Uruhare rukomeye rw'abasirikare b'Afurika muri rumwe mu ngamba zitwazi cyane mu ntambara ya kabiri y'isi

Operation Overlord, inazwi ku izina rya D-Day Landings, ntabwo yari gusa igitero simusiga cy'ibihugu byishyize hamwe, Les Alliés, bitera Ubufaransa mu ntambara ya kabiri y'isi.

Ku itariki ya 15 y'ukwezi kwa munani, amezi abiri nyuma ya kimwe mu bihe bikomeye by'iyi ntambara, ingabo nyinshi zongeye kugabwa mu rwego rwo gutsinsura abasirikare b'Ubudage bari bateye.

Ni urugamba rwahawe izina rya Operation Dragoon, rukaba rwibukwa mu Bufaransa buri mwaka, hatumiwe n'abakuru b'ibihugu byo muri Afurika. Uyu mwaka, Perezida Emmanuel Macron w'Ubufaransa yakiriye ba Perezida Alassane Ouattara wa Côte d'Ivoire na Alpha Condé wa Guinea-Conakry.

Abasirikare bo mu bihugu Ubufaransa bwakolonizaga muri Afurika bari bagize bibiri bya gatatu by'ingabo z'Ubufaransa mu mwaka wa 1944 - bwari bumaze gutakaza abasirikare benshi nyuma yaho Ubudage bubuteye mu mwaka wa 1940.

Raffael Scheck, impuguke mu mateka w'Umufaransa, yabwiye BBC ati: "Abasirikare (b'Abafaransa) bagabwe mu majyepfo y'Ubufaransa bari ahanini abaturutse mu bihugu byo mu majyaruguru y'Afurika".

Bigereranywa ko abasirikare b'Abanyafurika barenga miliyoni imwe barwanye ku ruhande rw'aba Alliés mu ntambara ya kabiri y'isi.

Ku ikubitiro, Operation Dragoon yari yateganyijwe kubera rimwe n'igihe ingabo zindi z'aba Alliés zageraga muri Normandie mu majyaruguru y'Ubufaransa ku itariki ya 6 y'ukwezi kwa gatandatu mu 1944, ariko iza kuburizwamo kubera ikibazo cy'amikoro.

Ariko byabaye ngombwa ko iyo Operation Dragoon ikorwa nyuma yaho ubwo ingabo za Alliés zananirwaga gutsinsura ngo zisubize inyuma abasirikare b'Abadage kubera ibibazo byo kubura ibiribwa n'ibindi nkenerwa ku rugamba.

Intego yari ukwigarurira ibyambu byo mu karere kegereye Ubufaransa k'inyanja ya Méditerranée, bikaba byari gufasha mu gufungura akandi gace k'urugamba bikarushaho kotsa igitutu Abadage.

Umunyamateka Scheck abisobanura agira ati: "Ingabo z'Ubufaransa zagize uruhare mu ibohorwa ry'imijyi yo ku cyambu ya Toulon na Marseille".

"Aba Alliés bari bafite ikibazo gikomeye cy'ubwikorezi bw'ibikoresho by'intambara ndetse n'aho kubishyira, rero byari ingenzi kuyifata byihuse no kutagira ikindi ikorerwamo muri ako kanya".

Operation Dragoon yaciyemo ibice imitekerereze y'ingabo z'aba Alliés. Abongereza bari bahanganye n'irindi terwa ry'Ubufaransa bakaba bo bari bashyize imbere ibikorwa bya gisirikare by'aba Alliés mu Butaliyani.

Ariko kuba hari hacyenewe kwagura ahandi hantu mu Bufaransa ho kujya ibikoresho n'ibindi nkenerwa ku rugamba, ibyo ni byo byashyizwe imbere kurusha kujya mu Butaliyani.

Irangira ryihuse

Amakuru atangwa n'igisirikare cy'Amerika avuga ko ibyo bikorwa bya gisirikare byarimo abasirikare barenga 500,000 - abarenga 230,000 bakaba bari Abafaransa.

Icyo gitero cyarihuse cyane kurusha icyo muri Normandie - cyiswe Operation Overlord - kuko abasirikare b'Ubudage bari bamaze gushegeshwa n'icyo gitero cya mbere.

Mu gihe Operation Overlord yamaze amezi abiri n'ibyumweru bitatu, Operation Dragoon yo yari yamaze kurangira mu gihe cy'ukwezi kumwe.

Muri rusange, ingabo z'aba Alliés zavuze ko cyagenze neza: kubera kugira ibyambu byinshi, zashoboye kubona byoroshye ibyo kuzitunga n'ibindi bikoresho birimo n'abasirikare bandi bo guhanganira mu Burayi n'ibihugu byari mu cyiswe l'Axe.

Antony Beevor, Umwongereza w'impuguke mu mateka y'intambara, avuga ko byanihutishije isenyuka ryuko Ubudage bwari bwarigaruriye Ubufaransa.

Ariko abanenga ibyo, bavuga ko ibyifashishijwe muri icyo gitero cya kabiri byagize ingaruka itaziguye ku ntambara y'ubutita (Guerre Froide/Cold War).

'Umweenda w'amaraso'

Ingingo batanga nuko abo basirikare bagakwiye kuba barifashishijwe mu gukumira ko Ubumwe bw'Abasoviyeti bwigarurira ahantu hanini mu Burayi bw'uburasirazuba.

Ubutumwa abategetsi b'Ubwongereza n'Amerika bohererezanyaga bugaragaza ko Minisitiri w'intebe w'Ubwongereza Winston Churchill na Jenerali Dwight Eisenhower, umuyobozi mukuru w'ingabo z'aba Alliés, batumvikanaga kuri Operation Dragoon.

Ariko amagambo ya George Marshall wari ukuriye ingabo z'Amerika ku butegetsi bwa ba Perezida babiri b'Amerika (Franklin D. Roosevelt na Harry Truman) bo mu gihe cy'intambara ya kabiri y'isi, nyuma yaje gusubirwamo avuga ko Operation Dragoon ari "kimwe mu bintu twakoze cyatanze umusaruro cyane".

Uruhare abasirikare b'Abanyafurika bagize muri iyo ntambara ahanini rwakomeje kwirengagizwa.

Igice kinini cy'aba basirikare b'Abanyafurika basezerewe na leta y'agateganyo y'Ubufaransa mu mpera y'umwaka wa 1944.

Raffael Scheck yongeyeho ati: "Urebye Ubufaransa bwafashe icyemezo cyuko abasirikare babwo bagomba kuba ari abazungu. Nuko bwaka intwaro n'imyenda ya gisirikare abasirikare b'abirabura..."

"Byasize agahinda n'ipfunwe".

Abategetsi b'Ubufaransa banongeye guteza impaka guhera mu mwaka wa 1959: ubwo ibihugu Ubufaransa bwakolonizaga byabonaga ubwigenge, amafaranga yo mu gihe cy'izabukuru bwageneraga ababurwaniye bo muri Afurika yarahagaritswe, ibintu byakosowe gusa mu mwaka wa 2010.

Ariko mu mwaka wa 2017, François Hollande wari Perezida w'Ubufaransa yavuze ko Ubufaransa buzirikana abasirikare b'Abanyafurika baburwaniye, avuga ko bubarimo "umweenda w'amaraso".

Umunyamakuru w'Umufaransa Audrey Pulvar wagize uruhare mu bukangurambaga bwuko uruhare bw'abasirikare b'Abanyafurika rwazirikwanwa, agira ati:

"Iyo utekereje ku ibohorwa ry'Ubufaransa, ikintu cya mbere kiza mu mutwe ni amafoto y'umujyi wa Paris ukurwa mu maboko y'ingabo z'Abanazi cyangwa [amafoto y'] umusirikare w'Amerika ari mu modoka ya jeep".

"Nta na rimwe utekereza ku musirikare wo mu bice Ubufaransa bwakolonizaga wabohoye Marseille. Igihe kirageze ngo tuzirikane uyu musirikare mu mateka duhuriyeho y'Ubufaransa".