Abin da ya sa al'ummomi ke ɗaukar ranakun fitowar cikakken wata da muhimmanci

    • Marubuci, BBC Global Journalism
  • Lokacin karatu: Minti 6

Masu kallon sararin samaniya a faɗin duniya za su iya gane wa idonsu yadda wata zai yi kusufi ranar Lahadi, wanda zai jawo watan baki ɗayansa ya zama ja.

Yayin da yake wucewa ta jikin inuwar duniyarmu ta Earth, wata zai ɗan yi ja, abin da zai sa ya koma cikakken wata mai jan launi da ake kira "Blood Moon" a Turance.

Hakan na faruwa ne saboda hasken rana na wucewa ta saman duniyarmu, inda ake tace shuɗin haske kuma a watso jan haske zuwa jikin wata.

Masu saka ido a gabashin Afirka, da Gabas ta Tsakiya, da mafi yawan Asiya, da yammacin Australiya za su iya shan kallon kusufin cikakken watan tun daga fitowa har zuwa faɗuwarsa.

Ana ganin fitowar cikakken wata ne - ko kuma full moon a Turance - a lokacin da duniyarmu ta Earth ta shiga tsakiyar rana da wata, wanda hakan zai sa ranar ta haske ɓangaren da watan yake gaba ɗaya.

Ɓullar cikakken wata na da tasiri a al'adu da yawa a fadin duniya. Yakan shafi ayyukan gona, da kuma yadda mutane ke yin barci.

Wasu ma masoya lambu na ɗaukar daidai lokacin a matsayin mafi muhimmanci wajen yin dashen iri.

Ta yaya 'yan zamanin baya ke martaba fitowar cikakken wata?

Girma da kuma raguwar faɗin wata ya zama wani ma'aunin da ake gane lokaci da shi tun shekaru aru-aru.

Kamar Ƙashin Ishongo (Ishango Bone) - wanda aka gano a 1957 a ƙasar da ake kira Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo a yanzu.

Ƙashin da ake tsammanin na ƙwaurin babban biri ne (baboon), an yi imanin ya kai shekara 20,000, kuma ana ganin da shi aka dinga amfani wajen tsara kalanda.

Wani mai bincike ɗan Belgium ne ya gano shi. Yana ɗauke da wasu zane-zane, waɗanda mai binciken kayan tarihi na Jami'ar Harvard, Alexander Marshack, ya ce za su iya zama alamun wata, yana mai cewa akwai yiwuwar mutanen baya sun yi amfani da shi a matsayin kalanda mai wa'adin wata shida.

Waɗanne bukukuwa ake yi lokacin fitowar cikakken wata?

A China, sukan yi bikin tsakiyar kaka da suke kira Zhongqui Jie (ko kuma Bikin Wata) kuma ranar hutu ce. Bikin ya samo asali tun shekara 3,000 da suka wuce kuma akan yi shi ne yayin da ake sa ran samun amfanin gona mai yawa.

Haka nan, a al'adun al'ummar Koriya, bikin Chuseok na kwana uku ne da ake yi domin dacewa da Watan Girbi. 'Yan'uwa kan taru domin murnar amfanin gona da kuma gode wa kakanninsu.

A addinin Hindu, akan azumci cikakken wata da suke kira Purnima da yin addu'o'i. Akan yi bikin Kartik Purnima a watan Nuwamba - mafi tsarki a kalandar Hindu - kuma sukan yi godiya ga Abin Bauta Shiva saboda nasarar da ya samu kan shaiɗani Tripurasura.

Cikin abubuwan da ake yi har da wanka a ruwa da kuma kunna fitilun da aka haɗa da turɓaya.

Akwai kuma bikin Kumbh Mela da ake yi lokacin fitowar cikakken wata, kuma ana yin sa ne duk bayan shekara 12.

Mabiya addinin Buddha sun yi imanin cewa an haifi Buddha kansa a lokacin fitowar cikakken wata shekara 2,500 da suka wuce. Kuma sun yi imanin ya rayu kuma ya mutu a irin wannan lokacin.

Sukan yi biki a irin wannan lokacin na Buddha Purnima, wanda ake yawan yi a ranar da wata ya cika a watan Afrilu ko Mayu.

A ƙasar Sri Lanka, duk ranar da wata zai fito cikakke ranar hutu ce, wadda suke kira Poya - inda ake haramta sayar da nama da kuma barasa.

A Bali, akan girmama lokacin cikar wata da bikin Purnama, lokacin da aka yi imanin cewa ababen bauta maza da mata kan sauko zuwa dunyarmu ta Earth domin saka wa mutane albarka. Lokaci ne na addu'o'i, da sadaukarwa, da dasa bishiyoyin kayan marmari a lambuna.

A addinin Musulunci, akan kwaɗaitar da Musulmai su yi azumin kwana uku a daidai lokacin bayyanar cikakken wata. Akan kira su Fararen Kwanaki (Ayyam al-Bid). Annabi Muhammadu (SAW) kan yi azumin ne domin gode wa Allah saboda yadda ya ɗaukaka haske a kan duhu.

A addinin Kirista, akan yi bikin Easter a Asabar ɗin farko bayan fitowar cikakken watan da ya zo bayan kaka.

A Mexico da wasu ƙasashen Latin Amurka, ana sake dawo da "rawar wata" ta 'yan asalin mazauna nahiyar Amurka, inda mata ke taruwa yayin fitowar cikakken wata domin su yi rawa da bauta a wani biki na kwana uku.

Waɗannen tatsuniyoyi da hikayoyi ne ke tattare da fitowar cikakken wata?

A nahiyar Turai, an yi imanin cewa lokacin fitowar cikakken wata kan haifar wa wasu mutanen hauka tun lokacin kaka da kakanni. Kalamar Ingilishi ta "lunacy" da ke nufin hauka, an samo ta ne daga kalmar "luna" ta harsen Latin, wadda ke nufin wata a Ingilishi.

Tunanin cewa cikakken wata kan haifar da taɓin hankali ya sa an samo tatsuniyar werewolves - wasu mutane da ke rikiɗewa zuwa dabbar karkeci ko dodonni kuma su koma cinye mutane a dararen fitowar cikakken wata.

A ƙarni na 4 kafin zuwan Annabi Isa (Yesu), masanin tarihi na Girka Herodotus ya yi rubutu kan wata ƙabila a Scythia (Rasha a yanzu) da ake kira Neuri, inda ya yi iƙirarin cewa sukan koma dodonni na wasu kwanaki duk shekara.

A Turai, an sha yi wa mutane shari'a kan zargin sauyawa zuwa dodonni daga tsakanin ƙarni na 15 zuwa 17.

Ta yaya ɓullar cikakken wata ke shafar rayuwar yau da kullum?

Da yawan masu shuka kan dasa iri a lokacin cikakken wata (kamar yadda mazauna Bali ke yi lokacin bikin Purnama) suna masu imanin cewa wata na taimaka wa yanayin ƙasa.

Idan aka samu cikakken wata, ɓangaren nauyin wata kan jizga zuwa gefe ɗaya na duniya, yayin da ɓangaren nauyin rana kan jizga zuwa ɗaya gefen. Baya ga haddasa ƙaruwar igiyar ruwa, ana tunanin kuma yakan jawo ƙaruwar danshi a kan ƙasar duniyarmu ta Earth.

Wasu na ganin lokacin fitowar cikakken wata kan hana mu barci da kyau.

Wasu bincike sun nuna cewa a lokacin fitowar cikakken wata, mutane kan ɗauki lokaci kafin barci ya kwashe su, ba su daɗewa suna barci mai nauyi, ba su daɗewa a barcin gaba ɗaya, sannan kuma sinadarin melatonin da ke kula da barci da tashi na mutum yana rage yawa a jiki.

Mutanen da aka nazarta a binicken sun bayar da rahoton rashin samun barci ko da kuwa sun kwanta a ɗakunan da babu hayaniya ko hasken watan.

Dabbobi sun fi yiwuwar cizon mutane yayin fitowar cikakken wata, a cewar wani binicke da aka yi a Bradford na Birtaniya a shekarar 2000.

Biniciken ya gano a tsakanin 1997 da 1999, marasa lafiyan da ke zuwa asibiti da cizon dabbobi sun ƙaru sosai a ranakun fitowar cikakken wata.

Amma fa babu wani cizo da aka ce na dodonni ne.