Ƙasashen Afirka 10 da suka fi fuskantar juyin mulki

Afirka na saman jerin nahiyoyi da suka fi fuskantar juyin mulki tun shekarar 1950.

Kusan juyin mulki bakwai cikin goma da aka yi a duniya ya faru ne a nahiyar, a cewar alkaluma da masu bincike daga Amurka Jonathan Powell da Clayton Thyne suka tattara.

Tun shekara ta 2000, kusan kashi uku na juyin mulki da aka samu sun faru ne a ƙasashen da Faransa ta yi wa mulkin mallaka.

Baki-ɗaya, ƙasashen Afirka 45 ne suka fuskanci aƙalla yunkurin kifar da gwamnati sau ɗaya.

1. Burkina Faso (Juyin mulki har sau 8)

Burkina Faso ta fuskanci juyin mulki har sau goma, ciki har da guda biyu a 2022.

Cikin lokutan da aka yi juyin mulkin sun haɗa da na shekarar 1966, 1980, 1982, 1983, 1987, 2015 da kuma juyin mulki biyu a shekara ta 2022 wnada ya hamɓarar da Paul-Henri Damiba, inda Captain Ibrahim Traoré ya zo kan shugabanci.

Idan akwai juyin mulkin da mutane ba za su taɓa mantawa ba shi ne na ranar 15 ga watan Oktoban, 1987. A lokacin faɗa ya ɓarke a fadar shugaban ƙasa tsakanin ƴan tawaye da kuma masu mubaya'a ga shugaban ƙasa.

Blaise Compaoré, wanda ya samu saɓani da Thomas Sankara kan yadda za a kawo sauyin gwamnati, ya ƙwace iko da mulki a wani juyin mulki mai zafi. An kashe Sankara tare da wasu muƙarrabansa 12.

A ranar 31 ga watan Oktoban 2014, aka hamɓarar da Blaise Compaoré bayan wani bore da mutane suka yi, bayan da shugaban ya yi yunkurin yi wa kundin mulki garambawul don ci gaba da zama kan mulki.

Tun bayan faɗuwar gwamnatin Compaoré, ƙasar ta fukanci kalubale iri-iri, musamman ma yaƙi da masu ikirarin jihadi da suka addabi ƙasar.

2. Saliyo (An samu nasarar juyin mulki bakwai)

Saliyo tana da tarihin aika mata sojoji domin shiga tsakani, saboda rashin haɗin kai da kuma rarrabuwa tsakanin sojojin ƙasar. Tun bayan samun ƴancin kai, an yi ta samun juyin mulki.

Sojoji sun hamɓarar da gwamnatin Siaka Stevens ranar 21 ga watan Maris ɗin, 1967. Jami'ai karkashin jagorancin Birgediya David Lansana ne suka kifar da shi bai daɗe ba da samun nasara a zaɓe. Sojojin sun yi iƙirarin cewa sun hambarar da shi ne saboda kaucewa rikicin bayan zaɓe. Juyin mulki na farko ya jefa ƙasar cikin rashin tabbas da zaman ɗar-ɗar da kuma shigar sojoji cikin siyasa.

Sai kuma juyin mulki na ranar 25 ga watan Mayun, 1997. Watanni kaɗan bayan yin zaɓe, waɗanda suka sha kaye da kuma ke cike da ɓacin rai na ganin jam'iyyar SLPP ta hau kan mulki, ba su yi wata-wata ba suka kifar da gwamnatin wanda shugaban rundunar soji ta AFRC Johnny Paul Koroma ya jagoranta.

Koroma ya kifar da gwamnatin shugaba Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, inda ya haɗa kai da ƴan tawayen RUF.

Wannan juyin mulki na shida na ɗaya daga cikin mafi muni da ƙasar ta fuskanta, abin da ya jefa birnin Freetown cikin ruɗani na tsawon watanni.

Tun 1997, ƙasar ba ta fuskanci wani juyin mulki ba. An gudanar da zaɓen gama-gari har sau huɗu tun 1997, inda aka yi nasarar miƙa mulki biyu (2007,2008), abin da ya ƙara ƙarfafa ingancin tsarin zaɓen ƙasar.

3. Uganda (An samu nasarar juyin mulki har sau 7)

Uganda ta fuskanci juye-juyen mulki da dama, ciki har da wanda Milton Obote ya yi a shekara ta 1966 wanda ya kawo karshen shugabanci na tsarin sarauta da kuma na tarayya.

Wannan ya biyo juyin mulki da Idi Amin Dada ya yi a 1971, inda ya hamɓarar da Obote tare da ƙafa gwamnatinsa mai tsauri da kuma tsanani - ita ma gwamnatin an hamɓarar da ita lokacin yaƙi tsakanin Uganda da Tanzaniya.

An ci gaba da samun rashin daidaito tare da afkuwar wani juyin mulki a 1985 da ya sake hamɓarar da Obote, inda Yoweri Museveni ya karɓi iko a 1986 bayan yaƙin basasa.

Tun bayan hawan Museveni kan mulki a 1986, ba a samu nasarar yin wani juyin mulki ba, duk da cewa an samu saɓanin siyasa da kuma na soji da kuma garambawul na kundin mulki don ya ci gaba da mulki.

4. Mauritaniya (Juyin mulki shida)

Mauritaniya ta fuskanci juyin mulki har sau shida tun shekara ta 1987. Kari kan wannan shi ne, akwai yunkurin juyin mulki da bai yi nasara ba da dama da aka samu, wasu ma masu muni. Sai dai ba a lissafa su cikin jerin juyin mulki saboda ba a yi nasara ba.

Juyin mulki na farko shi ne na ranar 10 ga watan Yulin 1978: Abin da ya kawo karshen gwamnatin Moktar Ould Daddah.

Kanal Mustafa Ould Salek ne ya jagoranci juyin mulkin na farko.

An hamɓarar da gwamnatin Daddah wanda ke kan mulki tun bayan samun ƴancin kai. Kanal Salek ya kafa gwamnatin mulkin soji bayan kifar da gwamnatin.

Na karshe kuma ya afku ne ranar 6 ga watan Agustan, 2008: Hamɓarar da gwamnatin zaɓaɓɓen shugaba Sidi Mohamed Ould Cheikh Abdallahi.

Ƙasa da shekara biyu da komawa mulkin farar hula, sojoji suka sake ƙwace iko.

Janar Abdel Aziz, tsohon shugaban rundunar tsaron shugaban ƙasa wanda aka kora, shi ne ya jagoranci kifar da gwamnatin Sidi.

Sojojin da suka yi juyin mulkin sun ce sun yi haka ne don kare kundin mulkin ƙasar bayan hamɓarar da su.

Daga nan ne majalisar shugabanni suka ƙwace iko. Daga baya Ould Abdel Aziz ya shirya zaɓen shugaban ƙasa, wanda ya lashe a 2009.

5. Sudan (Juyin mulki shida)

Sudan ce ƙasar da ka fi yunkurin juyin mulki a nahiyar Afirka, inda aka yi yunkurin kifar da gwamnati har sau 17 tun 1952, sai dai sau shida kaɗai aka samu nasara.

Duka waɗannan juyin mulki sun faru ne sakamakon rikice-rikice da saɓani da kuma rugujewar tattalin arziki da aka samu - abin da ya taimakawa sojoji ɗarewa saman shugabanci.

Ƙasar ta fuskanci mulkin sojoji da kuma matsala wajen sake mayar da gwamnati hannun farar hula - ga kuma rikice-rikicen siyasa, matsalar ƴan bindiga da kuma gaba tsakanin hukumomin tsaro.

Tun shekara ta 1958, sojoji sun yi ta shiga tsakani a can, abin da ya kai ga samun tarnaki a duk wani yunkuri na komawa mulkin dimokraɗiyya.

A 2019, aka hamɓarar da shugaba Omar al-Bashir, wanda yake kan mulki na tsawon shekaru, bayan zanga-zanga na tsawon watanni. Shi Bashir ya ƙwace iko ne a wani juyin mulki a 1989.

6. Burundi (An samu juyin mulki biyar)

Tun bayan samun ƴancin kai daga Belgium a 1962, Burundi ta fuskanci juyin mulki daban-daban, wanda yake alaƙa da rikicin kabilanci tsakanin ƴan kabilar Hutu da Tutsi da kuma ƙoƙarin iko tsakanin sojoji.

Burundi wadda ta kasance ƙaramar ƙasa da ke gabashin Afirka, ta samu juyin mulki har sau biya kafin shekara ta 1965.

Tasirin juyin mulkin ya jefa ƙasar cikin yanayi mara kyau da kuma rashin tabbas. Kowane juyin mulki da aka yi ya janyo rikice-rikice wanda ya shafi al'ummar ƙasar.

Lamarin ya kuma shafi cigban tattalin arzikin ƙasar da kuma rashin samun cibiyoyin dimokraɗiyya masu ƙarfi.

7. Mali (Juyin mulki biyar)

Tun bayan samun ƴancin kai daga Faransa a 1960, Mali ta fuskanci rikice-rikicen siyasa, abin da ya janyo juyin mulki daban-daban a ƙasar.

Ranar 19 ga watan Nuwamban, 1968, aka hamɓarar da gwamnatin Modibo Keita wanda wasu matasan sojoji suka yi tare da jagorancin laftanar-kanal Moussa Traoré.

Bayan zanga-zanga da ya janyo mutuwar gomman mutane, an hamɓarar da tsohon kanal ɗin wanda ya zama janar ranar 26 ga watan Maris, 1991 - wanda Laftanar-kanal Amadou Toumani Touré ya yi.

Toumani ya kafa kwamitin miƙa mulki. A 1992, ya shirya zaɓuka na farko a tarihin Mali. Inda Alpha Oumar Konaré ya zama zaɓaɓben shugaba na farko a ƙasar.

A watan Maris ɗin, 2012: Captain Amadou Sanogo ya hamɓarar da shugaba Amadou Toumani Touré, watanni biyu kafin karewar wa'adinsa na biyu. Daga nan Mali ta faɗa cikin rikicin tsaro da ke alaƙa da ƴan tawayen Tuareg da ke arewacin ƙasar da kuma yaɗuwar masu iƙirarin jihadi na Ansar Dine.

A ranar 18 ga Agustan 2020, aka hamɓarar da Ibrahim Boubacar Keita.

Kanal Assimi Goïta, wanda ya samu goyon bayan sojoji ya ƙwace iko a lokacin da matsalar tsaro da tattalin arziki suka ci gaba da taɓarɓarewa. Daga nan aka kafa gwamnatin rikon kwarya na soji.

A Maris 2021, Assimi Goita ya kifar da gwamnatin rikon ƙwaryar da ya taimaka aka kafa sannan ya ƙwace iko. Wannan shi ne juyin mulki na biyu da ya jagoranta ƙasa da shekara ɗaya.

8. Nijar (Juyin mulki biyar)

Jamhuriyar Nijar ta fuskanci juyin mulki sau biyar tun 1974, duka sun faru sakamakon rikice-rikicen siyasa, zanga-zanga da kuma matsin lambar sojoji.

Juyin mulki na farko ya faru ranar 15 ga watan Afrilun, 1974 lokacin da laftanar-kanal Seyni Kountché ya kifar da shugaba Hamani Diori, wanda aka zarga da cin hanci da kuma rashin ƙwarewa.

Sai kuma juyin mulki na ranar 27 ga Janairun 1999 wanda ya janyo kisan Janar Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara, sannan sojoji karkashin jagorancin Daouda Malam Wanké suka karɓe iko.

Wannan juyin mulki ya buɗe kofar komawa mulkin dimokraɗiyya, inda aka gudanar zaɓuka a shekarar.

Juyin mulki da ƙasar ta sake fuskanta shi ne na ranar 26 ga Yulin, 2023, wanda ya hamɓarar da gwamnatin Mohamed Bazoum. Janar Abdourahamane Tchiani, shugaban rundunar tsaron fadar shugaban ƙasa ya jagorancin kifar da mulkin Bazoum. Juyin mulkin ya zo ne daidai lokacin da ake samun ƙaruwar matsalar tsaro sakamakon hare-haren masu ikirarin jihadi - wannan ne kuma juyin mulki na biyar da Nijar ta fuskanta tun bayan samun ƴancin kai.

9. Najeriya (Juyin mulki biyar)

Tun bayan samun ƴancin kai a 1960, Nijeriya ta samu juyin mulki har sau biyar.

Tsakanin shekara ta 1966 da kuma 1999, sojoji ne suka ci gaba da mulkar ƙasar, ban da lokacin da aka koma dimokraɗiyya na kankanin lokaci karkashin jamhuriya ta biyu (1979-1983).

Juyin mulki na farko ya afku ne ranar 5 ga watan Janairun, 1966. Laftanar-kanal Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu da wasu jami'ai ne suka jagorancin yin juyin mulkin.

An hamɓarar da zaɓaɓɓen shugaba, Nnamdi Azikwe, da firaminista, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, tare da kashe wasu ƴan siyasa da dama.

Sai dai yunkurin juyin mulkin bai yi nasara ba.

Yunkurin juyin mulkin ya janyo rikice-rikicen kabilanci, musamman tsakanin yankunan arewaci wanda Hausawa suka fi yawa, da kuma kudanci, inda al'ummar Igbo suka fi rinjaye.

Juyin mulki na karshe da aka samu a Najeriya, ya faru ne a 1993, kuma tun wancan lokaci babu wani yunkuri da aka sake samu a Jamhuriya ta Huɗu - wanda ya mayar da tsarin jam'iyyu da yawa a cikin siyasar ƙasar a 1999.

10. Guinea-Bissau (Juyin mulki huɗu)

Guinea-Bissau, wata karamar ƙasa ce da ke yammacin Afirka, na cikin kasashen da suka fuskanci rashin daidaito na siyasa tun bayan samun ƴancin kai. An samu juyin mulki sau huɗu a tarihin ƙasar.

Tarihin siyasar Guinea ya nuna cewa shiga tsakani na sojoji yana cikin wani ɓangare muhimmi na iko, abin da ke janyo cikas ga dimokraɗiyya da kuma cigaba.

Sabon juyin mulki da aka samu a watan Nuwamban 2025, tuni ne cewa, duk da lokuta da aka ɗauka ana zama lafiya, lamarin ya nuna har yanzu akwai rashin daidaito na siyasa a ƙasar.