Ng'uku uko Hamas yisuganije inguvu zo gutera Israel kuwa 07/10/2023

Amatohoza ya BBC yerekana ko amashami atanu yitwaje ibirwanisho y’Abanya-Palestina yahambije (yifatanije) umuhari Hamas mu gitero cihaye inkumbi co kuwa 07/10/2023 muri Israel, inyuma yo gukorana nawo imyimenyerezo ya gisirikare kuva mu 2020.

Iyo migwi yakoreye hamwe imyimenyerezo ya gisirikare imeze bwa bitero muri Gaza, yasa cane n’ivyakozwe mu gihe c’igitero bwite, harimwo ikibanza kiri ahadashika kuri kirometero imwe (1km) uvuye ku rubibe na Israel.

Bakoze imyimenyerezo yo gufata abantu nk’abanyurujwe, gutera imikwabu mu mihana no kumena inzitiro za Israel. Muri iyi myimenyerezo yabo, uwa nyuma bawukoze iminsi 25 gusa imbere y’igitero.

Igisata c’ururimi rw’Icarabu ca BBC, BBC Arabic, na BBC Verify, igisata gifise ubuhinga mu guhinyuza amakuru, vyashize hamwe ibimenyetso vyerekana ko Hamas yahuje amashami y’imigwi yo muri Gaza ngo banonosore ubuhinga bwabo bwo kurwana – kandi bakore umukwabu muri Israel washize akarere kose mu ntambara.

'Ikimenyetso c'ubumwe'

Kuwa 29/12/2020, umukuru w’amashami yose y’umuhari Hamas, Ismail Haniyeh, yavuze ko uwa mbere mu myimenyerezo ine bakoze bise ‘Strong Pillar’, bisigura inkingi ikomeye, wari "ubutumwa bukomeye n'ikimenyetso c’ubumwe" hagati y’imigwi itandukanye yitwaje ibirwanisho muri Gaza.

Nk’umuhari ukomeye kurusha iyindi yose muri Gaza, Hamas ni wo warusha iyindi yose ububasha muri urwo runani, rwahuje iyigera kuri 10 y’Abanya- Palestina, mu kimeze nk’urukino rw’intambara rwari ruhagarikiwe n’urunani rw’abarongozi b’iyo migwi yishize hamwe.

Urwo runani rwatunganijwe mu 2018 kugirango rukurikirane ibikorwa vy’amashami yitwaje ibirwanisho muri Gaza, yashizwe munsi y’uburongozi bwa gisirikare bumwe.

Imbere ya 2018, Hamas yakoranye ku mugaragaro na ‘Palestinian Islamic Jihad’ (PIJ), ishami rya gisirikare rya kabiri rikomeye muri Gaza, naryo nyene ryashizwe ku rutonde rw’imigwi y’iterabwoba n’Ubwongereza n’ibindi bihugu, nk’uko biri ku muhari Hamas.

Hamas kandi yarwanye hamwe n’iyindi migwi mu zindi ngwano zabaye mbere, ariko uwo mwimenyerezo wo mu 2020, wavugwa n’abashaka kwamamaza ibikorwa vy’iyi migwi nk’uwujejwe kwerekana ko iyo migwi yiyunze mu runani rumwe.

Umukuru wa Hamas yavuze ko umwimenyerezo wa mbere werekanye ko "bama biteguye ubutagira iherezo" muri iyo migwi.

Umwimenyerezo wo mu 2020, wari uwa mbere mu myimenyerezo ine yakozwe mu myaka itatu, umwe wose warafashwe za videwo zikoze neza cane, zishirwa ku mihora y’imbuga hwaniro.

BBC yarakurikiranye iyo migwi uko ari 10 hifashishijwe ivy’ayo ma videwo, harimwo na PIJ, ikurikirana amabara y’ibitambara bambara ku mutwe, hamwe n’ibindi birangantego vy’iyo migwi yariko yimenyereza kugaba ibitero hamwe na Hamas muri ico gikorwa bise 'Strong Pillar', nk’uko vyagaragara mu butumwa bw’amasanamu bashira ku rubuga rwa Telegram.

Inyuma y’ibitero vyo ku itariki indwi z’ukwezi kw’icumi, itanu muri iyo migwi yashize ku rubuga videwo bavuga ko yerekana aho bariko bagaba igitero.

Iyindi migwi itatu yatangaje ku rubuga rwa Telegram amatangazo yanditse ivuga ko yabigizemo uruhara.

Uruhara rw’iyi migwi rwatanguye guseruka neza igihe Hamas itanguye gusugerezwa haronderwa abana n’abagore bagera muri mirongo, bari bajanywe nk’inyagano muri Gaza bavanywe muri Israel, bafashwe n’iyindi migwi kuwa 07/10/2023.

Imigwi itatu – PIJ, Mujahideen Brigades na Al-Nasser Salah al-Deen Brigades, ivuga ko yafashe ingwati Abanya-Israel, iri kumwe na Hamas, kuri uwo munsi.

Kwongereza ikiringo c’agahengwe muri Gaza, biravugwa ko bishobora kuvana n’uko Hamas ishoboye kwerekana aho abajanywe nk’inyagano bari.

N’ubwo aya mashami aturuka mu migwi itandukanye kandi igendera ku vyiyumviro bitandukanye, kuva ku vyiyumviro bikaze vy’idini rya Isilamu, kugera ku vyiyumviro vyo hagati na hagati, bose bafise ishaka ryo gukoresha ubugizi bwa nabi mu kurwanya Israel.

Amatangazo ya Hamas yakomeza gushimangira ijambo ry’ubumwe hagati y’ imigwi yitwaje ibirwanisho yo muri Gaza.

Uwo mugwi uvuga ko imigwi yose ingana, muri iyo myimenyerezo, mu gihe yakomeje kugira uruhara rwo kuyobora iyindi, mu migambi yo kugaba ibitero kuri Israel.

Amasanamu y’imyimenyerezo ya mbere, yerekana abakomanda b'abagabo bambaye imyambaro ibahisha mu maso, bari mu bwihisho bariko bakora iyo myimenyerezo, itangurwa n’urufaya rw’ibisasu vya roketi.

Igarukira kw’ifoto y’abarwanyi bafise ibirwanisho bikomeye bariko basimba ikimeze nk’ikimodokari c’intambara kiriko idarapo ya Israel, bakwega n’umwe mu bari batwaye iyo modokari, bamutwaye nk’umupfungwa, bakanatera n’inyubakwa zitandukanye.

Habonetse videwo n’amatangazo y’ibindi bimenyetso vyerekana imikenyuro bakoresha mu gufata abasirikare n’abanyagihugu basanzwe kw’itariki 7 z’ukwa cumi, aho abagera ku 1200 bishwe abandi baharurwa mu 240 bagafatwa bugwati.

Ubutumwa bugenewe isi yose

Uwundi mwimenyerezo ugira kabiri wa ‘Strong Pillar’ wakozwe hagira hashire umwaka neza na neza inyuma yaho.

Ayman Nofal, umukuru mu mugwi wa Izzedine al-Qassam Brigades – izina ry’ishami rya gisirikare rya Hamas – yavuze ko intumbero yo gukora iyo myimenyerezo kuwa 26 z’ukwa cumi na kabiri mu 2021, kwari “ugushimangira ubumwe hagati y’imigwi mu kwivuna”.

Yavuze ko iyo myimenyerezo ari iyo “kubwira umwansi ko impome n’ingingo z’ubuhinga bwo gucunga imbibe z’akarere ka Gaza, bitazoshobora kubakingira”.

Irindi tangazo rya Hamas rimenyesha ko “ibikorwa bihurikiyemwo imirwi ya gisirikare itandukanye” vyari vyateguriwe “kwigana uburyo bwo kubohoza ibigwati vyigaruriwe n’abakoloni b’Abayahudi hafi y’akarere ka Gaza” – ari na ko Hamas yita imihana y’Abanya-Israel.

Uwo mwimenyerezo wasubiwemwo kuwa 28 z’ukwa cumi na kabiri mu 2022, amasanamu yo kwamamaza agaragaza ibikorwa vy’abarwanyi b’iyo mihari, bariko biga ingene bayogoza mu nyubakwa no kwigarurira imodokari za gisirikare, mu vyogereranywa n’igitero ku kigo ca gisirikare, yashizwe ku mbuga mu nzira yo kwamamaza ico gikorwa.

Iyi myimenyerezo yaratangajwe mu bimenyeshamakuru vyo muri Israel. Rero biragoye gutahura ukuntu itakurikiraniwe hafi, igaca mu myanya y'intoke y' inzego z'iperereza zikomeye z'iki gihugu.

Ingabo za Israel (IDF) mbere zakoze ibitero vyo mu kirere vyo kuburizamwo ibikorwa vy'imyimenyerezo vya Hamas.

Mu kwezi kwa kane uno mwaka, IDF yateye ibisasu ku kibanza cakoreshejwe mu myimenyerezo ya mbere yo muri iyi yiswe 'Strong Pillar'.

Amayinga make imbere y'igitero, abasirikare b'abagore b'Abanya-Israel, bagenzura umutekano hafi y'urubibe na Gaza, amakuru avuga ko batanze imburi ku ruja n' uruza rudasanzwe rw'indege zitagira abadereva (drones), kandi ko Hamas yariko irakora imyimenyerezo yo kwigarurira ibirindiro vyo hejuru vyo kugenzura ibiriko biraba (observation posts), yifashishije ibibanza bisa neza neza n'ibirindiro vya Israel.

Ariko amakuru yo mu bimenyeshamakuru vyo muri Israel avuga ko iyo mburi yirengagijwe.

Brigadier General Amir Avivi, yahoze ari icegera c'umugaba mu ngabo za Israel mu karere ka Gaza, yabwiye BBC ati: "Hari amakuru menshi y'igendereza yerekana ko iyo myimenyerezo yariko irakorwa - kandi amasanamu ari ahagaragara, n'ivyo vyabera ku metero amajana uva ku ruzitiro [urubibe] (na Israel)."

Ariko avuga ko n'ubwo igisirikare cari kizi ivy'iyo myimenyerezo, "ntibabona impamvu zatuma ikorwa".

IDF ivuga ko "yakuyeho burundu" Nofal kuwa 17/10/2023, aba umugaba wa gisirikare ukomeye wa Hamas wa mbere yishwe muri iyi ntambara.

Kwihisha ahagaragara

Hamas yageze kure mu gushaka ko iyo myimenyerezo yabo imera nk’ibitero vy'ukuri.

Muri 2022, abarwanyi bakoze igisa no gutera ikigo ca gisirikare ca Israel cubatse ku birometero bitarenga 2,6 uturutse ku nzira ya Erez, ibarabara riri hagati ya Gaza na Israel rigenzurwa n’ingabo za IDF.

Igisata ca BBC gihinyuza amakuru, BBC Verify, casanze vyarabereye mu kibanza co mu buraruko bwa Gaza, ku metero 800 uvuye ku rubibe, gikurikije amasanamu y’ikarata ndondabihugu cabonye muri iyo myimenyerezo, kikayahuza n’amasanamu y’igicapo c’ikirere.

Kugeza mu kwa cumi na rimwe 2023, ico kibanza cari kikiboneka ku masanamu yo ku rubuga rwa Bing Maps.

Ikambi yakorerwamwo imyimenyerezo yari ku km 1,6 uvuye ku munara w’ubureretsi bwa Israel ndetse n’ikibanza gikirurutse cubatswe na Israel ngo gifashe mu gucunga, ibikoreshwa mu gucungera umutekano wo ku rubibe muri Israel, kandi vyatanzweko amafaranga aharugwa muri miriyoni amajana z’amadorari mu kwubakwa.

Iciganywe nk’ikigo ca gisirikare, kiri mu kibanza cimbwe munsi y’ubutaka, kugirango ntikibonwe n’abari mu marondo ku ruhande rwa Israel, ariko imyotsi yaturuka ku vyaturitswa yoyo nta nkeka ko yaboneka, kandi ingabo za Israel, IDF, birazwi ko zikoresha ivyuma vyo mu kirere mu gukora igendereza.

Hamas yakoresheje uyu mwimenyerezo mu kugaba ibitero ku nyubakwa, ifata abantu bunyagano ibafatiyeko inkoho, inasambura amabariyeri y’umutekano.

BBC Verify yakoresheje amakuru yakuye ku mbuga zizwi ku mugaragaro, harimwo amafoto yafashwe n’ibigendajuru (satellites), kugirango ibone ahari ibibanza bigera kuri 14 vyakorerwamwo imyimenyerezo mu turere icenda two muri Gaza.

Mbere abo barwanyi bakoreye imyimenyerezo incuro zibiri zose ku km 1,6 uvuye ku kigo gitangirwamwo infashanyo c’ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu ONU, kandi caboneka mw’isanamu ya videwo yashizwe ku rubuga n’ico kigo mu kwezi kwa cumi na kabiri mu mwaka wa 2022.

Haba ku butaka, mu mazi, canke mu kirere

Kuwa 10/09/2023, umurwi wiswe uwuhurikiyemwo abaserukira iyo mirwi bose (joint committee room), washize ku rubuga rwabo rwa Telegram, amasanamu y’abantu b’abagabo bari mu myambaro ya gisirikare bariko barakizura ibibanza birimwo ibikoresho vy’igisirikare ku rubibe rwa Gaza.

Inyuma y’iminsi ibiri, haciye hatunganywa ikindi gikorwa kigira kane c’urwo rukurikirane rw’imyimenyerezo bise ‘Strong Pillar’, kugera aho kuwa 07/10/2023, ibikenewe vyose mu buhinga bakoresheje mu gitero kitari bwaboneke, vyari vyamaze gusuzumwa no kwigwa.

Abarwanyi bafashe amasanamu ya videwo bari mu modokari z'amakamyo zo mu bwoko bwa Toyota Pickup zisa n’izazunguruka mu bumanuko bwa Israel mu kwezi kwakurikiye.

Videwo yamamaza abagabo bafise inkoho bari mu myimenyerezo yo gutera imikwabu mu nyubakwa z'ibicapo, bakarasa no ku bintu bisa n'aho bashaka kuzarasa, mbere baniga gutera ku nkengera z’amazi aho abantu baja gusama akayaga (beach) bifashishije ubwato n’abahinga mu kwibira munsi y’amazi.

Israel yamenyesheje ko yasubije inyuma ubwato bwa Hamas bwashaka kuja ku nkengera zayo kuwa 07/10/2023.

Ariko Hamas ntiyatangaje imyimenyerezo yakoze n’amapikipiki hamwe n’imitaka yo gukoroka, nka bumwe mu buryo bakoresheje mu kwamamaza ibikorwa vy’imyimenyerezo yabo ya ‘Strong Pillar’.

Videwo y’imyimenyerezo ya Hamas yashizwe ku rubuga, iminsi itatu inyuma y’igitero co kuwa 07/10/2023, yerekana inzitiro n’amabariyeri vyasambuwe mu nzira yo kuhacisha amapikipiki, uburyo bakoresheje mu gushikira ababa mu bumanuko bwa Israel.

BBC ntiyari bwabone ibisa n’ibiri muri iyo videwo mu zo yabonye mbere.

Amasanamu ya videwo arimwo aho abarwanyi bakoresha ubuhinga bwo kugenda n’imitaka, nayo ntiyigeze ashirwa ahagaragara kugeza habaye igitero co kuwa 07/10/2023.

Muri videwo y’imyimenyerezo yashizwe ku rubuga ku munsi w’igitero, abitwaje ibirwanisho bagaragaye bagwa (bashika) mu kigwati co kwigana (gihimbano), BBC yasanze ari ku kibuga c'indege co mu karere ka Rafah mu bumanuko bwa Gaza.

Igisata ca BBC gihinyuza amakuru, BBC Verify, cabonye ko iyo videwo yafashwe imbere yo kuwa 25/08/2022, aho yabitswe muri nyabwonko/mudasobwa kw'izina rya ‘Eagle Squadron’, izina Hamas yita umurwi canke igice cayo c’abarwanyi bakoresha ibirwanisho bigendera mu kirere.

Ibi vyerekana ko umugambi wo gukoresha imipira ifatanye n’imitaka (paragliders) wamaze umwaka urenga ukorwako imyimenyerezo.

Igikorwa gitangaje co kwubira

Imbere y’uwa 07/10/2023, Hamas vyibazwa ko ifise abarwanyi bangana nka 30,000 mu karere ka Gaza, nk’uko amakuru aturuka mu bagaba b’igisirikare ca Israel abivuga.

Ikindi gikekwa n’uko Hamas yashobora kuronka abasirikare bagera ku bihumbi vyinshi, baturutse mu migwi mito mito.

Hamas ni wo mugwi ukomeye kurusha iyindi yose mu migwi yitwaje ibirwanisho y’Abanya-Palestina. Kwumva ko Hamas yashaka gushira iyindi migwi yose hamwe, kwari ugushaka gushigikirwa hose muri Gaza, hamwe rero no kuduza ibitigiri vy’abayoboke bayo.

IDF mbere yagereranya ko abarwanyi ba Hamas bagiye mu bitero vyo kuwa 07/10/2023 bashika 1,500.

Ikinyamakuru The Times of Israel catangaje mu ntango y’ukwezi guheze ko IDF ubu yibaza ko ico gitigiri cababa 3000.

Igitigiri nyakuri uko coba kingana kwose, bisobanura ko igice gito cane c’abarwanyi bakorera muri Gaza ari co cagiye muri ivyo bitero.

Ntibishoboka gusuzuma neza ibitigiri nyakuri bituruka mu mirwi mito mito vyoba vyaragize uruhara muri ico gitero canke mu myimenyerezo yo kugitegura ya ‘Strong Pillar’.

Igihe Hamas yariko irubaka urwo runani hagati yayo n’iyindi mirwi, yitegurira ico gitero, Hisham Jaber, yahoze ari intwazangabo yo ku rwego rwa Brigadier General mu gisirikare ca Libani, ubu akaba ari umuhinga mu kwihweza ibibazo vy’umutekano mu kigo c’ubushakashatsi ku karere k’uburasirazuba bwo hagati (Middle East Centre for Studies and Research), yavuze ko yibaza ko Hamas yonyene ari yo yari izi ivy’uwo mugambi, ariko ikaba yasavye iyindi migwi kuja kuyifasha ku munsi w’igitero.

Andreas Krieg, umwe mu bigisha ba kaminuza bakomeye atanga inyigisho ku bijanye n’umutekano muri Kaminuza ya King's College London, yabwiye BBC ati: "N'ubwo hari umugambi watunganijwe mu bufatanye, kuwushira mu ngiro vyakozwe mu buryo bugabuye, buri gice gikora uko kibona bikwiriye."

Yavuze ko ababa muri Gaza bavuze ko batangajwe n’intege nke zo kurinda umutekano ku ruhande rwa Israel, yerekana uburyo abateye bashoboye guca ku buhinga bwa none bwa Israel bwifashishwa mu kurereka ibitero, bagakoresha itumatumanako ridakenera internet.

Hugh Lovatt, akora ubusesanguzi ku bibazo vyo mu burasirazuba bwo hagati mu kigo ca Bulaya kijejwe imigenderanire hagai y’ibihugu (European Council on Foreign Relations), yavuze ko Israel ishobora kuba yaramenye ivy’iyo myimenyerezo yakorerwa hamwe, ariko igahubishwa no kuyibazako ibitari vyo, aho bayifashe nk’ibikorwa bisanzwe vy’iyo migwi yitwaje ibirwanisho y’Abanya-Palestina, aho kubifata nk’imburi y’igitero kinini cimirije kandi co ku rwego rukomeye.

Babajijwe ku bibazo bivugwa muri iyi nkuru, abo mu gisirikare ca Israel, IDF, bavuze ko "muri kino gihe duhanganye no kurangiza impungenge z’iterabwoba zitewe n’umurwi wa Hamas", nayo ibibazo bijanye n’ivyo gushobora kunanirwa kwabo, "bizokwihwezwa ikindi gihe".

Bishobora gutwara imyaka kugirango Israel yemere ku mugaragaro ko yananiwe, aho vyari gushoboka kuburizamwo ubwicanyi bwahitanye abantu bashika ku 1,200 kuwa 07/10/2023.

Hashobora kuba uruhindo mu bisata bishamikiye ku gisirikare, ku nzego z’iperereza no kuri leta ubwayo.

Ayandi makuru yegeranijwe na Paul Brown, Kumar Malhotra na Abdirahim Saeed.