Alamun da ke nuna Rwanda ke goyon bayan ƴan tawayen M23 a DR Congo

Masu zanga-zanga a Kinshasa, babban birnin Jamhuriyar Dimokraɗiyyar Kongo na ta ƙona hotunan shugaban Rwanda da kuma kekketa tutar ƙasar bayan ƴan tawayen M23 sun karɓe ikon yankuna da dama a birnin Goma da ke gabashi.

Fushinsu ya karkata ne ga Shugaban Rwanda Paul Kagane, wanda suke zargi da goyan bayan ƴan tawayen - zargin da Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta daɗe da yi.

A zahiri, tawagar ƙwararrun Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta tabbatar da cewa sojojin Rwanda ke kula da ayyukan M23, ta kuma ba da cikakken bayani kan yadda sojojin Rwanda ke horar da ƴan M23 da aka ɗauka da kuma yadda ƙungiyar ke samun goyon bayan manyan makamai daga Rwanda.

Goma, wanda ke kusa da wani dutse mai aman wuta a gefen tafkin Kivu, yana kan iyaka da Rwanda. Shi ne babban birnin lardin Kivu ta Arewa mai arzikin ma'adinai - kuma muhimmin cibiyar kasuwanci, ya kuma kasance babbar matattara ta tawagar wanzar da zaman lafiya ta MDD.

Birnin ya kuma kasance mafaka ga waɗanda ke tserewa rikicin da ke tsakanin mayaƙan M23 da sojoji wanda ya sake farfadowa a ƙarshen shekarar 2021- inda yawan mutanen ya kusa miliyan biyu.

Mutanen sun kuma sake fuskantar barazana bayan faɗa ta ɓarke a birnin a daren Lahadi inda ake ta jiyo ƙarar fashewar abubuwa a kan tituna, wanda a yanzu ya ke cike da gawawwaki.

Babu tabbacin haƙiƙanin abin da ke faruwa a yanzu sakamakon katse layukan waya, da wutar lantarki da ruwan sha. Sai dai ana ganin ƴan tawayen sun kwace akasari, in ma da duka birnin ba.

'' Babu wani tambaya kan cewa akwai dakarun Rwanda a Goma da ke goyon bayan M23,'' a cewar shugaban tawagar zaman lafiya na Majalisan Dinkin Duniya Jean-Pierre Lacroix, duk da dai ya kara da cewa zaiyi wahala a iya faɗin iya adadin sojojin da ke Goma.

A zahirin gaske wasu sojojin Kongo da ke Goma da suka miƙa wuya a ranar litinin, sunyi hakan ne bayan tsallaka iyaka zuwa Rwanda.

Tun lokacin da aka fara rikicin, shugaba Kagame ya sha musanta cewa yana da hannu wajen goyon bayan ƴan tawayen M23, waɗanda suke da kayan aiki da makamai kuma su ke samun ingantaccen horo.

Sai dai martanin nasa na zuwa ne a lokacin da zarge zargen ki cigaba da ƙaruwa kuma ake samun ''manyan shaidun'' da ke nuna goyon bayan da Rwanda ke yi wa ƙungiyar ƴan tawayen, a cewar Richard Moncrief, shugaban ƙungiyar taƙaita rikice rikice a duniya na Great Lakes.

'' Maganganun nasa sun fara komawa na halasta matakan kariya,'' ya shaidawa BBC.'' Musanta zargin goyon bayan Rwanda ga M23 na ƙara wahala.''

A ranar Lahadi, cikin wata sanarwa, ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Rwanda ta ce :'' Yaƙin da akeyi kusa da iyakar Rwanda na cigaba da zama barazan ga tsaron Rwanda da kare martabar iyakokin ƙasar, kuma hakan ya wajabtawa Rwanda cigaba da ɗaukan matakan kariya.''

Ma'aikatar ta ce ta damu kan ƙagaggun maganganu marasa tushe da akayi su domin a rikitar da mutane kuma basu da cikkaken bayanai dangane da rikicin.

A wurin Kagame, bayanan sun ta'allaƙa ne da kisan ƙare dangi da akayi a Rwanda na tsawon fiye da kwanaki 100 a shekarar 1994.

Ƴan tawayen kabilar Hutu da ke da hannu a kisan aƙalla mutane 800,000- akasarinsu ƴan kabilar Tutsi- sun tsere zuwa wurin da a yanzu ya zama Jamhuriyar Dimokraɗiyyar Kongo, inda wasunsu su ka kafa ƙungiyar Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR).

Wannan ƙungiyar ƴan tawayen na cigaba da kasancewa a gabashin DR kongo- kuma har yanzu akwai waɗanda ke da alhakin kisan ƙare dangin a cikinsu.

Kagame, wanda ya jagoranci dakarun ƴan tawayen Tutsi da suka kawo karshen kashe kashen fiye da shekaru talatin da suka gabata, yana kallon waɗannan ''mayakan kisan ƙare dangin'' a matsayin barzana ga cigaba da ɗorewar ƙasarsa.

Sau biyu gwamnatinsa na kai hari Jamhuriyar Dimokraɗiyyar Kongo, ta na cewa ta na so ne ta dakatar da ƙungiyar ƴan tawayen Hutu daga kitsa hare hare kan iyakokin ƙasashen.

A farkon wannan watan, ya soki takwaransa Felix Tshisekedi na gaza magance ƙungiyar FDLR da kuma tattaunawa da M23, inda ya ce hakan na ƙara tsananta rikicin.

Mista Moncrief ya yarda cewa kai hari kan birnin Goma matakin siyasa ce kawai, inda ya ce ƙungiyar M23 ba ta buƙatar birnin ganin cewa a yanzu ta na da ''iko kan yankunan da suka fi Goma amfani.''

'' Wata hanya ce da Shugaba Kagame zai gwada ƙarfinsa kan wanda ke da iko a arewacin Kivu,'' a cewar ƙwararren.

Rwanda ta zargi gwamnan soji na arewacin Kivu, wanda aka hallaka a makon da ya gabata a fagen yaƙi, da haɗa kai da ƙungiyar FDLR.

The discovery of this kind of high-level collaboration, experts agree, would have been like a red flag to a bull for Rwanda.

Gano irin wannan gagarumin haɗin kan, a cewar ƙwararru zai kasance wani babban

Kafuwar ƙungiyar M23 na da alaƙa da waɗannan batutuwan- wannan ne kafuwar ƙungiyar ƴan tawaye na baya bayannan da ke iƙirarin suna yaƙi ne a bisa muradun ƴan kabilar Tutsi marasa rinjaye a gabashin jamhuriyar dimokraɗiyyar Kongo.

Farkon fitowarsu fiye da shekara goma da ya wuce ya zo ƙarshe ne da yarjejenyar zaman lafiya- bayan mayakan sun koma cikin sansanoni a Uganda.

Sai dai shekaru uku baya, sun fara barin sansanonin su na cewa ba'a mutunta ka'idojin yarjejeniyar ba, kuma cikin watanni ƙalilan su ka fara kwace yankuna.

Tawagar wanzar da zaman lafiya na majalisar dinkin duniya da aka aika tun shekarar 1999- ba a basu damar kai hari ba.

Dakaru biyu- ɗaya daga gabashin afrika, ɗaya kuma daga kudanci- waɗanda aka aika musamman a shekarun baya bayannan bisa bukatar Tshisekedi duk sun gaza daƙile ƙungiyar M23.

Hakan na nuni ga wasu manyan ayyukan ƙungiyar ta M23.

A cewar ƙungiyar ƙwararrun na MDD, ayyukan sun haɗa da karbar horo na watanni biyar a babban sansanin M23 da ke Tchanzu, wani yanki da ke kusa da iyakar Rwanda, da ya haɗa da kwasa kwasai kan aƙida sai kuma dabarun yaƙi.

Kwararrun sun kuma ce jam'ian Rwanda na yawan zuwa sansani inda ake kawo sabbin waɗanda aka ɗauka, ciki har da yara- wasu kuma su na shiga a karan kansu, wasu kuma an tilasta musu a lokutan da aka buƙaci a samo sabbin dakaru.

Ƙwararrun sun ce Sultani Makenga, wanda ya taɓa yi wa Kagame yaƙi a farkon shekarar 1990 a Rwanda kuma a yanzu shi ne jagoran sojojin M23, ya halarci wasu taron yaye sabbin dakaru 3,000 tsakanin 25 ga watan Satumba zuwa 31 ga watan Oktoba 2024.

Mai magana da yawun gwamnatin Rwanda Yolande Makolo bata amsa tambayar ko jami'an Rwanda sunje sansanin horar da mayaƙan M23, amma bata musanta zargin akwai yara sojoji ba, inda ta shaidawa BBC a bara cewa: '' Zargin ana ɗaukar yara a sansanonin shirme ne, mataki ne na sauya tunanin mutane ta amfani da labaran da ake fitarwa kan Rwanda.''

Sai dai rahoton ƙwararrun MDD ya bayyana yadda ƙarfin M23 ya ƙaru tun bayan watan Mayu inda a lokacin ake ganin adadin su 3,000 ne.

Ƙwararrun sunyi ƙiyasin akwai dakarun sojin Rwanda tsakanin 3,000 zuwa 4,000 a jamhuriyar dimokrɗiyyar Kongo- inda suka ce sun gano hakane ne daga hotuna, bidiyo daga jirgi mara matuƙi, da wasu bidiyoyin da aka naɗa, da jawaban shaidu da kuma bayanan sirri.

Mayaƙan M23 da aka kama sun ce ana yi wa ƴan Rwandan laƙabi da 'dakarun ƙawance'', wanda rahoton ƙwararrun na watan Disamba ke nuna cewa sunyi amfani da laƙabin ko a lokacin da su ke magana a wasu yarukan.

Sun ce wadannan dakarun Rwanda na musamman ɗin na ƙasar ne domin su horar su kuma marawa ƴan tawayen baya.

Uganda, ƙawar Rwanda, da ke nuna rashin jin daɗinta kan wata ƙungiyar ƴan tawaye a jamhuriyar dimokraɗiyyar ƙongo da ke barazana ga tsaronta, ita ma an zarge ta da taimakawa M23- inda aka hango sojojinta a Tchanzu.

Ƙwararrun daga MDD sun ce Uganda na kuma kai makamai, da karbar bakuncin jagororin ƴan tawayen, da kuma barin tafiye tafiye a kan iyakokinta ga mayaƙan M23- Zargin da Ugandan ta musanta.

A kwanakin baya, Kagame ya nuna bacin ransa kan cewa bayan Tshisekedi ya hau mulki a 2019, an ƙi amincewa da shawarwarin shi na cewa Rwanda ta yi aiki tare da sojojin Kongo domin yakar FDLR- ba kamar hare haren haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Jamhuriyar Dimokraɗiyyar Kongo da Uganda kan ƴan tawayen Islamist Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) ba.

Hakan zai iya bayyana sake farfaɗowar ƴan tawayen M23 a 2021- wanda alamomi ke nuna goyon bayan da Rwanda ke yiwa ƙungiyar na cigaba da karuwa.

Clémentine de Montjoye, babban mai bincike a sashen Africa a ƙungiyar Human Rights Watch, ya shaidawa BBC cewa hotuna sun nuna dakarun Rwanda a Sake, wani birni da ke wajen Goma a makon da ya gabata.

Ƙwararrun MDD sun ce shawarar M23 na kwace birnin Rubaya da ake haƙar ma'adinai a watan Mayu, ya biyo buƙatarsu na kankane cinikayyar Sinadarin Coltan mai ɗimbin arziƙi da ake amfani da shi wajen haɗa batura na motocin da ke amfanin da lantarki da kuma wayoyin hannu.

Rahoton su na watan Disamba na cewa a yanzu ƙungiyar na karbar aƙalla dala 800,000 duk wata daga harajin Coltan a Rubaya- kuma suna tabbatar da cewa an kai tan 120 na Coltan din kai tsaye zuwa Rwanda duk wata.

Rahoton ya kuma haɗa da hotunan taurarin ɗan Adam da ke nuna yadda aka faɗaɗa tituna a watan Satumba a gefen Congo na iyakar Kibumba domin bayar da damar manyan motoci su shiga, wanda a baya basa iya amfani da hanyan su shiga Rwanda.

Miss De Montjoye ta bayyana cewa manyan makaman da M23 ke amfani da su, sauran ƙungiyoyin ta'addanci da ke gabashin DR Congo ba sa iya samun su.

'' A farkon shekarar 2024, mun rubuta yadda dakarun Rwanda da M23 suka harba rokoki samfurin 122mm kan sansanonin ƴan gudun hijira,'' ta shaidawa BBC.

'' Da irin waɗannan goyon bayan soji da M23 suka samu ne suka iya irin wannan kutse a Goma.''

Ƙwarraun MDD sun kuma taskace wasu misalan da dama, ciki har da amfani da makamai masu linzami da ke kai hari kan tankokin yaki da ake ƙera a Isra'ila.

Mr Moncrief ya kuma ce M23 na kuma amfani da fasahar da ke katse amfani da na'urar GPS da ya hana sojojin Congo amfani da jirage maras matuƙa da suka samu daga China.

Shugaba Kagame ya yi watsi da rahoton MDD, inda ya ce sunyi biris da laifukan da DR Congo sukayi, su ka mayar da hankali kan '' ƙaƙaggun matsaloli'' da M23 suka samar.

A yanzu ƙasashen gabashin Afrika wanda shugaban Kenya je jagoranta, na ƙoƙarin shiga tsakani, duk da dai Tshisekedi ya ce ba zai halarci taron da aka shirya cikin gaggawa ba.

Masu sanya ido sunce Shugaba Kagama zai faɗa wa duk wani mai shiga tsakani cewa magana kan ƙungiyar FDLR ne kawai za a iya tattaunawa ganin ya dage kan cewa kasancewarsu ya sa DR Congo ta zama makwabciya mai hatsari- wani batu da ya nanata a wata hira da manema labarai a farkon watannan.

'' A gaskiya, a shekaru 30 da suka wuce idan mutum na so ya fahimci inda matsalar take a DR Congo kuma menene maslahar, ba sai ya zama ƙwararre ba,'' inji Kagame.