COP26: Sabuwar yarjejeniyar sauyin yanayi ta duniya da aka cimma a Glasgow

An kulla yarjejeniyar dakile sauyin yanayi mai hadari a taron kolin sauyin yanayi na COP26 da aka yi a Glasgow.

Yarjejeniyar sauyin yanayin ta Glasgow ita ce ta farko da ta fito fili ta bayani a kan yadda za a rage yawan amfani da kwal, wanda shi ne ya fi gurbata muhali.

Yarjejeniyar ta kuma nemi rage fitar da hayaki mai gurbata muhalli cikin gaggawa tare da yin alkawarin karin kudade ga kasashe masu tasowa - don taimaka musu shawo kan ilolin sauyin yanayi.

Amma alƙawuran da aka yi ba za su yi tasiri ba wajan takaita dumamar yanayi da maki 1.5C.

Alƙawarin da aka na kawo karshen amfani da kwal a tattaunawar farko ta baya da kura bayan da Indiya ta nuna adawa a kan matakin amma a yanzu an cimma matsaya .

Ministan sauyin yanayi na Indiya, Bhupender Yadav ya nemi yadda kasashe masu tasowa za su daina amfani kwal da tsarin tallafin man fetur '' a lokacin da su ke fuskantar matsaloli wajan samar da ababen more rayuwa tare da kawarda talauci''.

A karshe kasashen sun amince '' su rage'' a mai makon kawar da amfani da kwal bayanda wasu suka nuna rashin jin dadinsu. Shugaban taron na COP26, Alok Sharma ya ce '' ya yi matukar nadama'' a kan yadda abubuwa suka faru. Sai dai ya ce yana da matukar muhimmanci a kare yarjejeniyar baki daya.

Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Antonio Guterres ya ce: "Duniyar mu za ta ci gaba da fuskantar barazana . Har yanzu ba mu tsira ba daga faruwar iftila'i sanadin sauyin yanayi''.

''Lokaci ya yi da za a dauki matakan gaggawa idan ba a yi haka toh ba zamu yi nasara ba wajan rage yawan hayaki da ke gurbata muhali''.

Ministar muhalli ta kasar Switzerland Simonetta Sommaruga ta ce: "Muna so mu nuna rashin jin dadinmu da yadda aka sassauta matakan aka dauka a kan kwal da tallafin albarkatun man fetur sakamakon rashin gaskiya.

Ta kara da cewa: "Wannan ba zai kusantar da mu zuwa samun makin 1.5C ba, amma zai kara sa mu wahala wajen cimma wannan buri."

Yadda abubuwa suka kasance a rana ta karshe

A wani bangare na yarjejeniyar, kasashe sun yi alkawarin ganawa a shekara mai zuwa don yin alkawarin kara rage yawan hayaki mai gurbata muhali ta yadda za a iya cimma burin da ake so na 1.5C.

Alkawurra na yanzu, idan an cika su , za su rage dumamar yanayi zuwa 2.4C.

Nasarorin da aka samu a taron

•Sake ziyartar tsare-tsaren rage hayaki mai gurbata muhali a shekara mai zuwa don ƙoƙarin ci gaba da cimma burin 1.5C

• Haɗin farko na alƙawarin iyakance amfani da kwal

• Ƙara taimakon kuɗi ga ƙasashe masu tasowa

Idan yanayin zafi a duniya ya haura sama da 1.5C, masana kimiyya sun ce akwai yuwuwar duniya ta fuskanci mummunar illa inda wasu miliyoyin mutane za su fuskanci matsanancin zafi.

Sara Shaw, daga kungiyar Friends of the Earth International, ta ce: "Ba komai ba ne illa abin kunya, kawai fadin kalmomin digiri 1.5 ba shi da ma'ana idan babu wani abu a cikin yarjejeniyar da za a kai. Za a tuna da taron COP26 a matsayin cin amanar kasashen kudancin Duniya."

Kasashe masu tasowa ba su ji dadin rashin samun ci gaba kan abin da aka fi sani da "asara da barna", da aka ce ya kamata kasashe masu arziki su biya matalauta sakamakon sauyin yanayi da ba za su iya daidaitawa ba.

Duk da cewa matakin da aka dauka a kan kwal ya sa wasu kasashe sun nuna rashin jin dadi, amma wasu masu lura da al'amura za su kalli yarjejeniyar ta karshe a matsayin nasara, suna cewa wannan shi ne karon farko da aka bayyana kwal a cikin takardun Majalisar Dinkin Duniya irin wannan.

Kwal shi ne yake da alhakin samar da kusan kashi 40% na hayaƙin mai gurbata muhali da ake fitarwa kowace shekara, shi yasa ya kasance abinda aka fi ba fifiko idan ana son a cimma makin 1.5C.

Haka kuma idan ana son a cimma burin da aka amince da shi a birnin Paris a shekarar 2015, ana bukatar rage fitar da hayakin da kashi 45 cikin dari nan da shekarar 2030 kuma zuwa kusan sifili a tsakiyar karni.

Sai dai Lars Koch, darektan tsare-tsare na kungiyar agaji ta ActionAid, ya ce abin takaici ne yadda aka ambaci kwal shi kadai .

"Wannan ya ba kasashe masu arziki da suka shafe shekaru da dama suna gurbata muhalli damar ci gaba da hako mai da iskar gas,"