Wane ne Ayman Al-Zawahiri?

Ayman al-Zawahiri, wanda Amurka ta kashe shi a wani harin da ta kai da jirgi matuƙi a Afghanistan, ana alaƙanta shi da babban mai tsara wa al-Qaeda tuggu.

Al-Zawahiri likitan tiyatar ido ne da ya taimaka wajen ƙirƙirar ƙungiyar masu da'awar jihadi ta Masar, ya karɓi ragamar shugabancin al-Qaeda, bayan kashe Osama Bin Laden a watan Mayun 2011.

Kafin sannan, Zawahiri ya kasance babban na hannun daman Bin Laden, kuma ƙwararrau sun yi amanar cewa shi ne jigon tsara harin 11 ga watan Satumbar 2001 da aka kai kan Amurka.

Zawahiri shi ne na biyu bayan Bin Laden a cikin jerin mutum 22 da Amurka ke nema ruwa a jallo tun shekarar 2001, kuma ta sanya tukwicin dala miliyan 25 kan duk wanda ya kai mata kan Zawahiri.

A shekarun da suka biyo bayan hare-haren, Zawahiri ya zama fitaccen mai magana da yawun al-Qaeda, inda ya bayyana a bidiyo da kuma jin muryarsa har sau 16 a 2007, a lokacin da ƙungiyar ke fafutukar ɗaukar Musulmai aiki a faɗin duniya.

Kisan nasa da aka yi a ƙarshen makon da ya wuce a Kabul ba shi ne karon farko da Amurka ta kai wa Zawihiri hari ba.

A watan Janairun 2006, Amurka ta kai masa wani harin makami mai linzami a kusa da iyakar Pakistan da Afghanistan.

An kashe mambobin al-Qaeda huɗu, amma Zawahiri ya tsira, kuma mako biyu bayan nan aka gan shi a bidiyo yana gargaɗin shugaban Amurka George W Bush, cewa ba shi da ƙarfin da a duniya zai iya kashe shi idan lokacinsa bai yi ba.

Ɗan babban gida

An haifi Zawahiri a babban birnin Masar, Alƙahira, a ranar 19 ga watan Yunin 1951, kuma ɗan babban gida ne na likitoci da malamai.

Kakansa Rabia al-Zawahiri, shi ne babban limamin al-Azhar, cibiyar addinin Musulunci ta Sunni a Gabas ta Tsakiya, yayin da ɗaya daga cikin baffaninsa shi ne sakatare-janar na farko na ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Larabawa ta Arab League.

Tun Zawahiri yana makaranta ya shiga harkokin siyasar addini inda aka taɓa kama shi yana ɗan shekara 15, saboda zamowarsa mamba na haramtacciyar ƙungiyar Ƴan uwa Musulmai ta Muslim Brotherhood - ƙungiyar Musulunci mafi daɗewa a Masar.

Sai dai duk da haka harkokin siyasarsa ba su hana shi karantar aikin likita ba a Jami'ar Alƙahira, inda ya kammala a 1974, shekara huɗu bayan nan kuma ya kammala digiri na biyu.

Mahaifinsa Mohammed, wanda ya rasu a shekarar 1995, farfesa ne a fannin harhaɗa magunguna a makarantar da ɗan ya yi.

Matashi mai tsattsauran ra'ayi

Da farko Zawahiri ya ci gaba da bin aƙidun zuri'arsu, inda ya gina wani ɗan ƙaramin asibiti a wata unguwa da ke wajen gari a Alƙahira.

Amma ba a daɗe ba sai ya fara sha'awar harkokin tsaurin ra'ayi na wasu ƙungiyoyin Musulunci, waɗanda suka dinga yin kira ga hamɓarar da gwamnatin Masar.

A lokacin da aka samar da ƙungiyar jihadi ta Musulunci ta masar a 1973, ya shiga cikinta.

A shekarar 1981 aka kama shi tare da wasu mambobin ƙungiyar 100 kan zargin su da yin shigar burtu ta sojoji suka kashe Shugaba Anwar Sadat, a wajen wani fareti a Alƙahira.

Sadat ya bai wa masu da'awar jihadin haushi ne saboda sa hannun da ya yi kan wata yarjejeniya da Isra'ila, da kuma kama ɗarruwan masu sukarsa a wani samamen tsaro da aka kai kafin kisan nasa.

A yayin wata shari'a ta mutane da yawa, Zawahiri ya nuna cewa shi ne jagoran wadanda ake zargin har aka nadi bidiyonsa yana shaida wa kotu cewa: "Mu Musulmai ne da muka yarda da addininmu.

"Muna ƙoƙarin samar da ƙasar Musulunci ne da al'ummar Musulunci."

Duk da cewa an wanke shi kan zarginsa da hannu a kisan Sadat, an kama Zawahiri kan mallakar makamai ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, kuma ya yi zaman shekara uku a kurkuku. Wani abokinsa da suke zama tare a fursuna, ya ce hukumomi na yawan azabtar da Zawahiri da dukansa a lokacin zamansa a gidan yari a Masar, lamarin da ake ganin shi ne ya sauya shi zuwa mai tsattsauran ra'ayi.

Zawahiri ya koma Saudiyya a shekarar 1985 bayan sakin sa.

Jim kaɗan bayan nan, sai ya tafi Peshawar da ke Pakistan daga baya kuma ya tsallaka maƙabciyarta Afghanistan, inda ya samar da reshen ƙungiyar Jihadin Musulunci ta Masar.

Bayan hakan kuma sai ya ci gaba da aikinsa na likita a ƙasar a lokacin mamayar Tarayya Sabiyet.

A shekarar 1993 ne Zawahiri ya karɓi ragamar shugabancin ƙungiyar Jihadin Musulunci ta Masar da ta sake farfaɗowa a 1993.

Kuma shi ne ƙashin bayan jagorantar kai wasu jerin hare-hare kan ministocin gwamnatin Masar da suka haɗa da Firaminista Atif Sidqi.

Farfagandar ƙungiyar ta jawo hamɓarar da gwamnatin ta kuma kafa gwamnatin Musulunci a ƙasar a shekarun 1990 wanda ya jawo mutuwar ƴan Masar fiye da 1,200.

A shekarar 1997, ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka ta ambace shi cewa shi ne shugaban ƙungiyar Vanguards of Conquest - wani reshe da ya ɓalle daga waccar, wadda kuma ake tunanin ita ce ta kashe wasu masu yawon buɗe ido na ƙasashen waje a Luxor a wannan shekarar.

Shekara biyu bayan nan, sai wata kotun soji ta yanke masa hukuncin kisa a lokacin da baya nan, saboda rawar da ya taka a hare-hare da dama da ƙungiyar ta kai.

Hare-hare kan kasashen yammacin duniya

An kyautata zaton Zawahiri ya zagaye kasashen duniya a shekarun 1990 don neman mafaka da kuma kuɗi.

A shekarun da suka biyo bayan janyewar Tarayyar Sabiyet daga Afghanistan, ana tunanin ya zauna a ƙasar Bulgariya da Denmark da Switzerland.

Kuma wani lokacin ya kan yi amfani da fasfon bogi domin zuwa Balkans da Austriya da Yemen da Iraƙi da Iran da Philippines.

A Disambar 1996, an rahoto cewa ya share watanni shida a hannun jami’an Rasha a lokacin da aka kama shi ba tare da halastacciyar biza ba a ƙasar Chechnya.

Wani rubutu da ake kyautata zaton Zawahiri ne ya yi, jami‘an Rasha sun gagara fassara rubutun larabi da aka samu akan komfutar shi kuma hakan ne ya sa ya boye ainihin sunansa.

A shekara ta 1997, ana kyautata zaton Zawahiri ya koma birnin Jalalabad da zama, wajen da Osama Bin Laden ke zama.

Shekarar ɗaya bayan wannan, Ƙungiyar Jihadin Musulunci ta kasar Masar ta shiga sahun kungyoyi biyar masu ra’ayin riƙau a cikin su har da al-Qaida na Osama Bin Ladan, inda suka kafa gamayyar kungiyoyi Musulunci da ke adawa Yahudawa da Nasara.

Gamayyar ta ayyana fatawa da ta halasta kashe Amurkawa fararen hula.

Bayan watanni shida, aka kai hare-hare biyu a lokaci daya da suka lalata ofishin jakadancin Amurka a Kenya da Tanzania inda aka kashe mutan 223.

Zawahiri na daya daga cikin mutanen da aka yi amfani da tattaunawarsa ta wayar tarho mai amfani da tauraron dan adam wajen tabbatar wa Bin Laden da al-Qaeda ne ke da alhakin kai harin.

Bayan makonni biyu da harin, Amurka ta jefa boma-boma akan sansanonin da kungiyar ta ke horo a Afghanistan.

Washegari, Zawahiri ya buga wa wani dan jaridar Pakistani waya kuma ya ce "A gaya wa Amurka bama-bamanta da barazanarta ba su ba mu tsoro. Yanzu aka fara yaƙi.”

A shekarun da su ka biyo bayan mutuwar Bin Laden, hare-haren sama da Amurka ta kai sun yi sanadiyar rayukan mataimakan Zawahiri, lamarin da ya dakile samun damar shirye-shirye a duk fadin duniya.

A shekarun baya, an daina jin ɗuriyar Zawahiri ta saƙonni da yakan fitar jefi-jefi.

Amurka za ta kalli mutuwarsa a matsayin nasara, musaman la’akari da janyewar Amurka daga Afghanistan cikin rikici a shekarar da ta gabata.

Amma Zawahiri ya deaia tasiri sosai saboda bullowar sababbin kungiyoyi kamar Islamic State da ke ƙara samun tasiri.

Babu shakka za a samu sabon shugaban al-Qaeda, amma ana ganin ba zai yi tasiri kamar wanda ya gada ba.