Zanga-zangar Iran: Ta yaya ƙasar ta shiga wannan yanayi, har Amurka ke shirin kai ɗauki?

Zanga-zangar ƙin jinin gwamnati a Iran wadda ta fara sanadiyyar tsadar rayuwa da kuma rashin amincewa da shugabanci, ta girgiza ƙasar a tsawon makonni biyu da suka gabata.

Ta yaɗu zuwa cikin birane da larduna, inda ake kyautata zaton cewa an kashe ɗaruruwan mutane a irin matakan da gwamnati ke ɗauka na dakatar da ita.

Yayin da Donald Trump ke gargaɗin cewa Amurka za ta iya kai wa ƴan ƙasar ɗauki, mun yi duba kan yadda aka yi ƙasar ta kai ga wannan yanayi.

1953: Hamɓarar da Mossadeq

Jami'an leƙen asiri na Amurka da Birtaniya su suka tsara yadda aka hamɓarar da zaɓaɓɓen firaministan Iran, Mohammad Mossadeq. Lamarin ya faru ne bayan hawansa mulki da shekara biyu, inda ya yi alkawarin mayar da ikon ɓangaren man ƙasar zuwa karkashin gwamnati, sai dai lamarin ya damu gwamnatocin ƙasashen biyu waɗanda tattalin arzikinsu ya dogara kan samun mai daga Iran ɗin.

Sarkin ƙasar da ke gudun hijira Sha Mohammed Reza Pahlevi ya koma ƙasar tare da karɓar jagoranci.

Lokacin shekarun 1960, ya dogara kan ƴansandan da ya kafa wajen taka burki ga ƴan adawa. Tsare-tsarensa sun mayar da mutane saniyar ware sannan yanayin mulkinsa ya janyo zanga-zanga da kuma yajin aiki. Daga nan ne kuma aka kafa dokokin mulkin soja.

1979: Juyin juya hali na Iran

Shah Mohammed wadda Amurka ke mara wa baya ya bar ƙasar ranar 16 ga watan Janairu bayan zanga-zanga ta tsawon watanni da kuma yajin aiki kan adawa da gwamnatinsa wanda shugabannin addini suka yi.

Makonni biyu bayan nan, shugaban addini Ayatollah Khamenei ya koma daga gudun hijira.

Bayan kuri'ar raba gardama, aka sanar da Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran ranar 1 ga Afrilu.

Sabon kundin mulkin ƙasar ya saka Khamenei zama jagoran ƙasar - kuma wani babban jigo a ƙasar. Bayan mutuwarsa a shekara ta 1989, an ƙara bai wa jagoran addini ƙarin ƙarfi. Har zuwa yau, babban jigo a addini ne ke riƙe mukamin wanda majalisar malamai ke zaɓansa.

Ana ganin ƙasar na amfani da tsarin mulki na addini saboda duk abubuwan da take yi tana bin koyarwar addini.

1979-81: Rikici kan tsare ƴan Amurka

Masu zanga-zanga sun ƙwace ikon ofishin jakadancin Amurka a Tehran a watan Nuwambar 1979, inda aka yi garkuwa da ƴan Amurka a ciki na tsawon kwanaki 444.

An sake sauran mutane guda 52 da suka rage a Janairun 1981. Wasu mutane da suka saje a matsayin masu fina-finai sun fitar da ƴan Amurka shida daga Iran, waɗanda suka tsere daga ofishin jakadancin. An kwaikwayi abubuwan da suka faru a Iran ɗin a fim ɗin Ango wanda ya samu lambar yabo ta Oscars a 2012.

1980-88: Ɓarkewar yaƙi tsakanin Iran da Iraqi

Takun tsaka kan batun mallakar wani wuri tsakanin Iran da Iraqi ya riƙiɗe zuwa babban yaƙi.

An ƙasa kashe wutar rikicin, inda aka yi ta gwabza faɗa da makamai masu guba da kai hare-hare ta sama kan birane. A wani lokaci guda, lamarin ya tsananta zuwa far wa wuraren da suka haɗa da tankokin mai a yankin Gulf, abin da ya janyo Amurka da wasu ƙasashe girke jiragen ruwa na yaƙi a can domin kare su.

Amurka ta kasance tana tattaunawar sirri da Iraqi tare da ba su taimakon kuɗi da makamai da kuma bayanan sirri, duk da cewa ƙasar ta kasance ƴar ba-ruwana.

Yaƙin ya ɗau tsawon shekara takwas, abin da ya janyo mutuwar mutane sama da rabin miliyan.

1985-86: Badaƙala a Amurka

Amurka ta riƙa aika wa Iran makamai cikin sirri, inda aka yi zargin cewa Tehran kuma na taimaka mata wajen sakin mutanen da mayaƙan Hezbollah ta yi garkuwa da su a Lebanon.

Haka kuma, ana kai ribar kuɗaɗe da ake samu ba bisa ka'ida ba zuwa ƴan tawayen da ke samun goyon bayan Amurka a Nicaragua.

1988: Harbe jirgin fasinja na Iran

Wani jirgin ruwa na yaƙi USS Vincennes mallakin Amurka ya harbe jirgin saman Iran a yankin Gulf ranar 3 ga watan Yuli, inda ya kashe duka fasinjoji 290 da ke ciki.

Amurka ta ce an yi kuskuren ɗaukar jirgin na A300 cewa jirgin yaƙi ne.

Yawancin fasinjojin sun kasance ƴan mahajjan Iran da ke kan hanyarsu ta zuwa Makkah.

2002: 'Masu ɗaukar nauyin ta'addanci'

A jawabin da ya yi wa ƴan ƙasar, shugaban Amurka George W Bush ya yi Alla-wadai tare da ayyana Iran a matsayin ƙasar da ke ɗaukar nauyin ta'addanci tare da ƙasashen Iraqi da Koriya ta Arewa.

Jawabin ya janyo fushi da ɓacin-rai a faɗin Iran.

2000: Fargaba kan nukiliya da takunkumai

A shekara ta 2002, wata ƙungiyar adawa a Iran ta bayyana cewa ƙasar na ƙiƙiro makaman nukiliya ciki har da samun sinadaran uranium.

Amurka ta zargi Iran da samar da shirin nukiliya, abin da ƙasar ta musanta.

Daga nan Iran ta shiga tattaunawar diflomasiyya da hukumar sa ido kan makaman nukiliya ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na tsawon shekara goma.

Sai dai, MDD da Amurka da kuma Tarayyar Turai sun kakaba takunkumai saboda irin tsare-tsare da gwamnatin Mahmoud Ahmadinejad ta ɓullo da su.

Wannan ya janyo kuɗin ƙasar ya rasa kashi biyu cikin uku na darajar da yake da shi a cikin shekara biyu.

2013-2016: Tattaunawa da kuma yarjejeniya kan nukiliya

A watan Satumbar 2013, wata ɗaya bayan hawa kan mulki da shugaba Hassan Rouhani ya yi a Iran, ya tattauna ta wayar tarho da shugaban Amurka Barack Obama - wanda shi ne irinsa na farko cikin sama da shekara 30.

A 2015, bayan tarin tattaunawar diflomasiyya, Iran ta amince da yarjejeniya ta tsawon lokaci kan shirinta na nukiliya tare da masu ƙarfin iko a duniya da ake kira P5+1 - waɗanda suka haɗa Amurka, Birtaniya, Faransa, China, Rasha da kuma Jamus.

Iran ta amince ta rage ayyukanta na nukiliya da kuma barin masu sa ido daga waje su shiga ƙasar karkashin yarjejeniyar, inda ita kuma aka ɗage mata takunkumai kan tattalin arziki.

2019: Zaman tankiya a yankin Gulf

A watan Mayun 2018, shugaban Amurka Donald Trump ya watsar da yarjejeniyar nukiliya, kafin sake saka takunkuman tattalin arziki kan Iran da kuma yin barazanar aikata haka ga ƙasashe da kuma kamfanoni da ke sayan mai daga ƙasar.

Tattalin arzikin Iran ya faɗa cikin matsi. Dangantaka tsakanin Amurka da Iran ta ƙara tsami a watan Mayun 2019, lokacin da Amurkar ta tsaurara takunkumai kan fitar da man Iran waje.

Iran ta mayar da martani. Inda a Mayu da Yunin 2019, tankokin mai shida suka fashe a Oman, abin da Amurka ta zargi Iran da aikata wa.

A ranar 20 ta watan Yuni, dakarun Iran sun harbi wani jirgi mara matuki na Amurka a mashigar Hormuz. Amurka ta ce jirgin yana kan iyaka, sai dai Iran ta ce ya shiga ƙasarta.

Iran ɗin ta fara warware wasu yarjeniyoyi da aka amince da su kan shirin nukiliya a watan Yuli.

2020: Kisan gillar Qasem Soleimani

Ranar 3 ga watan Janairu, aka kashe wani babban kwamandan sojojin Iran, Janar Qasem Soleimani, a wani hari da Amurka ta kai Iraqi da jirgi mara matuki.

Iran ta sha alwashin cewa "ramuwa mai tsanani na jiran" waɗanda suka kashe janar ɗin da kuma fita daga yarjejeniyar nukiliya ta 2015.

2021- 2022: Tattaunawar nukiliya

Shugaba Joe Biden ya ce zai sake shiga yarjejeniyar nukiliya da ɗage takunkumai kan Iran idan Tehran ta koma "bin ka'idojin da aka ginɗaya na yarjejeniyar nukiliya".

Sai dai zaɓen Ebrahim Raisi a matsayin sabon shugaban Iran a 2021 da kuma mamayar Rasha a Ukraine sun janyo cikas wajen ci gaba da tattaunawa.

2022: Tarzomar Mahsa Amini

Mutuwar Mahsa Amini ƴar shekara 22 lokacin da take tsare, bayan kama ta da ƴansandan Hisbah suka yi kan zargin ƙin saka hijabi, ya janyo kazamar zanga-zanga a faɗin Iran da kuma kiraye-kirayen mutunta mata.

Zanga-zangar na cikin waɗanda suka girgiza ƙasar - bayan wadda aka yi a 2009 kan zargin tafka maguɗi a zaɓe da kuma zanga-zangar 2017 da 2019 a yankunan matalauta.

An kashe ɗaruruwan masu zanga-zanga tare da kama dubbai lokacin da gwamnati ta ɗauki tsauraran matakai.

2023: Musayar fursunoni da harin Hamas a Isra'ila

A watan Satumba, an saki ƴan Amurka biyar daga gidan yarin Iran a matsayin wani ɓangare na yarjejeniyar dala biliyan shida, wadda kuma ta saka komawar ƴan Iran biyar gida waɗanda aka tsare a Amurka - An kuma sake kuɗaɗen Iran da aka riƙe a Koriya ta Kudu.

A wata na gaba, ƙungiyar Hamas wadda ke goyon bayan Iran na tsawon shekaru, ta kaddamar da hari kan Isra'ila, inda ta kashe sama da mutum 1,200 da kuma yin garkuwa da 251.

2024: Ɓarkewar rikici tsakanin Isra'ila da Iran

Iran ta zargi Isra'ila da kashe janar-janar ɗin sojojinta a wani hari kan ofishin jakadancin ƙasar a Damascus, babban birnin Siriya, inda ƙasar ta kaddamar da hari kai-tsaye kuma na farko zuwa ga Isra'ila.

Amurka da ƙawayenta na yamma sun taimakawa Isra'ila wajen kaƙƙaɓe yawancin makaman linzami da Iran ta harba.

Isra'ila ta kashe jagororin Hamas da Hezbollah waɗanda ke samun goyon bayan Iran da kaddamar da hari cikin Iran.

Yunin 2025: Yaƙin Isra'ila da Iran

Isra'ila ta kai jerin hare-hare kan cibiyoyin soji da kuma na nukiliya na Iran, inda suka kashe manyan kwamandoji da kuma masana kimiyya.

Iran ta mayar da martani ta hanyar harba makaman linzami da aika jirage marasa matuki zuwa Isra'ila.

A ɗaya gefe, Amurka ta kaddamar da hare-hare ta sama kan cibiyoyin nukiliya na Iran guda uku, tare da burin ƙarya lagon shirin nukiliya na ƙasar.

An cimma yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta bayan rikici na tsawon kwanaki 12.

Disambar 2025: Cafke masu zanga-zanga kan barazanar tumɓuke gwamnati

Zanga-zangar ta baya bayan-nan ta fara ne a Tehran, babban birnin ƙasar kan matsin tattalin arziki. Ta yaɗu cikin sauri zuwa birane da ke faɗin larduna 31 na ƙasar.

Zanga-zangar tare da kiraye-kirayen kawo karshen Jamhuriyar Musulunci da mulkin jagoran addinin ƙasar Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, ta saka gwamnati ɗaukar tsauraran matakai, inda aka ruwaito kama mutum sama da 10,000 da kuma kisan ɗaruruwa.

Gwamnatin Iran ta ɗauki matakin katse hanyoyin intanet.

Shugaba Donald Trump ya yi gargaɗin cewa Amurka na duba "yiwuwar ɗaukar matakai" domin kai wa ƴan kasar ta Iran taimako.