Mene ne girman arzikin Cocin Katolika kuma daga ina yake samun kuɗin shiga?

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- Marubuci, Débora Crivellaro
- Sanya sunan wanda ya rubuta labari, BBC News Brasil
- Lokacin karatu: Minti 8
Akwai wani karin magana da ke cewa darajar kadarorin cocin Katolika na daya daga cikin asirai na bangaskiya - sirrin da cocin ya yi ta tsarewa shekaru aru-aru.
Cocin ta karkasu zuwa sassa da dama, inda kowane reshe ke gudanar da asusunsa.
Samun cikakken adadi na dukiyar Cocin da ke wakiltar mabiya Katolika biliyan 1.4 a fadin duniya abu ne mai wahala - idan ma ba a ce ba zai yiwu ba.
Amma, bari mu fara da Ruhi Mai Tsarki, babbar hukumar gudanarwar cocin, wadda ke zama ƙololuwar fadar cocin, wato Vatican.

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Fadar fafaroma
Saboda ƙololuwar sirrin da ayyukan cocin, hasashe game da girman arzikin fadar fafaroma ya ƙaru a tsawon shekaru.
Amma daga farkon wa'adinsa, Paparoma Francis, wanda ya mutu a ranar 21 ga Afrilu, ya yi yunƙurin kawo sauyi da ƙarin fayyace harkokin kuɗin fadar.
Misali shi ne buga takardun bayan kuɗin da aka kashe wajen gudanar da cocin a 2021, wani batu da a yanzu ake fitar da shi a kowace shekara.
Wannan dai shi ne karo na farko tun da aka ƙirƙiri hukumar gudanarwar cocin ta APSA a shekarar 1967 da aka fitar da waɗannan alkaluma.
Bayanin rahoton APSA na baya-bayan nan na nuna cewa a 2023 rfershen cocin, wanda fadar Vatican ke gudanarwa ya tara kuɗin shiga fiye da dala miliyan 52, tare da ƙarin kadarori da darajarsu ta kai kuda dala miliyan takwas idan aka kwatanta da shekarar 2022.
Ba a bayyana ƙimar kuɗin ba, amma sabon ƙiyasin ya kusan dala biliyan 1, a cewar Cibiyar Nazarin Kasuwanci, Al'adu da Da'a (MCE), ta Rome.
Wannan ƙiyasin ya ƙunshi duka kadarorin da Cibiyar Ayyukan Addinin (IOR) ke gudanarwa - wanda aka sani da Bankin Vatican - don haka ƙiyasin bai haɗa da gine-gine da yawa da filaye masu yawa ba.

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Hukumar gudanarwar cocin, APSA ta ce cocin kan samu riba daga kula da kadarori fiye da 5,000, waɗanda aka bayar da hayar kashi ɗaya cikin biyar nasu.
Wannan yana samar da kuɗin shiga na dala miliyan 84 da ribar kusan dala miliyan 40 a shekara, in ji APSA.
Dukkan waɗannan alkaluma sun shafi tsarin kuɗi na fadar Vatican amma ba su shafi wasu rassa na Cocin Katolika a gaɗin duniya ba.

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Manyan hanyoyin samun kuɗi

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Shugabanin addinai da yawa daga cikin shugabannin daular Romawa sun ba da gudummawar manyan wurare da suka haɗa da gidaje da filaye har ma da wuraren wanka ga Cocin, baya ga manyan ma'aidan zinariya da azurfa.
Daga nan ne aka kafa tsarin bayar da gudummawa.
A yau, Ikilisiya ta ci gaba da ƙara ayyuka marasa tsada, gidajen tarihi tare da miliyoyin masu biyan kuɗi a kowace shekara, da kuma saka hannun jarin kasuwar kuɗi.

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Kololuwar ikon cocin Katolika, shi ne birnin Vatican.
Fafaroma ne ke da cikakken ikon masarautar - sarautar da aka ba wa Bishop na Rome.

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Yawon buɗe idanu wani ƙarin hanyar samun kuɗin shiga ne ga cocin
- Gine-ginen tarihi da wuraren addini: Fadojin manyan jagororin cocin da majami'ar St Peter's Basilica, da ginin da ke gefen Basilica, wato Domus Vaticanae.
- Gidajen ajiye kayan tarihi: Gidajen ajiye kayan tarihi 15, ciki har da gidan tarihi na Sistine Chapel da Raphael Chapels da Pinacoteca Vaticana da gidan ajiye kayan tarihi na ƴan mission.
- Dakunan karutu da wuraren ajiya: Dakin karatu na Vatican da wurin ajiyar kayyaki na Apostolic Archives da ɗakin karatu na Editrice Vaticana
- Kafofin sadarwa da na yaɗa labaru: Gidan radiyon da jaridar L'Osservatore Romano, da kafar yaɗa labarai ta Vatican Media, da gidan talbijin naVatican
- Sauran cibiyoyi: BankinVatican da cibiyar sanya idanu ta Vatican

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Manyan kadarorin Vatican
Vatican ta mallaki manyan kadarori 12 a wajen yankinta, ciki har da ginin da ke majami'ar St John Lateran, da ginin St Paul da ke wajen katantar majami'ar St Mary Major, da ƙananan ofisoshin- fadar daban-daban.
Hakanan tana karɓar gudummawa daga al'omomin duniya ta hanyar tsarin da ake kira 'Peter's Pence', wanda ke tallafa wa ayyukan zamantakewa da ayyukan Vatican da yawon buɗe ido tare da kula da kayan tarihi.

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Hanyoyin samun kudin shigar fadar sun haɗa da gidajen tarihi na Vatican, da Sistine Chapel, da siyar da tambari da kuɗin sulalla da cibiyoyi irin su Bankin Vatican da APSA, waɗanda ke sarrafa kadarori masu yawa.
Benito Mussolini

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Yawancin wannan dukiya ta fito ne daga mai mulkin kama karya na Italiya Benito Mussolini.
Masanin tarihi ɗan kasar Italiya kuma wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar Sant'Egidio, Andrea Riccardi ya ce a shekara ta 1929, Mussolini ya ajiye lira biliyan 1.75 na Italiya (kimanin dala miliyan 91.3 a lokacin) a cikin fadar mai tsarki.
Wannan wani ɓangare ne na yarjejeniyar Lateran, wanda kuma aka sani da yarjejeniyar sulhu.
An bayar da kuɗin ne a matsayin tallafa wa kadarorin Cocin Katolika da aka kama a lokacin haɗe Italiya zuwa ƙasa ɗaya, musamman tsakanin 1860 zuwa 1870.
Kimanin kashi daya bisa huɗu na kuɗaɗen ne Paparoma Pius XI ya yi amfani da su wajen kafa ƙasar Vatican ta yanzu, da gina gine-ginen fadar fafaroma, da samar da gidaje ga ma'aikatan Vatican.
Sauran an saka hannun jari da su a fannoni daban-daban don kauce wa asararsu.
A yau, hukumar gudanarwar cocin, APSA ta mallaki kadarori a Italiya da Birtaniya da Faransa da kuma Switzerland
Gine-gine da filaye

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A halin yanzu kadarorin filaye, da ake gudanar da su sun kai darajar kusan yuro biliyan 1.77 ($ 1.9bn) suna samar da riba domin kula da hukumar gudanarwar fadar, a cewar APSA.
A 2019, Faparoma Francis ya kare zuba jarin fadar a wani mataki na hana hannayen jarin faɗuwa.
"domin a kula da shi, a kuma samu ƴar riba," in ji shi.
Reshen coci da ya fi samun kuɗi

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Cocin Archdiocese da ke Cologne a Jamus na ɗaya daga cikin rassa mafi arziki a duniya.
Cocin na samun kuɗin shiga mafi yawa saboda harajin da aka karɓa kai tsaye daga membobin da suka yi rajista da gwamnati ta amince da su, gami da Cocin Katolika.
A cikin 2023, Cocin ya tattara kusan dala biliyan 7.4 daga wannan haraji. Wannan ya ragu da kusan kashi 5% daga shekarar 2022, lokacin da aka tara dala biliyan 7.77, a cewar hukumar kula da tattara bayanan kuɗin shiga na cocin, IHEFR.
Kudin ginawa da kula da fadar Bishop Franz-Peter Tebartz van Elst, wanda rahotanni suka ce ya tashi daga dala miliyan 5.7 zuwa kusan dala miliyan 35 a tsawon shekara biyar.
Rabin majami'u 27 na Jamus daga baya sun bayyana kadarorinsu da suka haɗa da bankuna goma da kamfanonin inshora da otal 70 da kamfanoni, da kafofin yada labarai.
Cocin da ke Amurka

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Cocin da ke Amurka na bayar da gudunmawa mai yawa ga fadar Vatican.
Tana da kadarori masu yawa ciki har da fitattun jami'o'i irin su Notre Dame a Indiana (wanda ya bayar da rahoton tara kudin shiga na dala biliyan 1.76) da jami'ar Georgetown a Washington DC (da ya tara kudin shiga dala biliyan 1.92) da asibitoci da makarantu.
Babu harajin addini na tilas, amma Ikilisiya na karɓar babbar gudunmowa daga kadarorinta.
Brazil: Ƙasar da ta fi kowacce mabiya Katolika

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Brazil ta kasance mattarar mabiya darikar Katolika a duniya.
Ƙasar na da mafi girma kuma ita ce ta biyu da alka fi ziyarta domin yin ibada a wurin bauta na Aparecida.
Masu kula da wurin bautar, sun ce masu ziyara miliyan 10 ne ke ziyartar wurin ibadar a kowace shekara, wanda hakan ya sa ake samun kuɗaɗen shiga na kusan dala miliyan 240 a shekara a birnin da ke da mazauna 35,000 kacal.

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Cocinan Brazil suna karɓar gudunmawa daga masu ibada, sannan kuma gwamnati ta cire su cikin masu biyan haraji.
Kodayake ba a samu cikakkun bayanan kuɗi ba, suna gudanar da ɗimbin hanyoyin samun kuɗin shiga, kama daga makarantu zuwa asibitoci, da jami'o'i.
Wannan abubuwa masu sarƙaƙiya na nuna yadda yake da wahala a iya kimanta haƙiƙanin arzikin Cocin Katolika duka.











