Afrika y'Epfo iracarindiriye ubutungane ku vyaha vyakozwe na apartheid

Ikintu ca hafi Lukhanyo Calata yibuka kuri se wiwe ni ishingurwa ryiwe. Yibuka imbeho yari ihari n’agahinda nyina wiwe yari afise. Hari mu gihe c’ubukonje mu 1985, mu gisagara gito ca Cradock mu ntara ya Eastern Cape muri Afrika y’Epfo.

Yibuka ingene wamengo isi yariko igendera musi yiwe kubera ingene ibihumbi n’ibihumbi bari bagandaye batambuka baririmba.

Bari bavuye mu mihingo yose y’igihugu baje gusezera se wa Lukhanyo, Fort Calata, hamwe n’abandi bagabo batatu bari bakiri bato bahavuye bamenyekana nka Bane ba Cradock (Cradock Four).

N’aho ari kimwe mu vyaha bikomeye cane vy’igihe ca bwa butegetsi bw’ivanguraruhu muri Afrika y’Epfo, buzwi nka apartheid, ababikoze gushika ubu ntibarigera barengutswa, n’aho Umurwi wo kunywanisha no kurekuriranira muri ico gihugu (TRC), utabahaye ubudahangarwa.

Ariko ubu urugamba rwo kuvyura amatohoza kuri ubwo bukozi bw’ikibi, hamwe n’ubundi buharurwa mu majana bwakozwe mu gihe c’ivangura rya apartheid, ruriko rurakomera.

Ubwicanyi bwa Cradock bwo mu 1985 bwateje uburakari mu gihugu cose.

Umukuru w’umugambwe utari wemewe n’amategeko ico gihe, ariwo African National Congress (ANC), Oliver Tambo, yashikirije ijambo isinzi ry’abantu bari bitavye ibirori vyo gushingura umuhisi mu butumwa yarungitse ari mu buhungiro.

Uwo musi, Perezida Pieter Willem Botha yatangaje ibihe bidasanzwe mu ntara ya Eastern Cape, vyaje gukwira igihugu cose mu mwaka wakurikiye. Iyo ngingo yahaye ububasha bwose bwo gutuza ibikorwa vy’abarondera ko ubutegetsi bw’inkehwa z’abazungu buvaho.

Nk’uwuhagarariye United Democratic Front (UDF), umuhari wari uhurikiyemwo imirwi iharurwa mu majana yarwanya ivanguraruhu, umwe muri aba bane, Matthew Goniwe, rimwe na rimwe yaraja mu gisagara ca Port Elizabeth mu manama. Muri rumwe muri izi ngendo ku wa 27 Ruheshi (6), yari yaherekejwe na Fort Calata, Sparrow Mkhonto hamwe na Sicelo Mhlauli.

Aba bantu bane bari barongoye abandi bari bazwi mu gipolisi ko barwanya ibikorwa vya apartheid. Igihe bari bamaze kugenda ibirometero 200 basubira i Cradock, barahagaritswe kw’ibariyeri y’igipolisi.

Bahavuye batorwa ibiziga mu bibanza bitandukanye vyaturiwe.

Mu ntango, reta yabanje guhakana ko ata ruhara yagize muri ubu bwicanyi, mbere amatohoza yakozwe mu 1987 yasanze aba bagabo bane bishwe n'"abantu batamenyekanye".

Ariko mu mpera z’ubu butegetsi bw’inkehwa z’abazungu mu 1993, haruguruwe amatohoza agira kabiri inyuma y’inkuru yanditswe n’ikinyamakuru yavuga ko hari ubutumwa bwa gisirikare bwo mw’ibanga bwarungitswe busaba ko Goniwe, muvyarawe Mbulelo Goniwe hamwe na Calata “bazimanganwa mu kibano burundu”.

Iyi nkuru yarangiza ivuga ko inzego zijejwe umutekano ari zo zabishe ariko nta mazina y’ababikoze yadomweko urutoke.

Ubutungane buracarindiriwe

Lukhanyo Calata yari afise imyaka itatu igihe se wiwe yicwa. Inyuma y’imyaka 38, imiryango y’aba Bane ba Cradock iracarindiriye ko ababukoze barengutswa imbere y’ubutungane.

Ubu bwicanyi ni bumwe mu mabi ibihumbi n’ibihumbi bumaze kwumvirizwa n’umurwi ujejwe kumenya ukuri no kurekuriranira kugira ngo Afrika y’Epfo ikire inkovu z’ubutegetsi bwa apartheid kuva burangiye.

Perezida Nelson Mandela yasavye Musenyeri mukuru Desmond Tutu kurongora uyu murwi washira imbere gukiza igihugu biciye mu kunywanisha no kurekuriranira kugira ngo ntihabe ukwihorahorana inyuma y’imyaka mirongo y’ubugome.

Warahurije hamwe abakoze ubukozi bw’ikibi, ivyabona hamwe n’abakorewe amabi yakozwe mu gihe ca apartheid kugira batange ibishingantahe ku mugaragaro. Umurwi wo kunywanisha no kurekuriranira warahaye akaryo abo bose bemeye ivyaha bakoze ko kuronswa imbabazi, ibi bikaba nibura vyatumye ababuze ababo baronka ihumure mu kumenya ivyashikiye abakunzi babo.

Imbere y’umurwi wo kunywanisha no kurekuriranira, batandatu muri aba bapolisi indwi bemeye ko bagize uruhara muri ubu bwicanyi bw’aba Bane ba Cradock nta mbabazi bahawe ku mvo z’uko hari ivyo batashatse gushira ahabona.

Uru ni rumwe mu manza zababa 300 umurwi TRC warungitse mu bucamanza mu 2003 kugira hakorwe amatohoza yimbitse hanyuma imanza zicibwe.

Ariko ku miryango yari imaze imyaka mirongo irindiriye ko ubutungane buyitunganiriza ku bantu bayo, ivyakurikiye vyabaye ukurindira amaso agahera mu nzira kuko izi manza zose zitigeze zikorwako.

Ntibiratomoka igituma abategetsi babandanya bakwega amaguru.

Insiguro ishoboka y’uku gukwega amaguru yagiye ahabona mu 2015, igihe mwenewabo na Nokuthula Simelane, umwe mu baharanira agateka ka zina muntu yabuzwe irengero mu 1983, yuguruje urubanza asaba ko haba amatohoza kw’ibura ryiwe.

Uru rubanza rwatumye abahoze mu nzego z’ubucamanza barenguka bakavuga ko reta yazibiye amatohoza no guca imanza zarungitswe n’umurwi wo kunywanisha no kurekuriranira, harimwo n’urw’umwigeme Simelane.

Bavuga ko hari ubwoba bw’uko amatohoza ku vyaha bimwe bimwe yari gutuma bamwe mu banywanyi b’umugambwe ANC urongoye igihugu basabwa kurenguka kubera uruhara rwabo mu guhonyanga agateka ka muntu mu gihe co kurwanya apartheid.

BBC yarasavye reta ya Afrika y’Epfo kugira ico ibivuzeko, ariko gushika ubu nta nyishu iraronka.

Nta matohoza arigera akorwa ku birego vy’abanyaporitike vyo kwivanga muri izi manza n’impamvu zishobora kuba zarabiteye.

Hagati aho, aya makuru asa n’ayuhirira ababuranira abakorewe amabi bamaze imyaka itari mike badodora mu miryango yugaye.

Calata ati: “Amaherezo vyaje kuba ivyemezo ku vyo twari tumaze igihe tuzi, gusa ico gihe ntitwashobora kuvyemeza”.

Simelane yari umunywanyi w’umuhari uMkhonto we Sizwe, ishami rya gisirikare rya ANC, igihe yanyuruzwa mu gituro c’amamodoka co mu kuzimu mu gisagara ca Johannesburg mu kw’icenda 1983, akamara amayinga akorerwa iyica rubozo, nk’uko biri mu gishingantahe catanzwe n’abapolisi b’igihe ca apartheid imbere y‘umurwi w’ukunywanisha no kurekuriranira. Ikiziga ciwe ntikirigera gitorwa.

Umushikiranganji w’intwaro ibereye n’imico kama, Thembi Nkadimeng, rimwe rimwe arizera ko azoruhira kubona mukuruwe mu ndoto ziwe. Ivyo yibuka kuri Simelane bigenda bizimangana, kandi si vyinshi, ariko aribuka ingene yakunda guteka, ingene yategura ameza akagaburira umuryango wiwe mu mice itatu.

Ati: "Ndibuka mama avuga ngo: 'Urateka ariko ntufungura!'”

Umupfasoni Nkadimeng aricuza kubona atagifise agashimwe kiwe Simelane yamuguriye igihe yagira isabukuru y’imyaka icenda. Haciye amezi make, mukuru we yaciye aburwa irengero, akanya gato imbere y'uko ahimbaza isabukuru y'imyaka 22.

Ariko ikimubabaza gusumba ni igihe kirekire kihaciye ata gikozwe. Babiri muri bane bahoze ari abapolisi bagirizwa kwica mukuruwe barapfuye. Urubanza rwa babiri basigaye rwazingamitswe no gucererwa.

Batatu muri bano bane bagirizwa barasavye umurwi wo kunywanisha no kurekuriranira ko wobababarira kw’iyica rubozo bakoreye Simelane ariko barankiwe. Nta n’umwe yasavye kubabarirwa ku caha co kumwica.

'Uruhombo runini'

Katarzyna Zdunczyk, umukuru w’igisata kijejwe imigambi mw’ishirahamwe ryo muri Afrika y’Epfo riharanira agateka ka muntu, Foundation for Human Rights, avuga ko gusubira kwugurura amatohoza mu 2017 ku rupfu rwa Ahmed Timol yabaye impinduka ikomeye.

Uwahoze ari mw’ishami ry’igipolisi rijejwe umutekano yaragirijwe urupfu rwa Timol umwaka wakurikiye ariko akaba yapfuye ataracirirwa urubanza.

Mu ntango z’uno mwaka, imiryango y’ababuze ababo yarishimiye amakuru avuga ko igisata c’abashikirizamanza, National Prosecuting Authority (NPA), cagenye uwahoze ari komiseri mu murwi wo kunywanisha no kurekuriranira, Dumisa Ntsebeza, kugira ngo yihweze ingene uyu murwi wakemuye ibibazo vyo mu gihe ca apartheid.

Kivuga ko iyi ngingo yisunze utwigoro two mu myaka mike iheze two “kuzibira abanyeporitike borondera kwivanga” mu manza.

Ariko umupfasoni Zdunczyk abona ko aya matohoza atazoshobora kwinjira mw’ido n’ido ry’ingene abanyaporitike bivanze muri ibi bibazo, akavuga ko ari nkenerwa ko hashingwa umurwi wigenga ujejwe amatohoza kuri ibi birego.

Mu gihe abenshi mu babigizemwo uruhara n’ivyabona bikuru bikuru bamaze gushengera, icizere co gutorera umuti izi manza ni gito cane.

Ariko Calata avuga ko azobandanya urubanza rw’abishe se wiwe.

Ati: "Ndashobora kuja ku mva yiwe, n’aho haciye imyaka 38, nkavuga nti: 'Papa, ubu ndizeye ko ushobora kwiruhukira mu mahoro kubera abantu bagushize aho uri vyarangiye bakubiswe intahe mu gahanga'".

Umupfasoni Nkadimeng avuga ko umuryango wiwe urondera ko ibintu bihera. Se wiwe na musazawe bapfuye batabonye ingene Simelane yahambwe, ariko yizeye ko nyina wiwe azobibona.

Ati: "Narigeze kuba mfise umukobwa tuvukana. Kuri mama wanje, yaravyaye umwana w’umukobwa uno musi adashobora kumenya aho ari. Ntashobora gushika ku mva yiwe, ntashobora kumuhamba”.

"Nibaza ko uru ari rwo ruhombo rukomeye gusumba ibindi vyose, kubona abandi bantu bashobora gupfa bapfanye ububabare bwabo”.