Mene ne yake faruwa ga shugabanni idan suka yi gudun hijira?

Kasar Sri Lanka ta zabi sabon shugaban kasa, to amma me zai faru da tsohon shugaban kasar, Gotabaya Rajapaksa?

Shugaba Rajapaksa ya tsere daga kasarsa ta haihuwa zuwa Maldives a ranar 13 ga watan Yuli sannan daga baya ya hau jirgi zuwa Singapore, kuma daga can ne ya sanar da murabus dinsa.

Sai dai ba a san ko zai ci gaba da zama a can ba.

Ministan harkokin wajen Singapore ya ce Rajapaksa ya shiga kasar a wata ziyara ta dan wucin-gadi, amma wani jami’i a gwamnatin Sri Lanka ya ce zai koma kasar nan gaba.

Sai dai wata kungiyar kare hakkin jama’a ta shigar da korafin kan tsohon shugaban kasar a ofishin babban attoni janar na kasar kan aikata laifin ta’addanci, inda take son a kama shi saboda rawar da ya taka a yakin basasar Sri Lanka.

Wasu rahotanni sun nuna cewa zai iya tafiya Saudiyya ko Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa.

Shugabannin da aka hambarar na da wani abu na komawa wata kasa da zama – tsakanin shekarar 1946 zuwa 2012, shugabannin kasashen duniya 180 aka tirsasawa yin gudun hijira a cewar farfesoshin kimiyyar siyasa Abel Escriba-Folch da kuma Daniel Krcmaric dukkansu da ke Jami’ar Northwestern da ke Amurka.

Sai dai me Rajapaksa da kuma Sri Lanka ke sa rai idan shugaban ya shiga jerin shugabannin duniya da aka tirsasawa yin hijira?

Bari mu duba sunayen wasu sanannun shugabannin duniya da aka tursasawa yin hijira a tarihi…

Dalai Lama (Ya fara yin hijira daga 1959 – zuwa yanzu) - Idan kasa ta amince da shugaba mai ce-ce-ku-ce, za a iya samun rikicin siyasa daga bangarori da dama.

Matakin da Indiya ta dauka na bai wa Dalai Lama mafaka a shekarar 1959 bayan wani kazamin bore na ‘yan Tibet, ya janyo wani rikici da ya-ki-ci-ya-ki-cinyewa tsakanin kasar da tafi yawan al’umma a duniya.

Firaministan Indiya a wancan lokaci, Jawaharlal Nehru ya yi watsi da wani gargadi daga takwaransa na China, Zhou Enlai na kada ya bar jagoran ‘yan addinin Buddha ya shiga kasar.

‘Matakin da Nehru ya dauka na yin watsi da bukatar takwaransa na China na da muhimmanci sannan tarba da ya yi wa Dalai Lama ta janyo rajin jituwa tsakanin Indiya da China da yaki karewa har kawo yau.’’

Ayatollah Khomeini (1964 - 1979) da Shah na Iran (1979 - 1980) - A lokacin da wani shugaba ya tafi gudun hijira, wani kuma kan iya dawowa.

Ayatollah Khameini ya kasance wani babban jagoran addini a kasar Iran wanda ya yi adawa da kuma maye gurbin gwamnati da ke goyon bayan kasashen yamma ta Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, wanda shi ne ya assasa Jamhuriyar Musulunci da ake da a yau.

Dukkan shugabannin sun yi gudun hijira kan rashin alkibla da suka dora kasar a kai, wahala da Shah ya fuskanta wajen neman inda zai yi hijira ya kasance a mastayin wani gargadi ga sauran shugabanni da ke neman wurin tserewa.

A shekarar 1964, Khomeini ya yi hijira saboda sassaurar adawa, inda ya yi hijiran zuwa kasashen Turkiyya da Iraqi da kuma Faransa, inda daga nan ne ya bukaci magoya bayansa da su hambarar da gwamnatin Shah.

Sai dai tagomashin Shah ta ci gaba da raguwa – an yi ta dauki ba dadi da kuma barkewar tarzoma a fadin kasar – sannan a 1979, aka kifar da gwamnatinsa, inda shi da iyalansa suka tsere domin zuwa hijira.

A ranar 1 ga watan Fabrairun 1979, ya koma Iran bayan samun nasara. ‘Yan jarida da ke tare da shi cikin jirgin saman da ya dawo da shi – hada da wakilin BBC John Simpson – ya ce sun shiga fargaba na cewar za a iya harbo jirgin.

A kuri’ar raba gardama ta kasa da aka gudanar, Khomeini ya samu nasara da gagarumin rinjaye, inda aka nada shi a matsayin jagoran addini da kuma siyasar kasar Iran na tsawon rayuwa.

Shah na Iran na matarsa, Empress Farah, sun tafi zuwa birnin Aswan da ke Masar – rahotanni daga wajen jami’ai sun ce Shah Reza din ya je Masar din ne domin yin hutu da kuma duba lafiyarsa.

Ya kuma zauna na dan wani lokaci a Morocco da Bahamas da Mexico da Amurka da kuma Panama, kafin ya mutu daga cutar kansa a birnin Alkahira ran 27 ga watan Yulin 1980.

Zuwan hambararren jagoran Amurka domin neman lafiya ya haddasa afkawa ofishin jakadancin Amurka a Tehran, inda aka tsare jami’an diflomasiyya na Amurka har na tsawon kwanaki 400.

Khomeini ya yi mulki a matsayin babban jagoran Iran har zuwa mutuwarsa ran 4 ga watan Yunin 1989.

Idi Amin Dada (1979 - 1993) - Shugabanni marasa Imani ma kan nemi wurin zama a wasu lokuta

Idi Amin ya kasance shugaban da ya kwashe iko da mulki a Uganda a shekarar 1971, sannan bayan wasu gomman shekaru, ya jefa kasar cikin mulkin kama karya da ya hada da kisan kiyashi da kuma korar dukkan ‘yan kasar da ke Asia.

Duk da haka, ya sami hanyar tserewa bayan hambarar da shi da dakarun Tanzania da kuma ‘yan gudun hijirar Uganda a shekarar 1979.

"Akwai alamu da ke nuna cewa masu mulkin kama karya na iya tserewa zuwa wasu kasashe da suke da tarihin hulda ta bangarorin siyasa da soji da kuma tattalin arziki,’’ a cewar farfesa Escriba-Folch.

Saudiyya ta yunkuro domin bai wa jagoran musuluncin wurin zama, duk da zarge-zarge a kansa na cewa shi ya bayar da umurnin kashe ‘yan Uganda sama da 400,000 lokacin mulkinsa.

Tsohon jagoran na Afirka ya yi rayuwa ta alfarma a kasashen Laarabawa har zuwa mutuwarsa a shekarar 2003.

'Baby Doc' Duvalier (1986 - 2011) - Abubuwa ba za su yi kyau ba a waje.

Za a iya cewa Saudiyya ita ce kasa daya tilo da ta bai wa wani shugaba daga waje mafaka wanda ba shi da kima mai kyau.

Kasashen Turai da dama sun koma wuraren mafakar shugabannin da aka hambarar, inda tsoffin shugabannin mulkin mallaka ke neman ci gaba da yin tasiri ko kawo rashin daidaituwar al’amura a kasashen da suka mulka.

Wani misali shi ne tsohon shugaban Haiti Jean-Claude Duvalier, wanda aka fi sani da "Baby Doc’’.

Ya gaji mulkin shugaban kasa na tsawon rayuwa yana dan shekara 19 a wajen mahaifinsa, Francois ko "Papa Doc", wanda ya yi mulki kasar tun shekara ta 1957.

Kamar mahaifinsa, shi ma ya dogara da ‘yan tsageru da aka sani da Tonton Macoutes domin tafiyar da kasar, sannan an kiyasta cewa jami’an tsaro sun kashe ‘yan Haiti akalla 20,000 zuwa 30,000 lokacin mulkin Duvalier.

Bayan tursasa shi sauka daga mulki da wata gwagwarmayar adawa ta yi a shekarar 1986, ya dauki tsawon shekaru 25 yana gudun hijira a kudancin Faransa.

Sai dai an rufe asusun sa da ke dauke da dala miliyan 6 a bankin Swiss a 1986, ya kuma rasa sauran kadarorinsa bayan wani hukuncin saki a shekara ta 1993.

A shekarunsa na gudun hijira a baya, mista Duvalier ya dogara ne da taimakon kudi daga wajen mabiyansa, inda ya koma zama a cikin wani karamin gida a Paris.

Ya koma Haiti a 2011, duk da cewa na zarge shi da almubazzaranci da kuma kashe kudi ba daidai ba lokacin mulkinsa, an zargi mista Duvalier tare da mahaifinsa na karkatar da kudin da ya kai dala miliyan 300 lokacin mulkinsu.

An bar tsohon shugaban ya yi rayuwa a wani wuri da ke wajen Port-au-Prince, inda yake kai kawo a birnin kasar har zuwa mutuwarsa bayan harbuwa da bugun zuciya a 2014.

Benazir Bhutto (1984 - 1986, 1999 - 2007) da Nawaz Sharif (1999 - 2007) - Ba lallai Gudun hijira ita ce mafita ba ga shugabannin da ke tserewa.

Rikicin siyasa a wasu kasashe kan janyo karin shugabanni gudu zuwa hijira a kan wasu, Pakistan na daya daga cikin kasashen.

Benazir Bhutto na da tarihin rayuwar siyasa.

An tursasa ta yin hijira har sau biyu a kasashen Burtaniya da Daular Larabawa, sai dai bayan haka, ta dawo Pakistan inda ta zama Firaministan kasar na farko – mace ta farko da ta jagoranci kasar da ke da rinjayen al’ummar musulmi – inda ta rike mukamin daga shekarar 1988 zuwa 1990, da kuma 1993 zuwa 1996.

Bayan suna da ta yi a fadin kasar – jim kadan bayan zabar ta karo na farko – ta kuma kasance Daya daga cikin mata shugabanni da aka ji da su a duniya, ta kuma tara dandazon jama’a a yakin neman zabe.

Sai dai shugaba mai mulki ya sallameta a duka lokutan kan zargin rashawa.

An kashe ta ne a wani harin bam a 2013. Mahaifinta da wasu yayunta biyu suma sun mutu ta mummunar hanyar.

Nawaz Sharif ya gaji Bhutto bayan zama firaminista har sau biyu, amma sojoji sun hambarar da shi a 1999, kamar Bhutto, an tilasta masa yin hijira (an tsare shi a gidan yari na dan wani lokaci kafin ya tafi Saudiyya.

Bayan shekara sha-hudu, ya jagoranci gwagwarmayar ‘yan adawa da ta taimaka masa samun nasara a karo na uku.

Sai dai a 2017, kotun kolin Pakistan ta haramta masa daga rike mukami na tsawon rayuwa sakamakon zarginsa da mallakar kamfanoni da dukiya ba bisa ka’ida ba da jaridar Panama suka binciko. yuwa

Siyasar Pervez Musharraf, mutumin da ya jagoranci juyin mulki a 1999 da ta tursasawa Bhutto da Nawaz Sharif barin kasar, ta kare a gudun hijira.

Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali - Watakila na ku ba zai zama na karshe da zai fadi ba.

Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali ya jagoranci Tunisia na tsawon shekara 23 kafin ya sauka a watan Janairun 2011 bayan gudanar da gagarumar zanga-zanga a tituna da ba a taba ganin irin ta ba – wanda kuma ta faro juyin juya hali na kasashen larabawa.

Tun da farko dai, Ben Ali ya dora laifin zanga-zangar kan masu tsassaurar ra’ayi, amma daga baya ya canza Magana, inda ya nuna bacin ransa kan mutuwar masu zanga-zanga da yin alkawarin bijiro da ‘yancin kafafen yada labarai da cewa ba zai sake tsayawa Takara ba a 2014.

To amma hakan ya gaza kwantar da tarzomar, inda kwana guda bayan fitar masu zanga-zanga kan titunan Tunis, babban birnin kasar, bayan artabu tsakanin masu zanga-zangar da kuma jami’an tsaro, shugaban ya tsere daga kasar zuwa Saudiyya, inda ya rasu a ranar 19 ga watan Satumban, 2019.

A mukamin shugaban kasa, Ben Ali na da hakkin kawo daidaito da kuma ci gaban tattalin arzikin kasar, amma an yi ta sukar sa hana mutane nuna yancinsu na siyasa.

Watanni shida bayan hambarar da shi, wata kotu ta samu Ben Ali da matarsa da laifin almubazzaranci da kuma karkatar da kudin kasa, inda aka yanke musu hukuncin a bayans una daurin shekara 35 a gidan yari.

A shekarar 2012, wata kotu ta daban ta same shi da hannu a kisan masu zanga-zanga, inda ta yanke masa hukunci a bayansa na daurin rai-da-rai.

Kamar Tunisia, kasar da aka fara juyin juya halin kasashen larabawa a 2011, hakan kuma ya janyo rushewar gwamnatoci a Masar da Libya da Yemen – inda a Syria kuma aka yi ta gwabza yaki har na tsawon shekara goma.

Tunisia kadai ta samu nasarar kafa sabon gwamnati ta dimokuradiyya, sai dai da karuwar rashin aikin yi da tawayar tattalin arziki, ‘yan Tunisia da dama sun cire tsammanin samun sa’ida daga jam’iyyun siyasar kasar.

Kasar ta rattaba hannu kan sabon kundin tsarin mulki (ran 25 ga watan Yuli) wanda zai kara karfin ikon shugaban kasa wanda kuma ya kori ‘yan majalisa da kuma yanke hukunci har na tsawon shekara daya.

Kuri’ar jin ra’ayin jama’a na nuni da cewa hakan ya wuce kashi 90 na zaben sabon kundin tsarin mulki wanda ya bai wa shugaban kasar kusan iko mara iyaka.

Kungiyoyin ‘yan adawa sun kauracewa zaben – wadanda suka kada kuri’ar ba su kai kashi 30 ba – kuma sun yi gargadin cewa kasar na fuskantar komawa ga mulkin kama karya.

Babu hanyar mafita mai sauki

To amma ya ga wadanda suka kasa samun gida? Farfesa Escriba-Folch ya yi gargadin cewa shugabannin da aka hambarar da kuma suke wahala wajen samun kasar da za ta karbe su ta kuma kare su kan zabi ci gaba da "mulki ko ta halin kaka’’.

Ya bayar da misali da tsohon shugaban kasar Libya Muammar Gaddafi: bayan samun nasarar karbe iko da Tripoli lokacin yakin basasar kasar a 2011, akwai matsin lamba daga bangarori da dama na kasashen waje na ganin Gaddafi ya yi gudun hijira a matsayin hanyar tsagaita wuta.

Maimakon haka, shugaban na Libya, ya shiga buya na tsawon watanni, inda wasu gungu suka kashe shi a garin mahaifarsa da ke Sirte.

"Ya zabi ya yi yaki har mutuwarsa maimakon ya tafi gudun hijira kuma wasu na hasashen cewa yanke shawarar ya dogara ne kan rashin samun kasar da za ta ba shi mafaka na dogon lokaci,’’ kamar yadda masu bincike a Jami’ar Northwestern suka rubuta 2017.

Isabel Peron (1981 – zuwa yanzu) - Kasar ka za ta duba yiwuwar maido da kai gida.

Isabel Peron ‘yar kasar Argentina ita ce mace ta farko da ta taba zama shugaban kasa a duniya, amma tun shekarar 1981 ta koma rayuwa ita kadai a Spaniya.

Ta karbi ragamar shugabancin kasar Argentina lokacin da mijinta – shugaba Juan Domingo wanda ya mulki kasar sau uku – ya rasu a ofishinsa a 1974.

Isabel Peron ita ce matarsa ta uku, kuma sun yi aure shekaru da yawa bayan mutuwar Uwargidansa Eva Peron.

Peron da ‘yan Argentina suka fi sani da ‘Isabelita’, tsohuwar ‘yar wasan rawan Cabaret ce. A lokacin shugabancinta, ma’aikata da dama sun shiga yajin aiki, da kuma daruruwan kashe-kashe na siyasa.

An tsige Isabel Peron a wani juyin mulki da sojoji suka yi a 1976, kuma suka tsare shi a gidansa na shekaru da dama kafin ya koma Spaniya.

A shekara ta 2007, Argentina ta ba da sammacin kasa da kasa domin kamata, bisa zarginta da alaka da kungiyar wasu ‘yan sa kai da kuma bacewar wasu mutum biyu.

Spaniya ta ki amincewa da bukatar mika ta; Kotun da ke wurin ta ce babu kwakkwaran hujjoji a kan ta.

Ferdinand Marcos - Za a iya cewa Shugabannin da suka yi hijira sun tafi, amma suna da dan sauran tasiri

A Shekara ta 1986, shugaban kasar Amurka, Ronald Reagan ya shawarci Ferdinand Marcos da ya yi murabus daga mulki a Philippines, ya kuma tafi gudun hijira a Hawaii.

Wata gagarumar zanga-zangar nuna adawa da shi da aka yi, ta jefa kasar cikin ce-ce-ku-ce da rashin tabbas (Marcos ya yi ikirarin samun nasara a zaben shugaban kasa da aka gudanar mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce da zargin tafka magudi).

"Philliphines ta kasance kasa da Amurka ta yi wa mulkin mallaka, kuma Marcos mai adawa da kwaminisanci ya samu tallafin tattalin arziki da na soji (daga Washington) a cewar farfesa Escriba-Folch.

Mulkin iyalan Marcos ya kunshi kisan gillar abokan adawa na siyasa da cin zarafi da kuma keta hakkin dan adam da aikata rashawa kashe kudi fiye da kima duk da cewa miliyoyin mutane na rayuwa cikin matsanancin talauci sannan bashin da ake bin kasar ya yi katutu.

Sai dai iyalan Marcos basu gama da Philippines ba: a wani gagarumar komawa fagen siyasar kasar, Ferdinand Marcos - da ake kira Bongbong – ya sami nasara a zabe da gagarumar rinjaye a watan Mayu, inda aka rantsar da shi a matsayin shugaban kasar Philippines.

Alfredo Stroessner (1989 – 2006) - Ba sai ka yi nisa ba don neman mafaka

Lokacin da mulkin daya daga cikin shugabannin mulkin kama karya mafi dadewa a duniya ya zo karshe a Paraguay a shekarar 1989, Janar din da ya tsere bai yi da nisa ba don neman mafaka.

Brasil ba ta yi jinkirin ba da mafaka ga Janar Alfredo Stroessner ba don gujewa tashin hankali a makwabciyarta da kuma tabbatar da tafiyar da madatsar ruwa ta Itaipu mai muhimmanci ga samar da makamashi ga kasashen biyu.

Wannan dai ya batawa mutane da dama rai a Paraguay da Brasil, yayin da mulkin Stroessner na shekaru 35 ke cike da laifukan take hakkin dan adam sannan Brasil ba ta dade da fitowa ba daga mulkin soja na shekaru 21.

A lokacin mulkin mista Stroessner, Paraguay ta shiga cikin wani shiri mai suna ‘Condor’, wanda Shirin kamfe ne na Amurka kan ta’addanci da ayyukan tsaro.

Shirin ya samu hadin gwuiwar gwamnatocin sojoji da dama na kasashen latin Amurka da suka hada (Chile da Argentina da Bolivia da Paraguay da Uruguay da kuma Brasil) a shekarun 1970.

Tsohon shugaban mulkin sojin, ya mutu yayin da yake gudun hijira a Brasil, yana da shekara 93, a 2006.

Shekaru biyu bayan haka, wata hukumar gaskiya ta ce mutum sama da 400 aka kashe ko kuma suka bace a lokacin mulkin Stroessner.