Muhimman abubuwa shida kan mamayar Rasha a Ukraine a wata shida

Wata shida kenan da fara yaƙi tsakanin Rasha da Ukraine.

A wani jawabi, ranar 24 ga watan Fabarairu, shugaban Rasha Vladimir Putin ya sanar da ‘aikin dakarun soji na musamman’ a yankin Donbas na Ukraine – abin kuma da Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya ce ya dakatar da yin hakan.

An yi ta kai hare-hare ta sama a fadin Kyiv, babban birnin Ukraine, inda shugaban kasar, Volodymyr Zelensky, ya yi gargadin cewa ‘muddin wani ya yi kokarin karbe kasarmu da ‘yancinmu da kuma rayuwarmu…tabbas za mu kare kanmu’’.

Lokaci ne kuma da al’amuran mutane suka sauya har abada.

A ranar bikin samun ‘yancin kan Ukraine, duba kuma da cewa faɗan ya ƙi ci ya ƙi cinyewa, mun duba tasirinsa a tsawon wata shida cikin taswira shida – kama daga dannawar da Rasha ke yi da yawan mutane da aka kashe da kuma ɗaiɗaitawa.

1: Yadda Ukraine take kafin mamayar

Kafin mamayar, ‘yan a-ware da Rasha ke goyon baya, na rike da muhimman wurare a Donbas da ke gabashin Ukraine.

A ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairu, shugaban Rasha, Vladimir Putin, ya sanar da cewa yana goyon bayan ɓallewar yankuna biyu a Ukraine din, wadanda suka hada da jamhuriyar mutanen Donetsk da kuma jamhuriyar mutanen Luhansk.

Ukraine da kungiyar Nato da kuma ƙasashen Yamma dukka sun yi alla-wadai da yunƙurin – daga baya Shugaba Putin ya aike da dakarun soji zuwa Ukraine.

Rasha ta ƙwace ikon Crimea tun a 2014, duk da cewa yawancin ƙasashe na ci gaba da kallon yankin a matsayin wani ɓangare na Ukraine.

2: Yadda Ukraine take wata shida bayan mamayar

Wata shida bayan mamayar, Rasha ta ci gaba da dannawa, inda take samun nasara a gabashin Ukraine.

Amma ta tilasta wa Moscow ficewa daga manyan wurare da ke kusa da Kyiv da sauran manyan biranen Ukraine da ke arewacin ƙasar da ta ƙwace a farkon fara yaƙin.

Dakarun Rasha na iko da ɗaukacin yankin Luhansk sannan suna kuma ci gaba da dannawa a hankali zuwa yankin Donbas.

An shafe watanni ana kai manyan hare-hare a birnin Kharkiv.

Aikin ƙwace dakarun Ukraine daga masana’antar sarrafa karafa a watan Mayu, bayan gwabza faɗa na tsawon lokaci, ya bai wa Rasha damar karɓe iko da tekun Azov, wanda ya haɗa da ƙwace ɗaukacin gabar teku da ke kudancin ƙasar.

Har yanzu, Rasha na da iko a yankin Crimea duk da cewa an kai mata hari a watan Augusta, inda ababen fashewa suka faɗa kusa da sansanin sojojin sama na Belbek a wajen Sebastopol, wadda aka yi amfani da shi wajen kai wa Ukraine hare-hare.

A yankin Kudanci, Kherson ita ce birni na farko da dakarun Rasha suka karbe bayan mamayar, amma Ukraine na kokarin kwace iko da birnin ta hanyar amfani da makaman atilari masu cin dogon zango kan gadoji a faɗin kogin Dnipro.

3. Adadin mutane da aka kashe

Samun haƙiƙanin alƙaluman mutane da aka kashe a yaƙi na da matuƙar wahala da kuma sarƙaƙiya.

Alkaluman da BBC ta samu daga wata cibiyar tattara alkaluman rikice-rikice na siyasa mai zama a Amurka, mai suna Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project {Acled} - ya nuna cewa tun fara yaƙin sama da mutum 13,000 suka mutu.

Amma masana sun ce alkaluman mutane da aka kashe na iya zarta haka.

Kasashen biyu na Ukraine da Rasha na iƙirarin cewa dubun-dubatar mutane aka kashe – sai dai iƙirarin nasu ba shi da hujjoji saboda ba za a iya tantance hakan ba.

Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ce ba za a iya tantance gaskiyar alkaluman da suka fito daga wajen wadanda ke yaƙin ba.

4. Yawan mutane da suka tsere

Aƙalla mutum miliyan 12 suka tserewa gidajensu tun bayan mamayar Rasha a Ukarine, a cewar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.

Sama da mutane miliyan biyar ne kuma suka tsere zuwa makwabtan ƙasashe, yayinda aka haƙiƙance kuma cewa miliyan bakwai aka ɗaiɗaita a cikin Ukraine din kanta.

Duk da haka, dubun-dubatar ‘yan gudun hijira sun koma ƙasar – musamman a birane irin su Kyiv.

An kiyasta cewa sama da mutum miliyan 6.4 ne suka tsere daga Ukraine a farkon mamayar zuwa 17 ga watan Augusta, a cewar Hukumar Kula da ‘yan gudun hijira ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.

Wasu ‘yan Ukraine da suka fito daga yankunan Luhansk da Donetsk, sun tafi zuwa Rasha.

Shugaba Putin ya ce dakarunsa sun ƙwace fararen hula 140,000 daga Mariupol, inda kuma ya nanata cewa ba wanda aka tilastawa zuwa Rasha.

Sai dai, kungiyoyin sa kai sun ce sun taimakawa dubban ‘yan kasar Ukraine barin Rasha.

Yayinda kuma da yawan ‘yan gudun hijira suka bar Ukraine zuwa makwabtan ƙasashe na Poland da Jamus.

5. Ɓarnar da faɗan ya jawo

Wata shida bayan fara yakin, barnar da fadan ya janyo a bayyane take, inda aka ruguza gidajen mutane da kuma manyan gine-gine – inda ba abin da ake gani banda ɓaraguzan gine-ginen da aka rusa.

Ya zuwa rana 8 ga watan Yuni, an kiyasta cewa asarar da yaƙin ya janyo zai kai ta dala biliyan 39, a cewar cibiyar tattalin arziki da ke Kyiv.

Cibiyar ta ce an yi asarar ababen more rayuwa na dala biliyan 104 tun bayan soma yaƙin, inda ake kyautata zaton cewa alkaluman za su karu. 

6. Tasirin fadan a kan abinci a duniya

Yaƙin ya haifar da karancin abinci a faɗin duniya.

Yawancin ƙasashe sun dogara ne wajen shigo da alkamar ƙasar Ukraine, sai dai Rasha ta toshe dukkanin tashohin jiragen ruwan Ukraine din tun watan Fabrairu.

Wata shida bayan mamayar, a yanzu an cimma yarjejeniya wajen barin Ukraine ta dawo fitar da kaya a tashoshin jiragen ruwarta.

A cikin yarjejeniyar, Rasha ta amince ba za ta kai hare-hare kan tashoshin jiragen ruwa ba yayin da suke aiki, sanna Ukraine kuma ta amince cewa jiragen dakarun sojin ruwan ƙasar, za su jagoranci jiragen dakon kaya yayin jigila.

Jiragen dakon kaya da dama dauke da hatsi sun bar tashar jirgin ruwan Ukraine ta baharul-aswad, amma masu suka na nuna damuwa cewa yawancinsu ba za su samu inshorar da ake bukata ba domin dawowa.

Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Turkiyya sun taimaka wajen cimma yarjejeniyar – ɗaya daga cikin yarjejeniyar mai muhimmanci da aka cimma tun soma yakin.

Sakataren Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Antonio Guterres, wanda ya shiga cikin yarjejeniyar, ya bukaci dukkan ɓangarori da su ci gaba da yin aiki ‘cikin aminci’ don yarjejeniyar ta ɗore.

Shugaban Erdogan na Turkiyya, ya ce yarjejeniyar hatsi za ta zama kan gaba cikin tattaunawar samun zama lafiya da za a yi tsakanin Ukraine da Rasha.

Amma mutane kaɗan ne ke da irin wannan ra’ayi.

Shugaba Zelensky, ya ce ba za a fara tattaunawar ba har sai Rasha ta bar yankunan ƙasar da ta mamaye.