Sida drones-ku isugu beddelayaan qalab dagaal Galbeedka Afrika?

Kooxo jihaadiyiin ah ayaa si isa soo taraysa u fuliya weerarro ay geystaan diyaaradaha aan duuliyaha lahayn (drones) ah oo ka dhaca Galbeedka Afrika, taas oo sare u qaadday walaaca laga qabo inay dhisayaan awood geysan kara"dagaal dhanka cirka ah".

Hay'ad dabagasha rabshadaha oo lagu magacaabo Acled ayaa diiwaangelisay ugu yaraan 69 weerar oo drone ah oo ay fuliyeen koox xidhiidh la leh al-Qaacida, kuwaas oo ka dhacay Burkina Faso iyo Mali tan iyo 2023.

Sidoo kale laba garab oo ka tirsan ururka Daacish (IS) ayaa fuliyay ku dhowaad 20 weerar — inta badan Nigeria, oo muddo ku dhow 25 sano la daalaa dhacaysay kooxo fallaago ah oo kala duwan.

Weerarkii ugu dambeeyay ee drone ah ayaa ka dhacay gobolka Borno ee waqooyi-bari Nigeria 29-kii Janaayo, markaas oo jihaadiyiintu qaadeen weerar laba jiho ah — iyagoo adeegsanaya dhowr drone oo hubaysan iyo dagaalyahanno dhulka wax ka weeraray — kuna beegsaday saldhig milatari.

Ciidamada Nigeria ayaa sheegay in sagaal askari lagu dilay weerarka ay fuliyeen kooxda Islamic State of West Africa Province (Iswap), oo Acled ku tilmaantay laanta ugu firfircoon ee Daacish ee Afrika marka la eego "dagaalka drones-ka".

Falanqeeyaha sare ee Acled ee Afrika, Ladd Serwat, ayaa BBC-da u sheegay in jihaadiyiintu badanaa adeegsadaan drones ganacsi oo si fudud loo heli karo oo aan qaali ahayn, kuwaas oo lagu xidho walxo qarxa. Waxa kale oo ay u adeegsadaan sahan iyo kormeer si ay ugu diyaargaroobaan weerarro dhulka ah.

Inkasta oo dowladda Nigeria si adag u xakameyso soo dejinta drones-ka ganacsiga iyo kuwa hiwaayadda, islamarkaana mamnuucdo isticmaalka iyada oo aan oggolaansho rasmi ah la helin, haddana jihaadiyiintu waxay ku heleen shabakadahooda tahriibka ee ka gudba xuduudaha aan aadka u ilaashanayn ee gobolka, sida uu sheegay Malik Samuel oo ka tirsan xarunta cilmi-baarista Good Governance Africa.

Falanqeeyaha amniga Audu Bulama Bukarti ayaa BBC-da u sheegay in kororka adeegsiga drones-ka hubaysan iyo kuwa kormeerka ee kooxaha xagjirka ah ee Saaxil iyo harada Chad ay tahay arrin walaac leh, islamarkaana ay muujinayso isbeddel weyn.

"Drones-ku waxay yareeyaan kharashka weerarrada, waxayna u oggolaadaan dagaalyahannada inay xog ururiyaan iyagoo khatar yar abuuraya, sidoo kale waxay awood u siinayaan inay beegsadaan bartilmaameedyo milatari oo markii hore adkaa in la gaadho," ayuu yidhi.

Serwat ayaa sheegay in Iswap ay fulisay 10 weerar oo drone ah tan iyo 2024 kuwaas oo ka dhacay waqooyi-bari Nigeria, waqooyiga Cameroon, koonfurta Niger iyo koonfurta Chad — dhammaan dalal ay saameysay kacdoonka ka socda Nigeria.

Tiro la mid ah weerarradaas waxaa fulisay laan kale oo Daacish ah oo la yiraahdo Islamic State of Sahel Province (ISSP), sida ku cad xogta Acled.

Weerarkeedii ugu dambeeyay, ISSP waxay weerar ku qaadday garoonka diyaaradaha caalamiga ah ee Niamey, caasimadda Niger, iyo saldhigyo milatari oo ku dhow, 29-kii Janaayo. Wasaaradda gaashaandhigga ayaa sheegtay in afar askari ay ku dhaawacmeen, halka 20 ka mid ah weeraryahannadaas la dilay.

Serwat ayaa sheegay in waraka qaar sheegayaan in ISSP ay adeegsatay madaafiic iyo RPG-yo, halka warar kalena ay tilmaamayaan in drone la adeegsaday. "Haddii drone la isticmaalay, tani waxay noqonaysaa markii ugu horreysay ee ISSP ay Niger ku adeegsato drone walxo qarxa sidday," ayuu yidhi.

Kooxda jihaadiga ah ee sida ugu badan u adeegsata drones-ka waa Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM), oo xidhiidh la leh al-Qaacida. Acled ayaa sheegtay inay fulisay 69 weerar oo ka dhacay Mali iyo Burkina Faso, iyo hal weerar oo ka dhacay Togo.

Falanqeeyaha Acled ee Galbeedka Afrika, Héni Nsaibia, ayaa sheegay in barnaamijka drones-ka ee JNIM uu si degdeg ah u kobcay, kuna faafay shabakado isku xidhan oo ku yaalla Mali iyo Burkina Faso.

Warbaahinta Military Africa ayaa sheegtay in bishii Febraayo ee la soo dhaafay, JNIM ay sidoo kale adeegsatay drones loo yaqaan first-person view (FPV) — oo duuliyaha si toos ah uga arko muuqaalka drone-ka — si ay walxo qarxa oo laga sameeyay dhalooyin caag ah ugu ridaan saldhigyo milatari oo ku yaalla magaalada Djibo ee Burkina Faso.

Tani waxay ahayd koror weyn oo ku yimid awooddooda, maadaama drones-ka FPV — oo yar, dhaqdhaqaaq fudud leh, isla markaana si weyn loogu adeegsaday dagaalka Ukraine — ay u oggolaadaan in ay geystaan beegsi sax ah.

Malik Samuel ayaa sheegay in kooxaha jihaadiyiintu ay saameyn iyo tababar ka helaan dagaalyahanno shisheeye, isla markaana si joogto ah u qaataan xeelado cusub — laga soo bilaabo sameynta miinooyin waddooyinka lagu aaso iyo suumanno ismiidaamin ah, ilaa ay hadda barteen sida drones-ka caadiga ah loogu beddelo hub.

Weerarrada drones-ka ayaa laga yaabaa inay yareeyaan khasaaraha jihaadiyiinta, isla markaana kordhiyaan wax-ku-oolnimada weerarradooda, ayuu yidhi Samuel.

Nsaibia ayaa BBC-da u sheegay in inkastoo inta badan weerarrada JNIM ay ku beegsadeen ciidamo iyo maleeshiyaad la safan dowladda, haddana qaar ka mid ah ay ku dhaceen rayid, oo ay ku jiraan suuqyo ku yaalla deegaanno loo arkayay inay la safan yihiin dowladda.

Dhanka Iswap, waxaa la og yahay inay hal mar oo kaliya ku dishay rayid weerar drone ah — bishii Juun 2025, markii laba xoolo-dhaqato lagu dilay mid kalena lagu dhaawacay waqooyiga Cameroon.

Warbixin uu qoray cilmi-baare ka tirsan Machadka Daraasaadka Amniga ee Koonfur Afrika, Taiwo Adebayo, ayaa lagu sheegay in si loola tacaalo khatartan, ciidamada Galbeedka Afrika ay u baahan yihiin inay qaadaan weerarro ka hortag ah si ay u burburiyaan goobaha lagu ururiyo lagana soo kiciyo drones-ka, isla markaana ay helaan tiknoolajiyad lagula dagaallamo drones-ka, sida qalabka faragelinta signalka (jamming) iyo nidaamyada difaaca hawada.

Haddii kale, ayuu ka digay, jihaadiyiintu waxay sii xoojin karaan awooddooda dagaalka drones-ka, islamarkaana fulin karaan "weerarro saamayn weyn leh" oo sii kordhin kara xasillooni darrada Galbeedka Afrika.