Uburusiya burimo gutwika gas nyinshi mu gihe ibiciro byayo birimo gutumbagira

Mu gihe igiciro cya gas Iburayi n'ahandi ku isi kirimo gutumbagira, Uburusiya burimo gutwika ingano nini ya gas idatunganyije, nk’uko isesengura ryahawe BBC News ribivuga. 

Inzobere zivuga ko iyo gas irimo gutwikwa yari kuba yaroherejwe mu Budage. 

Zivuga ko ikigo kiyitunganya kiri hafi y’umupaka wa Finland, buri munsi kirimo gutwika gas y’agaciro kagera kuri miliyoni $10.

Abahanga muri siyanse batewe impungenge n’ingano nini y’imyuka ya ‘carbon dioxide’ birimo gutera, ibishobora kwihutisha gushonga k’urubura rwo ku mpera y’isi ya ruguru ya Arctic.

Isesengura ry’ikigo Systad Energy rivuga ko metero kibe miliyoni 4.34 za gas zirimo gutwikwa buri munsi. 

Birimo gukorerwa ku kigo gishya gihinduramo amazi gas karemano ‘liquified natural gas’ (LNG) cya Portovaya mu majyaruguru ashyira uburengerezuba bw’umujyi wa St Petersburg.

Ibimenyetso bya mbere ko hari ikintu giteye inkeke byavuye ku baturage ba Finland baba hafi y’umupaka babonye ikibatsi kinini cyane hakurya kure muri iyi mpeshyi barimo. 

Portovaya iri ahatangirira igitembo cya Nordstream1 kijyana gas mu Budage giciye munsi y’inyanja. 

Gas yoherezwa iciye muri iki gitembo yaragabanyijwe cyane kuva hagati muri Nyakanga(7), Uburusiya buvuga ko ari ibibazo bya tekinike byabiteye.

Ubudage buvuga ko ari igikorwa cya politiki kiva ku bitero by’Uburusiya muri Ukraine.

Gusa kuva mu Kamena(6), abashakashatsi batangiye kubona ukwiyongera gukomeye kw’ubushyuhe buva muri ruriya ruganda – bakeka ko biva ku kuzurirana, no kugurumana kwa gas idatunganyije. 

Mu gihe gutwika gas aho itunganyirizwa ari ibisanzwe – ubundi bikorwa ku mpamvu tekinike cyangwa zo kwirinda – ingano y’uku gutwika yo yatangaje inzobere. 

Dr Jessica McCarty, inzobere ku makuru atangwa n’ibyogajuru wo muri Kaminuza ya Miami muri leta ya Ohio, US, agira ati: “Sindabona ikibatsi kingana gutya ku ruganda rwa LNG.” 

Yongeraho ati: “Kuva muri Kamena(6), twatangiye kubona [ikibatsi] kizamuka, kandi ntabwo gihagarara. Gikomeza kuba hejuru cyane.”

Mark Davis, umukuru wa Capterio, kompanyi ikora ibyo gushaka ibisubizo ku miriro ya gas, avuga ko uwo muriro atari impanuka ahubwo ushobora kuba ari icyemezo cyafashwe kubera ibikorwa runaka.

Yabwiye BBC ati: “Kenshi abakoresha uruganda bashidikanya ku kurufunga kubera gutinya ingorane za tekinike cyangwa ikiguzi cyo kurutangira bushya, birashoboka ko aribyo biri kuba hano.” 

Abandi bakeka ko hashobora kuba hari ingorane za tekinike zo kubika gas nyinshi cyane ubundi yoherezwaga iciye mu gitembo cya Nordstream.

Bishobora kandi kuba ingaruka zo gukomanyiriza ibicuruzwa by’Uburusiya mu Burayi kubera ibitero byabwo kuri Ukraine. 

Esa Vakkilainen, mwalimu wa ‘energy engineering’ muri kaminuza ya LUT muri Finland ati: “Ikibatsi nk’iki kimaze igihe kinini gishobora gusobanura ko hari ibikoresho babuze. 

“Bityo kubera gukomanyirizwa k’Uburusiya, ntibashobora gukora ibikoresho bigezweho bikenewe mu gutunganya gas n’ibitoro. Cyangwa hakaba hari ibyangiritse kandi bakaba badashobora kubisimbuza.” 

Gazprom, ikigo cy’ingufu cya leta y’Uburusiya gifite uru ruganda – cyasabwe kugira icyo kivuga kuri iyi ngingo ariko ntacyo kirasubiza.

Agaciro k’imari itakara n’ingaruka ku bidukikije biterwa n’uyu muriro biriyongera buri munsi, nk’uko abahanga muri siyanse babivuga. 

Sindre Knutsson wo mu kigo Rystad Energy ati: “Mu gihe impamvu nyayo y’uyu muriro itazwi, ikigero, ibyuka bijya mu kirere n’aho biri kubera ni ibyibutsa imbaraga z’Uburusiya ku isoko ry’ingufu Iburayi.” 

Yongeraho ati: “Nta kimenyetso cyerekana ko ejo Uburusiya bushobora kugabanya ibiciro by’ingufu. Iriya ni gas yagombaga kuba iri kugurishwa iciye muri Nordstream cyangwa ahandi.” 

Ibiciro bya gas n’ibikomoka kuri petrol byarazamutse ku isi ubwo ‘Guma mu rugo’ zo muri Covid zakurwagaho ubukungu bugasubira mu buryo busanzwe. 

Ahantu henshi hakorerwa imirimo, inganda n’imyidagaduro byahise bikenera vuba vuba ingufu nyinshi icya rimwe, bishyira ku gitutu abagurisha ibyo bicuruzwa. 

Ibiciro byongeye kuzamuka kurushaho muri Gashyantare(2) uyu mwaka, nyuma y’uko Uburusiya buteye Ukraine. 

Leta z’Iburayi zashatse uko zikura gas n’ibitoro bicye mu Burusiya, mbere bwahaga ibihugu bigize Ubumwe bw’Uburayi (EU) 40% by’ingufu bikoresha. 

Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibiciro by’ahandi bagura gas byarazamutse, kandi bimwe mu bihugu bigize EU – nk’Ubudage na Espagne – ubu byafashe ingamba zo kugabanya ingufu bikoresha. 

Ingaruka ku bidukikije z’uku gutwika gas zihangayikishije abahanga muri siyanse. 

Carbon y’umukara, ni izina rihabwa uduce duto tugize ibiva muri uku gutwika gas karemano idatunganyije. 

Prof Matthew Johnson wo muri Carleton University muri Canada ati: “Imwe mu mpungenge yihariye ni carbon y’umukara ivamo ikajya mu majyaruguru aho igwa ku rubura bikongera cyane gushonga kwarwo."

Prof Matthew avuga ko kuba hari ibimenyetso ko carbon y’umukara nyinshi irimo kugwa kuri ruriya rubura ivuye kuri uriya muriro ari “amakuru mabi.”