Yadda aka yi wa al'ummar Musulmin Bosnia kisan kiyashi

A wannan shekara ne aka cika shekara 30 da kisan da aka yi wa al'ummar Musulmin garin Srebrenica da ke Jamhuriyar Bosnia-Herzegovina, wanda Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta ayyana a matsayin kisan-kiyashi.

An yi kisan ne a lokacin yaƙin Bosnia a shekarar 1992-1995, na tsakanin ɓangarori da dama na Sabiyawan (Serbs) Bosnia da Musulmin Bosnia da kuma Kuroshawa (Croats).

A lokacin mayaƙan Sabiyawa sun kashe Musulmin da aka yi ƙiyasi sun kai 8,000 maza da yara a garin Srebrenica, da ke ƙarƙashin tsaron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya.

Kusan gawawwaki 1,000 ne ake ganin ana jiran gudanar da bincike domin gane su.

A shekara ta 2024, Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta ayyana 11 ga watan Yuli na kowace shekara a matsayin ranar tunawa da waɗanda aka yi wa wannan kisan-kiyashi.

Me ya faru a garin Srebrenica?

Yaƙin Bosnia ya ɓarke ne bayan wargajewar ƙasar Yugoslavia a farkon shekarun 1990.

Ita dai Jamhuriyar Yugoslavia ta kasance haɗaka ta Sabiyawa da Kuroshawa da Musulmin Bosnia da Albaniyawa da Slobaniyawa da sauran ƙabilu a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Kwaminisanci ta Shugaba Josip Broz Tito.

Bayan rasuwar Tito a1980, kiran da aka riƙa yi na bayar da 'yancin cin gashin-kai na sassan ƙasar shi ne ya kai ga kiran da a bayar da 'yancin cin gashin-kai na sassan ƙasar, lamarin da ya kai ga samun 'yancin kai na sassan.

A Bosnia, ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen da suka samu kansu bayan ɓallewar, al'ummomi suka shiga rikici - Sabiyawan Bosnia waɗanda Sabiya ke mara wa baya da Bosniyawa da kuma Kuroshawa.

Kusan al'ummar Musulmi Bosniyawa 40,000 ne ke zaune a garin Srebrenica a lokacin.

Yawancinsu sun je can ne daga wasu sassan ƙasar saboda Sabiyawa sun tilasta musu tashi saboda yunƙurin ganin bayan wata ƙabila a lokacin yaƙin Bosnia na 1992-1995.

An ayyana garin na Srebrenica a matsayin tudun-mun-tsira na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a 1993, inda aka tura wasu sojojin kwantar da rikici na Majalisar 'yan kaɗan domin kare su daga hari.

A ranar 11 ga watan Yulin 1995, Sabiyawan Bosnia ƙarƙashin jagorancin Janar Ratko Mladic suka far ma garin, inda suka ci ƙarfin sojojin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya.

Lokacin da sojojin Sabiyawan Bosnia suka shiga akwai kusan Musulmi 20,000 yawancinsu mata da yara da tsofaffi da suka fake a sansanin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da ke ƙarƙashin kulawar sojojin wanzar da zaman lafiya na ƙasar Holland a kusa da garin Potocari.

Yayin da rikicin ya tsananta, sai sojojin na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya suka miƙa wuya.

Sai aka kwashe mata da yara 'yan Bosnia a cikin motocin safa-safa aka kai su tudun-mun-tsira.

Su kuwa maza manya da yara aka tafi da su, inda aka riƙa yi musu kisan gilla a duk lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin guduwa ta dajin tsaunukan da ke kewaye da Srebrenica.

A cikin ƙasa da mako biyu sojojin Bosnia sun hallaka sama da Musulmi 8,000. Sauran ragowar 1,000 ko dai sun ɓata, ba a san inda suke ba ko kuma ba a iya gane su ba.

Sojojin tabbatar da zaman lafiya na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, da ba su da wasu makamai masu yawa, ba su iya yin komai ba yayin da ake kisan a gabansu.

Wane hukunci kotu ta yanke?

Kotun hukunta manyan laifukan yaƙi da Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta kafa a kan Yugoslavia a birnin Hague na Netherlands ta ɗaure kusan Sabiyawa 50 da aka kama da manyan laifukan yaƙi a Srebrenica, cikinsu har da Janar Mladic da kuma jagoran Sabiyawan Bosnia Radovan Karadzic.

An yanke wa Mladic da Karadzic hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai a kan laifin kisan-kiyashi.

Kafin ya ayyana hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai a kan Mladic a 2017, babban alƙalin kotun ta duniya, Judge Alphons Orie ya ce : ''Miyagun laifukan da aka aikata sun kasance daga cikin miyagun laifuka mafiya muni da tsabar rashin imani a kan bil'Adama.''

Kotun ta saurari bayanai masu tayar da hankali daga waɗanda suka tsira daga kisan daga dangin waɗanda aka kashe.

An binne wasu mazan da ransu, yayin da wasu kuma aka tilasta musu kallon yadda ake kashe 'ya'yansu.

Yawancin waɗanda aka kashe a lokacin kisan-kiyashin na Srebrenica an binne su ne a wata maƙabarta ta Potocari da ke kusa.

Daga baya tsohon Babban Sakataren Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, Kofi Annan ya ayyana cewa:

''Mummunan abin tausayin da aka yi a Srebrenica zai ci gaba da damun Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya har abada.''

'Babban laifi ne amma ba kisan-kiyashi ba'

Yawancin Sabiyawan Bosniya da sauran mutane da dama a Sabiya kusan a kodayaushe suna cewa abin da ya faru a garin Srebrenica a1995 ya kai kisan-kiyashi.

A 2024, wani ɗanmajalisar dokokin Bosnia ya amince da wani rahoto da ke musanta cewa laifin kisan-kiyashi ne da aka yi wa Musulmi 8,000 a garin Srebrenica a lokacin yaƙin Bosnia.

Jagoransu Milorad Dodik ya ce: ''Abin da sojojin Bosnia suka yi a Srebrenica babban kuskure ne".

"Babban laifi ne amma ba kisan-kiyashi ba," in ji Dodik.

Matakin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na ayyana duk ranar 11 ga watan Yuli a matsayin ranar duniya ta alhini da tunawa da kisan-kiyashin Srebrenica, shi ma ya yi Allah-wadarai da duk wani yunƙuri na musanta kisan-kiyashi da kuma yaba wa waɗanda suka aikata laifin yaƙi.

Yaya yawan al'ummar yankin yake yanzu?

Kafin yaƙin 1990, kusan yawancin al'ummar Srebrenica Muslmin Bosniya ne. To amma yanzu yawancinsu Sabiyawa ne.

A sakamakon yaƙin, Bosnia ta rabu biyu – Jamhuriyar Srpska da kuma Tarayyar Bosnia-Herzegovina. Srebrenica na cikin Jamhuriyar Srpska.

Tun bayan yaƙin, al'ummar Bosnia sun ragu a Srebrenica, yayin da Sabiyawa suka ƙaru.

A yanzu al'ummar Sabiyawa sun fi yawa a Jamhuriyar Srpska, yayin da Musulmi suka fi yawa a Jamhuriyar Bosnia-Herzegovina.