Yadda ake kashe miliyoyin jakai duk shekara don haɗa maganin gargajiya

A sana'arsa na siyar da ruwa domin samun rayuwa mai kyau, Steve ya dogara baki ɗaya ga jakansa.

Sukan ja shi a cikin kekensa ɗauke da jarkokin ruwa 20 zuwa ga duk kwastomominsa wanda hakan ya sa lokacin da aka sace su domin amfani da fatar jikinsu, Steve ya kasa ci gaba da sana'arsa ta sayar da ruwa.

Ranar da aka sace masa jakai, ya bar gidansa da ke wajen birnin Nairobi da safe zuwa gonarsa domin ya kwaso dabbobin.

"Ina isa gonar, ban ga jaki ko ɗaya ba," in ji shi. "Na bincika sama da ƙasa ba gan su ba, na ɗauki wuni guda ina neman su, har ma da dare, amma babu nasara." Bayan kwana uku ne wani abokina ya kira ni yake shaida min cewa ya gano kwarangwal din jakaina. "An kashe su, an yanka su kuma an cire fatarsu."

Satar jaki irin wannan ta zama ruwan dare game duniya a sassan Afirka da dama - da kuma sauran sassan duniya da ke da dimbin dabbobin.

A kasar China, akwai matuƙar buƙatar wani maganin gargajiya da ake yi da gelatin da ake samu a fatar jaki wanda ake kira da Ejiao.

An yi imani da cewa maganin na da sanadaran inganta kiwon lafiya da kiyaye lafiyar matasa.

Ana tafasa fatar jaki don fitar da gelatin din, wanda ake yi a matsayin hoda ko ƙwayoyi ko ruwa, ko kuma a saka a cikin abinci.

Masu rajin kare jakuna sun ce mutane irin su Steve da suka dogara da jakansu - waɗanda ake sacewa jakai suna fama da rashin dorewa da bukatar sinadarin gargajiya na Ejiao.

A wani sabon rahoto da aka fitar, Cibiyar kare jakuna, wadda ta yi kamfen na yaki da wannan sana’a tun daga shekarar 2017, ta yi ƙiyasin cewa a duniya ana yanka aƙalla jakai miliyan 5.9 a duk shekara domin sarrafa wani sashe na jikinsu.

Kuma kungiyar agajin ta ce buƙatar maganin gargajiyan sai ƙaruwa yake yi, ko da yake BBC ba ta iya tantance waɗannan alkaluman da kanta ba.

Yana da matukar wahala a samu cikakken rahoto na ainihin jakai nawa aka kashe don samar wa masana'antar Ejiao fatarsu.

A Afirka, inda kusan kashi biyu bisa uku na jakai miliyan 53 na duniya ke rayuwa, akwai ƙa'idodi a wurin.

An haramta fitar da fatar jakai a wasu ƙasashe, a wasu ƙasashen kuma ba haramun ba ne.

Sai dai yawan bukatar fatar da tsadar shi ne ke haddasa satar jakai, kuma cibiyar kula da jakai ta ce ta gano ana jigilar dabbobi ta kan iyakokin ƙasashen duniya don isa wuraren da cinikin ya tabbata kuma ba haramun ba ne..

To sai dai kuma nan ba da jimawa ba za a iya samun sauyi yayin da kowace gwamnatin Afirka da kuma gwamnatin Brazil ke shirin hana yankan jakai saboda yadda suke raguwa.

Solomon Onyango, wanda ke aiki a wurin ajiyar jakai da ke Nairobi, ya ce: “Tsakanin shekarar 2016 da 2019, mun kiyasta cewa an yanka kusan rabin jakai na Kenya [domin fataucin fatarsu].”

Waɗannan jakai su ne dabbobin da ke ɗaukar mutane da kayayyaki da ruwa da abinci, su ne ƙashin bayan talakawa da al'ummomin karkara, saboda haka ne girma da saurin bunƙasar fataucin fatarsu ya ankarar da masu fafutuka da masana, kuma ya sanya jama'a da dama a Kenya shiga zanga-zangar adawa da saye da siyar da fatar jakai.

Shawarwari na haramtawa Afirka baki ɗaya saye da siyarwar fatar jaki, na cikin ajanda a taron ƙungiyar Tarayyar Afirka, inda dukkan shugabannin kasashe ke ganawa, a ranakun 17 da 18 ga watan Fabrairu.

Da yake yin tsokaci kan yiwuwar haramcin saye da sayar da fatar jaki a fadin Afirka, Steve ya ce yana fatan hakan zai taimaka wajen kare dabbobin, "ko kuma tsare-tsare masu zuwa ba za su samu jakai ba".

Shin haramta saye da sayar da fatar jaki a duk faɗin Afrika da Brazil zai iya canza kasuwancin wani wurin?

Masu kera Ejiao sun kasance suna amfani da fatar jakai da aka samo a China.

Amma, a cewar ma'aikatar noma da karkara a can, adadin jakai a ƙasar ya ragu daga miliyan 11 a shekarar 1990 zuwa kasa da miliyan biyu kawai a shekarar 2021.

A lokaci guda kuma, Ejiao ya tashi daga zama mafi ƙarancin abin da aka sani kuma ake buƙata ya zama babban batu da kuma sananne a ko'ina.

Kamfanonin kasar China dai na samo fatar jakai a kasashen waje ne. An kafa wuraren yanka jakai a sassan Afirka da Kudancin Amurka da Asiya.

A Afirka, wannan ya haifar da mummunan fada game da saye da sayar da fatar jaki.

A kasar Habasha, inda aka haramta cin naman jaki, an rufe ɗaya daga cikin mayankan jakai biyu na kasar a shekarar 2017, sakamakon zanga-zangar da jama'a suka yi na nuna adawa da saye da sayar da fatar jaki da kuma ce-ce-ku-ce a shafukan sada zumunta.

Ƙasashe da suka hada da Tanzaniya da Ivory Coast sun haramta yanka da fitar da fatar jakai a shekarar 2022, amma makwabciyar China, Pakistan ta amince da wannan saye da sayarwar.

Saye da sayar da fatar jakai babban kasuwanci ne. A cewar kwararre kan huldar China da Afirka, Farfesa Lauren Johnston daga jami'ar Sydney, kasuwar Ejiao ta kasar China ta ƙaru daga kimanin dala biliyan 3.2 a shekarar 2020 zuwa kusan dala biliyan 7.8 a shekarar 2013.

Wannan ya zama abin damuwa ga jami'an kiwon lafiyar jama'a da masu fafutukar kare lafiyar dabbobi da ma masu binciken laifuka na duniya.

Bincike ya nuna cewa ana amfani da jigilar fatar jaki wajen safarar wasu haramtattun kayayyakin namun daji.

Ga shugabannin jihohi, akwai tambaya mai mahimmanci: Shin jakai sun fi daraja ga tattalin arziki mai tasowa ko da suna a mace ko a raye?

“Yawancin mutanen da ke yankinmu kananan manoma ne kuma suna amfani da jakai wajen sayar da kayansu,” in ji Steve. Yana amfani da kuɗin da yake samu daga sayar da ruwa don biyan kudin makarantansa don karatun likitanci.

Faith Burden, wadda ita ce shugabar likitocin dabbobi a wurin ajiyar jakai ta ce dabbobin suna kawo“sauƙi” ga rayuwar karkara a yawancin sassan duniya.

Waɗannan dabbobi ne masu ƙarfi, masu daidaitawa. "Jaki zai iya tafiya watakila sa'o'i 24 ba tare da shan ruwa ba kuma zai iya shan ruwa da sauri ba tare da wata matsala ba."

Amma ga dukkan halayensu, ba a haifar jakai cikin sauƙi ko sauri. Don haka masu fafutuka na fargabar cewa idan ba a takaita saye da sayarwarsu ba, yawan jakan za su ci gaba da raguwa, wanda hakan zai hana mafi yawan talakawa rayuwa da abokin zama.

Mista Onyango ya bayyana cewa: "Ba mu taba kiwo jakai don yankan jama'a ba."

Farfesa Johnston ya ce jakai sun "dauki matalauta" tsawon shekaru. "Suna ɗaukar yara da mata. lokacin da take dauke da cikin Jesus" in ji ta.

Mata da ‘yan mata, ta kara da cewa, suna daukar nauyin hasarar da aka yi idan an saci dabba.

"Da zarar an sace jaki, to, mata ne ke zama jakai kuma," in ji ta. Kuma abu mai cin rai da ɗaci game da hakan shi ne yadda ake sayar da maganin gargajiya na Ejiao ga matan China masu arziki.

Wani magani ne wanda ya kwashe shekaru dubbai, ana kyautata zaton yana da fa'idoji masu yawa daga ƙarfafa jini don taimakawa barci da kuma haɓaka haihuwa.

Amma wani fim ɗin China a shekarar 2011 mai suna Empresses ne ya ɗaga martabar maganin.

Farfesa Johnston ya bayyana cewa: "Ana nuna matan da ke cikin fim din suna shan maganin Ejiao kowace rana don su kasance masu kyau da koshin lafiya a ko da yaushe da kuma gyara musu fatar jikinsu da taimakawa wajen samun haihuwa." Amma kuma abin mamakin shi ne, yanzu haka maganin Ejiao na lalata rayuwar matan Afirka da yawa."

Steve, mai shekara 24, ya damu cewa, lokacin da ya rasa jakansa, ya rasa iko a kan rayuwa mai iganci "Yanzu a maƙale nake" in ji shi.

kungiyar agaji ta Brooke na aiki tare da wata kungiyar agaji ta jin dadin dabbobi a Nairobi domin samar da matasa da jakai - kamar Steve - wadanda ke bukatar su don samun aiki da ilimi.

Janneke Merkx, daga wurin ajiyar jakuna, ta ce yawan ƙasashen da suka kafa doka don kare jakansu, "zai fi wahala".

"Abin da muke so mu gani shi ne kamfanonin Ejiao su daina shigo da fatar jakai gaba ɗaya tare da saka hannun jari a wasu hanyoyin da za su dore - kamar noman samar da abincin dabbobi daga al'adun tantanin halitta . Tuni akwai hanyoyin aminci da inganci na aiwatar da hakan."

Faith Burden, mataimakiyar babban jami'in kula da wurin ajiyar jakai wato Donkey Sanctuary, ta kira fataucin fata na jaki da "rashin dorewa kuma rashin mutuntaka".

"Ana sace su, a yi tafiyar ɗaruruwan mitoci, a riƙe su a wuri mai cunkoso sannan kuma a yanka su a gaban sauran jakai," in ji ta. "Suna bukatar mu yi magana kan hakan.

Yanzu Brooke ya bai wa Steve sabuwar jaka, ta mace kuma ta sa mata suna Joy Lucky.

"Na san cewa za ta taimake ni in cimma burina," in ji shi. "Kuma zan tabbatar na kare ta."