Ƙasa 10 da kungiyar IS ke tafka ta'addanci a duniya

A ranar 29 ga watan Yunin 2014, shekara shida kenan baya, ƙungiyar nan mai iƙirarin jihadi, IS ta kafa ƙasa a Iraki da Syria inda ta yi kira ga Musulmi da ke fadin duniya su yi wa ƙungiyar da jagoranta, Abu-Bakr al-Baghdadi mubaya'a.

Al-Baghdadi ya jagoranci ƙungiyar har zuwa lokacin da ya rasu sanadiyyar wani samame da Amurka ta kai kan arewa maso yammacin Syria ranar 27 ga watan Oktobar 2019.

Kwanaki bayan nan kuma, IS ta ayyana Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi a matsayin sabon shugabanta.

A ƙarshen shekarar 2017, IS ta rasa akasarin muhimman sansanoninta da ke Iraki da Syria lamarin da ya kawo ƙarshen tsarin shugabancinta da kuma mamayar da ta yi wa yankuna da ma'aikatu.

Duk da haka, IS ta ci gaba da kafa rassa a India da Afirka ta tsakiya tun bayan da khalifanta ya mutu.

A yanzu haka, IS tana iƙirarin samun rassa har 16 a fadin duniya. Suna da bambanci kan yanayin ayyukansu.

Wasu daga cikinsu da ke yankin Afirka ta yamma "West Africa Province" ta yaɗu zuwa ƙasashe da dama yayin da mafi yawansu suka mamaye ƙasa ɗaya.

Ga bayanin ƙasashen da IS take ta'addanci:

Iraƙi

Iraƙi ne cibiyar IS da magabatanta sannan har yanzu ita ce ƙasar da mayakan ke iƙirarin sun kai akasarin hare-harensu.

Ana iya danganta salsalar IS daga al-Qaeda a Iraƙi, wadda ta samo asali bayan shigar dakarun da Amurka ta jagoranta a shekara ta 2003 ƙasar.

Kungiyar ta sauya salo da sake suna zuwa kungiyar Jihadi ta IS a Iraƙi a 2006 sannan ta kafa daularta da ake kira ISIL a watan Afrilu 2013.

Sannan ta zabi sunan IS bayan ƙaddamar da ''khalifanci'' a ranar 29 ga watan Yuni 2014, inda ta yi mamaya a wasu sassan Iraƙi da Syria.

Ayyukanta sun yi tsanani tsakanin 2014 zuwa 2017, ƙungiyar ta karbi ikon yankunan da dama da ke arewaci da yammaci da kuma tsakiyar Iraƙi, ciki akwai birnin Mosul da Tikrit da Fallujah da Ramadi.

Haka zalika ta dau alhakin kisa da bautar da tsiraru 'yan kabilar Yazidi da kuma ruguza gine-ginen tarihi da wuraren ibada.

Syriya

Kungiyar IS na da karfi a Syria domin ita ce ƙasa ta biyu da take ayyukanta na ta'addanci bayan Iraƙi. Ta mamaye birnin Raqqa kuma ana take ''khalifancinta''

Ta ƙafa shiyarta a Syria cikin watan Afrilu 2013 lokacin da ta hade kai da ƙungiyar Jihadi ta kasar wato Nusra.

Ko da yake akwai lokacin da ƙungiyar Nusra ta yi watsi da tafiya tare ta kuma ci gaba da alaƙanta kanta da al-Qaeda, IS ta ci gaba da ayyukanta a ƙasar ƙarkashin sunan da aka fi saninta a wannan lokaci wato ISIL.

A lokacin da ayyukan kungiyar suka yi tsananin a Syria a shekara ta 2014, IS ta yi iƙirarin mamaya a yankuna hudu na kasar.

A shekara ta 2018 ƙungiyar ta fuskanci tsananin matsi inda ta rinka samun koma baya a ayyukanta a wannan lokaci, don haka sai ta sake bayyana yankin da ta fi karfi a matsayin "Wilayat al-Sham".

Kungiyar ta fuskanci babbar koma baya a Oktobar 2017 lokacin da dakarun kurdawa Syria da ke samun goyon-bayan Amurka suka fatataki IS daga Raqqa.

A watan Maris din 2019 kungiyar ta rasa babban maboyarta da ke Baghouz na gabashin Syria.

Yammacin Afirka

IS ta sanar da kafa sabuwar cibiya a ''Yammacin Afirka'' a watan Maris din 2015 bayan amsa bukatar kungiyar Jihadi ta Najeriya wato Boko Haram don yaki tare.

Ta bayyana kanta a matsyain (ISWAP) wato ''kungiyar IS ta yammacin Afrika''.

ISWAP na ayyukan ta'addancinta a yankunan arewa maso gabashin Najeriya, Borno da yankunan tafkin Chadi, da ikirarin ta na Nijar da Mali da Burkina Faso da Kamaru da Chadi.

Tun kaddamar da ita, ISWAP ta dau alhakin hare-hare a kan dakarun Najeriya da Jami'an tsaro. Ta kuma kai hare-hare kan al'ummar kirista.

A watan Agustan 2016, ISWAP ta fuskanci rabuwar kawuna lokacin da IS ta maye gurbin shugabanta Abu Bakr bin-Muhammad Shekau da Abu Musab al-Barnawi, hakan ya haddasa rabuwar kawuna a kungiyar.

Shekau ya ja mabiya da dama sannan ya mayar da sunan kungiyarsa ta asali, Jama'at Ahl al-Sunna lil-Da'wah wal-Jihad (wanda aka fi sani da Boko Haram).

Manyan kafofin yadda labarai da gwamnati na danganta ayyukan ISWAP a iyakokin Burkina Faso da Mali da Nijar da kungiyar Islamic State in the Greater Sahara (ISGS).

A shekara ta 2019, ISGS a ta dau alhakin kai harinta na farko, amma alamominta sun soma ne tun farkon watan Mayun 2015 bayan wani mayakin Jihadi Adnan Abou Walid al-Sahraoui ya bayyana mubaya'arsa ga shugaban IS al-Baghdadi.

Sinai

Mayakan Sinai (A Larabci: Wilayat Sinai) sunan da bangaren IS na Masar ke amfani da shi kenan.

An ƙirƙiri kungiyar a Nuwamba 2014 lokacin da kungiyar jihadin kasar Ansar Bayt al-Maqdis, wacce ke ayyukanta tun 2011, ta sanar da mubaya'a ga IS.

Mayakan Sinai na kai hare-harensu ne kan sojojin Masar da sauran jami'an tsaro da kuma kiristoci 'yan darikar kibdawa a ƙasar.

A Janairun 2020, sabon shugaban IS Abu Hamza al-Qurashi ya sanar da cewa sabon reshen kungiyar zai ke kai hare-hare kan Yahudawan Isra'ila da wasu sassan.

A sanarwar al-Qurashi ya bukaci hadin-kan mayakan Sinai domin cimma burinsu.

Khorasan

Kungiyar IS ta sanar da reshenta na ''Lardin Khorasan'' (Wilayat Khorasan) a Janairun 2015, wanda zai ke aiki a yankunan Afghanistan da Pakistan da wasu yankuna makwabta. Kungiyar ta kunshi tsoffin mambobin Taliban.

''Khorasan'' wani yanki ne na tarihi da ya kunshi wasu yankunan Afghanistan da Pakistan.

Kungiyar ta na ayyukanta a yankunan gabashin Afghanistan na Nangarhar da birnin Kabul, sai dai ta sha daukan alhaki hari a lardunan Kunar da Jowzjan da Paktia da Kunduz da Herat.

Tun kaddamar da ita, reshen ya dau alhakin kazamin hare-hare da harin kunar bakin-wake a sassan Afghanistan.

Libya

IS ta sanar da shigarta Libya a Nuwamba 2014, ta raba kasar gida Uku: Barqa da ke gabashi, Tripoli a yammaci da kuma Fazzan a kudanci. Ta sha kai hare-hare kan jami'an tsaro, da na diflomasiyya da na jaridu a yankunan daban-daban na Libya.

Ayyukan IS a kasar ya ragu bayan watan Disamba 2016 lokacin da kungiyar ta rasa birnin Sirte.

Kungiyar ta yi kokarin komawa Libya, ta zafafa hare-hare a Agustan 2017 zuwa Afrilu da Yuni 2019, yanzu haka dai ba ta da wani ƙarfi sosai a kasar.

Tsakiyar Afirka

IS na amfani da sunan da ta zaba (Wilayah Wasat Ifriqyah) wajen ayyukanta a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyar Congo da Mozambique.

IS ta sanar da kafa reshenta a watan Afrilu 2019 a kasar da daukan alhakin kisa na farko a DRC.

Bayan wata biyu, a watan Yuni 2019, IS ta sake daukan alhakin wani hari na farko a cikin Mozambique.

Kungiyar ta dau alhakin hare-hare a arewa maso gabashin DRC, kusa da iyakar Uganda kan dakarun wanzar da zaman lafiya, sannan a yankin Cabo Delgado na arewacin Mozambique ta matsawa Jami'an tsaro, da kai hari kan Kiristoci da dakarun ƙetare.

Cabo Delgado yankin Musulmi ne kuma galibinsu matalauta ne.

Gabashin Asiya

Reshen kungiyar na gabashin Asiya na kai hare-hare a Philippines, da wasu hare-hare kililan a Indonesia.

IS ta sanar da cewa ta samu mubaya'a daga mayaka a Philippines a Nuwamba 2014. Ta kai harinta na farko a Indonesia a Janaurin 2016 sannan harinta na farko a watan Maris a Philippines duk a wannan shekarar.

Reshen ya kasance labarin da kafafan yadda labarai suke bude jigon shirinsu da shi a Mayun 2017, lokacin da wani bangare na IS ya karbe ikon birnin Marawi na Philippines a tsibirin Mindanao, an shafe wata biyar ana yaki kafin daga bisani aka fatataki kungiyar a Oktoban wannan shekarar.

Yemen

IS ta sanar da bullarta a Yemen a watan Nuwamba shekara ta 2014. Kungiyar ta dau alhakin harin farko a kasar, a wani harin kunar bakin-wake da aka kai cikin masallaci kan 'yan tawayen Houthi a Maris din 2015.

Tun Yuli 2018, ake gwabza rikici da gaba mai tsanani tsakaninta da al-Qaeda reshen Yemen. IS ta zargi al-Qaeda da hada-kai da dakarun gwamnatin Yemen wajen yakarsu.

IS ta yi tasiri a tsakiyar al-Bayda, a yankunan da suka hada da Qaifa, sai dai ta sha daukan alhakin hare-hare a birnin Sanaa da Aden da Ibb da Dhale.

Ma'aikatar tsaro ta Amurka ta bayyana IS reshen Yemen a matsayin wata kungiyar ta'adda ta musamman da aka kirkira a ranar 19 ga watan Mayun 2016.

Pakistan

A ranar 15 ga watan Mayu 2019 aka kafa shiyar IS a Pakistan. Ba wai wannan shi ne karon farko da kungiyar ke ayyuka a cikin kasar ba, kafin wannan lokaci tana karkashin Mayakan Khorsan.

A Afrilu 2015 kungiyar ta kai harin farko a Pakistan.

IS ta kuma dau alhakin hare-hare a Karachi da Lahore da Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Hare-haren kungiyar sun sha bamban, sannan har kan Sojin Pakistan suke kai hari, da 'yan sanda da jami'an leken asiri da 'yan Shi'a da Kiristoci da mayakan Taliban da suke hamayya da su a Pakistan, sannan suna kai hari kan limamai da mutanen da suke zargi nayi wa gwamnati aiki.

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