Kubera iki Afrika y’Epfo yicuza ku mategeko yayo yorohereza abimukira inyuma ya apartheid

Mu gihe urwanko ku banyamahanga rugenda rwiyongera muri Afrika y’Epfo, umushikiranganji w’intwaro yo hagati Aaron Motsoaledi aherutse gutangaza imigambi yo gushiraho amategeko ruhasha ajanye n’abimukira be n’abasaba ubuhungiro azogira ingaruka zikomeye ku banyamahanga barondera kuba muri ico gihugu.

Ivyipfuzo vyiwe biri mu gitabo, kizwi nka White Paper cashizwe ahabona kugira ngo kiganirweko n’abanyagihugu nk’intambwe ya mbere yo gushiraho amategeko yo gukuraho burundu poritike yo kwuguririra imiryango bose yashizwe imbere muri iki gihugu inyuma ya ya ntwaro y’ivangura, yari izwi nka apartheid, mu 1994.

Mu cerekana urugero rw’izi mpinduka ategekanya, Dr Motsoaledi yavuze ko reta yakoze “ikosa rikomeye” inyuma y’imyaka ibiri igihe itera igikumu ku masezerano mpuzamakungu - nk’amasezerano ya ONU agenga impunzi – itabanje kurondera kwikiza ingingo zimwe zimwe.

Avuga ko ibi bitandukanye n’ibihugu bitari bike vyahisemwo kwanka ingingo ziha abasaba ubuhungiro n’impunzi uburenganzira bumwe n’abenegihugu – harimwo uburenganzira bw’akazi no kwiga ku bana babo.

Paddy Harper, umunyamakuru w’ikinyamakuru Mail & Guardian co muri Afrika y’Epfo, avuga ko ivyiyumviro vya Dr Motsoaledi ari ibimenyetso vya vuba vyerekana ko reta irongowe n’umugambwe ANC ibona neza ko yarengeje urugero mu ngingo yafashe inyuma y’aho intwaro y’inkehwa z’abazungu irangiriye.

Harper yabwiye BBC ati: "Afrika y’Epfo yaraciwe muri ca gihe ca apartheid, rero igihe ANC yariko irondera kuja hamwe n’amakungu, yarugururiye imiryango abimukira n’abarondera ubuhungiro, abenshi bakaba bava mu bihugu vya Afrika na Aziya.

"Reta ya ANC yakoze kandi ibi mu rwego rwo guharanira inyungu rusangi za Afrika (Pan-Africanism) hamwe no gufashanya n’amakungu kubera imfashanyo ibindi bihugu vyayihaye mu gihe c’urugamba rwo kurwanya intwaro ya apartheid.

"Poritike n’ubutunzi vyarahindutse cane kuva ico gihe, ibi bigasigura impinduka ku kungene reta ibona ibintu ubu”.

Dr Motsoaledi asaba abantu gusaba ubuhungiro mu bihugu binjiyemwo ubwa mbere, ibi bigasigura ko bashobora kwimwa ubuhungiro mu gihe bageze muri Afrika y’Epfo baciye mu bindi bihugu.

Izi nteguro ziwe zishobora kuzogira ingaruka ku bava cane cane mu bindi bihugu vya Afrika, kuko ari vyo bivamwo aba bantu benshi b’impunzi n’abasaba ubuhungiro bahunga indyane n’itotezwa mu bihugu vyabo.

Nk’uko ibiharuro vya ONU bivyerekana, Afrika y’Epfo itunze impunzi n’abasaba ubuhungiro bababa 250.000. Aha ntiharimwo abanyamahanga bafise ivya ngombwa n’abatabifise bari mu gihugu ku mvo zindi, harimwo abaja kurondera ubuzima.

Mu cigwa casohowe mu 2012, umunyeshure wo kuri kaminuza South Africa's University of the Free State, Khangelani Moyo, yavuze ko 25% vy’impunzi n’abarondera ubuhungiro bava muri Ethiopia, 23% muri Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo, 11% muri Somalia, 10% muri Bangladesh hamwe na 6% muri Zimbabwe.

Harper avuga ko igitigiri c’impunzi n’abasaba ubuhungiro gishobora kuba ari gito ariko ko gishobora kuba mu vyongerezwa urwanko ku banyamahanga biyongereye cane mu myaka 30 iheze, mu gihe ubushomeri muri Afrika y’Epfo bwaduze rwose gushika hafi kuri 32%.

Ati: "Abimukira – cane cane Abasomali n’abanya-Bangladesh – babonwa ko ari bo biganziye ubutunzi mu bisagara, kandi bakagirizwa ko batwara ubuzi abenegihugu. Ibi vyatumye haba ibitero ku bimukira, hongera hanavuka n’imirwi irwanya abimukira, nk’umurwi uzwi nka Operation Dudula".

Harper avuga ko Dr Motsoaledi ashikirije ibi afatiye ku matora ategekanijwe mu mwaka uza.

Ati: "Imwe mu migambwe itavuga rumwe n’uwuri ku butegetsi ishobora gushira imbere cane iki kibazo c’abimukira. ANC ifise ubwoba ko ishobora gutakaza abanywanyi, ubu ikaba ishaka kuboneka ko iriko iragikorerako”.

Avuga kandi ko iki kibazo gishobora gufasha umugambwe uri ku butegetsi kwibagiza ivyo yananiwe gukora, nko kuzamura ubutunzi n’ubuzima bw’abanyagihugu.

Mu kwa gatandatu, umutegetsi wo hejuru wa ANC Fikile Mbalula yavuze ko abimukira badafise ivya ngombwa ari nk’igihute kuri Afrika y’Epfo.

Yavuze ati: "Abimukira badafise ivya ngombwa ni umuzigo munini ku butunzi, ibi bikagira ingaruka mbi ku mibereho, ku gisata c’amagara y’abantu carengewe, ubushomeri n’ubukene”.

Rusansuma iheruka ya Afrika y’Epfo yerekanye ko mu mwaka uheze hari abimukira barenga imiriyoni 2.4, abenshi muri bo bakaba bava mu gihugu kibanyi ca Zimbabwe ku rugero rwa 45.5%, kigakurikirwa na Mozambique hamwe na Lesotho.

Bangana n’ibice vyababa 3% vy’abantu bose baba mu gihugu bashika imiriyoni 62 – n’aho abategetsi bavuga ko bigoye guharura abanyamahanga, cane cane ababa badafise ibibaranga.

Ku bwa Dr Mosoaledi, biragaragara ko ata “n’umwe ashobora kwishinga ivy’abimukira bose badafise ibibaranga” muri Afrika y’Epfo, akavuga ko reta yariko iragerageza guhangana n’iki kibazo.

"Buri mwaka, inzego zijejwe abimukira zisubiza iwabo abanyamahanga batagira ivya ngombwa hagati ya 15.000 na 20.000 ku mafaranga menshi cane. Iki gitigiri kiriko kiriyongera”, niko avuga, akongerako y’uko reta iriko irashiraho urundi rwego rwo gukurikirana iki kibazo – ruzwi nka Border Management Authority (BMA) (twogereranya na ‘Urwego rujejwe gucungera imbibe) - mu ntumbero yo "kugabanya biboneka ibitigiri vy’abashobora kwinjira mu gihugu badaciye mu nzira zizwi n’amategeko”.

Dr Motsoaledi ati: "Hategerezwa gushirwaho itegeko rishasha rikomeza ububasha bw’abagize inzego zijejwe abinjira n’abasohoka n’iz’ubugenzuzi, kandi bakama bakarihirizwa ubwenge”.

Asaba kandi ko hashingwa amasentare ajejwe abinjira n’abasohoka, akavuga ko “inzego zisanzwe zihari ubu zitabishoboye kandi bigatuma ibibazo bijanye n’abinjira n’abasohoka, harimwo n’ivyo kubasubiza iwabo, bifata umwanya muremure”.

Dr Moyo yabwiye BBC ko bigoye gutuza abimukira badafise ivya ngombwa, kubera benshi bava mu bihugu bibanyi.

Ati: "Iyo ubahagaritse ukabasubiza iwabo, mu ndwi ikurikira baca bagaruka.

"Ntushobora guhagarika uruja n’uruza rw’abantu. Iciza rero ni ugushiraho urwego rwotuma abantu binjira bafise ivya ngombwa”.

Mu gihe amatora yegereje, reta ntishobora guhagarika integuro zayo, cane cane ko ubushakashatsi bumwe bumwe bwakozwe bwerekana ko ANC ishobora gutakaza ubwiganze bwayo mu nama nshingamateka ku ncuro ya mbere kuva mu 1994.

Nk’uko Dr Moyo abivuga, ino migambwe isaba ko haba amategeko ruhasha y’abinjira n’abasohoka, harimwo amategeko ruhasha yo kugenzura imbibe, yaravyitwayemwo “neza cane” mu matora yo hasi ya 2021 mu ntara ya Johannesburg, umutima w’ubutunzi bwa Afrika y’Epfo, hamwe no ku mugwa mukuru Tshwane.