranga ashika hafi miriyaridi 10 z'amarundi mu kiringo c'imyaka itatu.

Simplice Nsabiyumva arongoye igisata kijejwe gukurikirana ibikorwa vy'amabanki n'amashirahamwe yo kuziganya no kuguranana (Microfinances), yabwiye BBC Gahuzamiryango ko aya mashirahamwe – avuga ko ari ayo ku rugero rwa kane, ari yo bita Groupement Communautaires Financiers - abesha abanyagihugu akegeranya amafaranga yabo abemereye inyungu z'umurengera.

Ati: "Aba bantu rero bahenda abanyagihugu bakababwira bati 'zana amafaranga yawe tuzokwungikira 60% ku mwaka', mu gihe mu yandi mabanki canke mu yandi ma microfinances inyungu itarenga 7%.

"Baba bagomba kubahenda kugira ngo muzane amafaranga menshi, bakayegeranya… bamaze kubona ko bakwije, abenshi baca banyika".

Abibwe baratakambira reta

Sabina [siryo zina ryiwe nyaryo] avuga ko yari mw'ishirahamwe rizwi nka Ineza Iwacu ryegukira Microfinance CODEPEI, avuga yanyazwe imiriyoni zirenga 30 z'amarundi.

Yabwiye BBC Gahuzamiryango ko mu kwinjira mw'iryo shirahamwe, we n'abandi bari bemerewe ko ku kwezi bari guhembwa 5% y'umutahe batanze mu mezi atatu ya mbere, nk'uko vyari mu masezerano bahawe.

Ati: "Koko abatanguye ubwa mbere barayaronse ata ngorane, ariko mu nyuma birahungabana, abanywanyi baburiramwo inyungu, baburiramwo n'umutahe".

Avuga ko haciye umwaka urenga ata muco bafise ku kungene ibintu vyifashe, atawe bashobora kubaza canke kwitura kugira ngo batunganirizwe, agasaba ko umukuru w'igihugu ari we yobatabara.

Ati: "Hari abasavye ingurane mu mabanki ubu akaba ariko arabakurikirana, hari abamaze gupfungwa bazira aya mafaranga, hari abanywanyi bariko barapfa kubera babuze ingene bivuza, hari ingo nyinshi zasambutse .... ni ukuri turasaba ko twotunganirizwa kuko turagowe, turamerewe nabi cane".

Eka na Rishari [si ryo zina ryiwe] avuga ko yari mw'ishirahamwe Nyunganira RCF kuva mu 2024, akaba yari afisemwo umutahe w'imiriyoni 15 yose hamwe yashizemwo mu bice bibiri, aho ateranije yari yiteze inyungu y'ibihumbi 900 vy'amarundi ku kwezi.

Avuga ko yatwawe n'umugenzi mu mwaka uheze wa 2024 amwumvishije akamaro ko gushira amafaranga mu bubiko butanganya inyungu (ivyo bita 'placement') kugira ngo aze araronka inyungu ku kwezi ku kwezi.

Ati: "Abanywanyi bashobora guhitamwo amasezerano y'amezi atatu, atandatu, canke umwaka, jewe rero nahisemwo ay'amezi atatu, ntangurana n'umutahe muto, ungana n'imiriyoni zitanu, kandi mu ntango vyaragenda neza kuko baranyungukira 6%. Mbonye amezi atatu arangiye, niho naca nongereza umutahe, nshitsa ku miriyoni 15".

Rishari avuga ko babandanije baronka inyungu gushika muri Kigarama (10) umwaka uheze, ariko ibintu bikaba vyatanguye kugenda nabi kuva mu ntango z'uno mwaka.

Ati: "Mu kwa mbere twaragiye tuzi ko tugiye gutora inyungu, dusanga ibiro bisa n'ivyugaye, ariko bariko barakora, baca batubwira ko bari bafise abashitsi bavuye mw'ibanki nkuru y'igihugu ngo baje kugenzura ingene bakora. Uwo musi igikorwa ico ari co cose kijanye n'amahera nticakunze, ivyaciye bitangura gutera amakenga abanywanyi".

Rishari asigura ko kuva ico gihe bagumye bazimagizwa gushika n'aho amafaranga yabo agenda akayombekero. Avuga ko bitwaye, ubu urubanza rukaba ruri muri sentare, bakayisaba ko yorunyarutsa kugira ngo basubizwe utwabo babiriye akuya.

"Ico dusaba, hariho abantu benshi kugira ngo baronke ayo mafaranga bagurishije amatongo, abandi basaba ingurane mu mabanki…dusaba rero reta ko yodufasha ikadutunganiriza".

Yabwiye BBC Gahuzamiryango ati: "Amafaranga yanje y'umutahe niho akiri, nkurikije amasezerano, ico dukeneye ni udufaranga twacu tw'umutahe kugira ngo dushobore kutwikenuza, nayo ivy'inyungu vyovyo, ntavyo tugiharura".

Bakora ibiteye kubiri n'amategeko abagenga

Simplice Nsabiyumva avuga ko aya mashirahamwe aba azwi n'ibanki nkuru y'igihugu, kandi ko ari yo iyandika, ikayaha n'amategeko ngenderwako ariko ko amaze kugenda aca akora ivyayo biteye kubiri na ya mategeko.

Ati: "Amashirahamwe yo kuziganya no kuguranana arafise amategeko akorerako ariko bamwe bamwe muri bo, hari abo usanga badakoresha amategeko uko ari, bakikorera ivyabo, bagahenda abanyagihugu babasaba amahera ngo bita placement, bakababwira ko bazoyahembera inyungu kandi bitemewe n'amategeko".

"Mu gihe ayandi mabanki canke mu yandi ma microfinances batanga inyungu ya 7%, uza wumva uwundi muri groupement ngo tuzoguha 60%! Ibi biba bisigura ko uyo muntu ari umubeshi, uri umuntu wiyumvira wotegerezwa kubona ko uyu muntu ataho yoyakura.

"Aba agomba kubahenda kugira ngo muzane amafaranga menshi, akayegeranya… amaze kubona ko akwije agaca anyika".

Avuga ko abakora ibi bafata ko ari umurwi w'abantu bagiye hamwe bakavugana ukungene bazokwiba abantu.

Ati: "Gusa ikibabaje nta n'umwe aza muri BRB kugira ngo atubwire ko hari abantu bariko barasabwa amafaranga hadakurikijwe amategeko".

None bigenda gute?

Simplice Nsabiyumva asigura ko abanyaga abanyagihugu badaca mu nzira zemewe n'amategeko agenga gutora amafaranga kuri konte ya banki, ni arirya ata "muntu ashobora gusinyira amafaranga kuri konte ari umuntu umwe".

Agira ati: "Ingene twabonye babigira, benshi bagira ngo bihaye ingurane, ingurane ishika nk'umuriyaridi, kandi muri Groupement Financier Communautaire [mashirahamwe yo kuziganya no kuguranana] ata muntu arenza imiriyoni zitanu, ariko bobo ugasanga bariko biha amamiriyaridi bivanye n'amafaranga baba bamaze kwegeranya.

"Ni amafaranga ataja gutora kuri compte, ni ay'abanyagihugu aba yegeranije, hanyuma akayashira mu bintu yitwaza ngo ni amadeni yafashe".

Abajijwe amafaranga yoba amaze kwibwa muri ayo mayeri, Nsabiyumva avuga ko bitoroshe kumenya neza na neza igitigiri, ariko ko bafatiye ku matohoza bakoze, hamaze kwibwa imiriyaridi zishika cumi.

Avuga ko mu bakora ibi hari abamaze gufatwa kandi bariko bakurikiranwa n'ubutungane, hanyuma kandi ko hari abakironderwa, ariko ko bamaze guhunga.

Avuga kandi ko harimwo ama-groupements ashika atandatu amaze guhagarikwa kuri iyo mvo, aho avuga ko muri yo, nubwo atayadondagura yose, hari mwo iri ryitwa COPEDEI.

BBC Gahuzamiryango yashatse kumenya ivy'ishirahamwe Nyunganira RCF na ryo nyene ryidogerwa n'abanywanyi, nimba ryoba rigikora canke naryo ryoba ryarahagaritswe. Umwe mu barirongoye yishuye ko ubu "riri mu gikorwa co kuriha ricibishije kuri compte y'ubutungane".

Abajijwe ku myidogo y'abanywanyi babo, wewe yemeza ko imbere y'uko BRB itarafata ingingo mu kwa mbere itegeka ama microfinance gusubiza imitahe beneyo, ko ata wari bwabiture "ngo abure inyungu yaba agenewe guhabwa buri kwezi".

Ati: "Bisigurako batibwe ahubwo bahemukiwe n'ingingo yafashwe n'abari bazi canke batari bazi ingaruka yayo".

Ico kumenya

Mu bisanzwe, amashirahamwe yo kuziganya no kuguranana, nk'uko Nsabiyumva abisigura, arakira intererano z'abanywanyi, akazijana kuri konte (compte) muri banki canke muri microfinance runaka, hanyuma amafaranga amaze kugwira, abanywanyi bakavugana ingene bashobora kuyahanahanamwo amadeni.

Ati: "Ibirenze ivyo biba ari ibindi vy'amanyanga".

Ahanura abanyagihugu kwirinda aboza babasaba amafaranga babemerera ko bazobungukira, ko bazobahemba, bakabemerera inyungu y'urugero kanaka ku kwezi, canke ku mwaka, canke ku kiringo kanaka.

"Mu gihe hogira uwubona umuntu nk'uyo, azoce amenya ko ari aba aje kumwiba, dusaba ko ubwo nyene yoca abitubwira, twebwe tubimenye turazi ingene duca dukora.

"Ariko ikibabaje benshi ntavyo batubarira, baba bazi ngo bariko barakina urudandazwa, ngo bari muri business runaka, ngo bizobungukira, bakaza kuvuga ko bagize ibibazo iyo babonye bahomvye".