Urubanza rwa Thomas Sankara muri Burkina: Barondera kumenya uwishe 'Che Guevara wa Africa'?

Inyuma y'imyaka 34, hafi umunsi ku wundi, kuva habaye iyicwa ry'umukuru wa Burkina Faso, Thomas Sankara, abantu 14 batanguye gucirirwa urubanza, bagirizwa uruhara mw'igandagurwa ry'umugabo azwi nka "Che Guevera wa Africa".

Iyo nkerebutsi y'uwashira imbere inyungu za Africa yose yishwe arashwe afise imyaka 37 n'abasirikare mw'itembagazwa ry'ubutegetsi ryabaye ku wa 15 ukwezi kw'icumu mu 1987, rikaba ryatumye umugenzi wiwe wa hafi , Blaise Compaoré ashika ku butegetsi.

Imyaka ine imbere y'aho, abo babiri bari batembagaje ubutegetsi, Sankara aca aba umukuru w'igihugu.

Compaoré ari muri abo 14 bagirizwa urupfu rwa Sankara ariko ubu aba hanze muri Cote d'Ivoire, aho yahungiye asugerejwe n'imyiyerekano y'abanyagihugu akaruhira gutanga imihoho mu 2014. Yagumye ahakana ko ata ruhara yagize mu rupfu rwa Sankara, kandi yavuze ko atazokwitaba urwo rubanza.

N'ubwo haciye igihe, Sankara aracari umuntu afatwa nk'ikimenyetso gikomeye cane muri Afrika - ahatari hake muri Afrika y'uburengero usanga amafoto n'amashusho yiwe ku ma tagisi (taxi) , ahandi nko muri Afrika y'Epfo indongozi itavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi Julius Malema avuga ko Sankara ari umwe mu bo yisunga mu vyiyumviro vyiwe.

Kuki Sankara abonwa nk'intwari gutyo?

Luc Damiba, umunyamabanga mukuru w'umugwi w'icibutso ca Sankara avuga ati:

"Kuri twebwe, Sankara yari umuntu akunda igihugu. Yarakunda abantu biwe. Yarakunda igihugu ciwe. Yaratanze ubuzima bwiwe kubera twebwe".

Igihe yatwara niho igihugu cahinduye izina - kiva kuri Haute Volta citwa Burkina Faso, bisigura "Igihugu c'Abagororotsi".

Sankara ubwiwe yaba mu buzima bubayabaye cane. Yaragabanuye umushasha wiwe n'uwo abandi bakozi ba reta. Yanakuyeho kandi imiduga y'abategetsi n'abashoferi babo anabuza gusubira kugendera mu bibanza bizimvye vyo mu ndege.

Amashure yari mu vyo yashira imbere - igihe yari ku butegetsi, urugero rw'abari mu mashure rwavuye kuri 13% mu 1983 rushika ku 73% mu 1987 yongera atunganya isekeza rinini ryo gucandaga mu gihugu.

Yanagaburiye amatongo abanyagihugu ayatse abari barayigaruriye aca ayaha abarimyi b'abakene, bica bituma umwimbu w'ingano uduga cane.

Sankara yashaka ko haba Africa yunze ubumwe yo guhangana n'ico yita "ubukoroni bushasha" bw'inzego nk'ikigega mpuzamakungu FMI/IMF n'ibanki y'isi. Bivugwa ko umunsi uwe yavuze ati : "Uwukugaburira niwe akugaba."

Yagize poritike y'imigenderanire yo kwanka ukurengerwa n'ibihugu vya rutura harimwo Ubufaransa, bwari busanganywe ijambo rikomeye mu bihugu bwahoze bukoronije muri Afrika harimwo na Burkina Faso. Umupfakazi wiwe Mariam yagirije Ubufaransa ko aribwo bwateguye igandagurwa ryiwe.

Umunyeshure kuri kaminuza yitiriwe Thomas Sankara ku murwa mukuru Ouagadougou yabwiye BBC ati: "Aracari prezida wanje. Ivyo yakoreye abanyagihugu twebwe nk'abakiri bato biduha intege zo gukora nka we".

Icibutso kinini c'imetero zitandatu kibumvye muri bronze ca Thomas Sankara carashizwe ahabona mu 2019 ku murwa mukuru Ouagadougou, mu nyuma kirasubirwmwo mu mwaka uheze kubera imyidogo y'ingene casa ubwa mbere.

Damiba avuga ko hari umugambi wo kwagura ico kibanza, harimwo no kwubaka umunara w'imetero 87 uhanamiye Ouagadougou.

Hazokwubakwa kandi intatemwa ya Sankara, inzu yo kurabiramwo sinema (cinema) hamwe n'inzu yo gusomeramwo ibitabo vyose bizokwitirirwa Sankara. Ivyo bikorwa vyose bifise intumbero yo guhererekanya ivyiyumviro vy'impinduka vya Sankara ku bazokwaruka muri kazoza.

Abanegura Sankara bo gute?

Poritike zikaze za Sankara zegamiye intumbero ya ''gi-socialiste" zaraneguwe n'amashirahamwe aharanira uburenganzira bwa zina muntu avuga ko zari zikabije.

Icegeranyo ca Amnesty International casohotse um 1986 cashize ahabona ingene abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi bapfungwa badaciriwe urubanza kandi bakaborezwa igufa bikomeye.

Serge Theophile Balima yabaye umushikiranganji wo kumenyesha amakuru muri reta ya Sankara avuga ati: "Nibaza ko atihuta cane mu kwemera iciyumviro ca demokrasi y'ivyiyumviro bitandukanye, gutyo abo batavuga rumwe ntibashobora kumuvugisha ngo bumvirwe."

Umwigisha Balima yongerako ati: "Yashaka guha ubutegetsi abanyagihugu, niko guca ashira ubutegetsi mu minwe y'abakozi basanzwe bari barongoye imigwi yo kurwanira "revolution [CDR], bari bafise igikorwa co kwigisha inyifato nziza mu buzi bwa reta n'abikorera ku giti cabo. Ariko mu nyuma nibo wasanga bakora amabi yagaruka agatera iceyi ubutegetsi bwiwe".

Mu kiganiro yahaye urubuga Africa Report mu 2020, Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo yahoze ari umukuru w'igihugu yatembagajwe na Sankara, yavuze ko yari afise "akantu ko kwibaza ko abantu bose bagenzwa n'inyungu zabo gusa hamwe n'amayeri ya poritike".

Kubera iki urubanza rwatevye kuba?

Uwo bavukana, Paul Sankara yavuze ati: "Twarindiriye igihe kirekire, imyaka 27 yose Blaise Compaoré yamaze ku butegetsi. Akiri ku butegetsi, nta n'uwari kurota ko hoba urubanza."

Umupfakazi wiwe yatanze ikirego mu 1997 kw'iyicwa ry'umugabo wiwe , ariko vyafashe imyaka 15 kugira sentare ntahinyuzwa ifate ingingo yo kuvuga ko amatohoza yobandanya.

Ariko nta ntambwe nini yabaye gushika Compaoré atembagajwe mu 2014.

Ku mwaka ukurikira ibisigarira vyibazwa ko ari ivya Sankara vyarazuwe ariko ibipimo vya ADN/DNA ntivyashoboye kwemeza ko ari rwiwe.

Mu 2016 abategetsi ba Burkina Faso barasavye icese abategetsi b'Ubufaransa gutanga inyandiko zijanye n'iyicwa rya Sankara.

Izo nyandiko zo mu bubiko zaravanyweyo zirungikirwa Burkina Faso mu ntambwe zitatu - urwa nyuma mu kwezi kwa kane mu 2021.

Abandi bakurikiranwa muri urwo rubanza ni ba nde?

General Gilbert Diendéré yari umukuru w'ibiro bikuru vya gusirikare ku butegetsi bwa Compaoré n'abandi 11 nibo bitezwe kurenguka muri sentare ya gisirikare. Bashobora kuregwa ivyaha vyo "gutera umutekano w'igihugu", "gufatanya mu kugandagura" no "kunyegeza ibiziga".

Diendéré asanzwe ari mu munyororo, inyuma yo gucirirwa igihano co gupfungwa imyaka 20 kubera uruhara mw'itembagazwa ryaburijwemwo mu 2015.

Mu bagirizwa harimwo kandi Diébré Jean Christophe, umuganga yasohoye urupapuro rwemeza urupfu rwa Sankara, yanditse ko Sankara yishwe n'urwo akarago (urupfu rusanzwe). Yagirizwa gusohora urupapuro rw'ikinyoma.

Uwundi muntu azocirirwa urubanza atahari ni Hyacinthe Kafando, yari umukuru w'abajewe gucungera Compaoré, umutahe mpuzamakungu wo kumufata ukaba warasohotse.

Uwo yagirizwa ko ariwe yari arongoye umugwi w'abagandaguye Sankara hamwe n'abandi 12.

Urwo rubanza ruzogira ingaruka nyabaki?

Hari ubwoba ko urwo rubanza rushobora kwongereza guhungabanya Burkina Faso, igihugu gisanzwe kigeramiwe n'ibitero vy'abagwanyi biyitirira Islam bafitaniye isano n'imigwi ya al-Qaeda na Etat Islamique (Islamic State)

Compaoré aracafise abamuyoboka mu gihugu, abaraba ibintu n'ibindi bakagabisha ko bamwe mu gisirikare bakimuyoboka bashobora gutera intureka.

Ariko nta kimenyetso c'ivyo kihari.

Ahubwo, prezida Roch Marc Kaboré yizeye ko urwo rubanza ruzohoyahoya ibintu rukanatuma haba ugusubiza hamwe mu gihugu.

Mathieu Pellerin wo mu kigo Intenational Crisis Group (ICG) yabwiye ikinyamakuru Jeune Afrique mu kwezi kwa kane mu 2020 ati: "Sinibaza ko urwo rubanza rushobora gutera umutekano muke.

"Ni gake ugusubiza hamwe biba ata butungane bubaye".