Aho Kinshasa 'yihendeye' mu kwirukana ingabo zose mvamahanga – uko inzobere ibibona

Ukutumvikana hagati ya reta ya Repubilika ya Demokarasi ya Congo hamwe n’Umuryango wa Afrika y’Ubuseruko ku gikorwa c’ingabo z’uno muryango zari zarungitswe mu buseruko bw’iki gihugu ni kwo kwatumye ahanini reta izisaba gukura meza, niko Onesphore Sematumba wo muri International Crisisi Group (ICG) abibona.

Sematumba yabwiye BBC Gahuzamiryango ko reta yashaka ko ingabo za EAC zitana mu mitwe na M23 zikayirangiza, mu gihe zozo zavuga ko zagiye kugira ngo zibungabunge amahoro, zishireho akarere gatekanye kugira ngo habe ibiganiro vy’amahoro.

Ati: “Rero uku kutumvikana ni kwo kwatumye reta ya Congo ivuga iti ‘nimba mudashoboye kurwana, ntaco mutumariye, ni muzinge ivyanyu mutahe’”.

Muri iki gihe, izi ngabo za Kenya, Uburundi, Uganda na Sudani y’Epfo zatahutse inyuma y’uko reta y’iki gihugu yankiye kwongereza ikiringo cazo.

Reta y’iki gihugu kandi yasavye ko n’ingabo z’ishirahamwe ONU ziri mu butumwa buzwi nka MONUSCO zitahukanwa inyuma y’imyaka irenga 20 ziri muri iki gihugu, bikaba vyitezwe ko ingabo z’ishirahamwe SADC zija muri ico gihugu kugira zifashe reta kurwanya inyeshamba ziyigeramiye.

Sematumba avuga ko kimwe mu bibazo vyahabaye ari uko, mu gihe Congo buca yinjira mu matora ategekanijwe kuri uyu wa 20 Kigarama (12) kandi Perezida Tshisekedi akaba yipfuza kuyatsinda, “yashatse kubona intsinzi ya gisirikare, ariko intsinzi ingabo ziwe zidashobora kumuha”.

Ati: “Ni naco gituma yagumye asaba ko izi ngabo zifata ibirwanisho zikamufasha kurwana, ariko nazo zikavuga ko igikorwa cazo ari ugufasha kugira ngo hashingwe akarere gatekanye kugira ngo ibiganiro bikore akazi”.

Avuga ko uku kutumvika kwatumye reta ya Congo mbere n’abanyagihugu batishimira izi ngabo, “bakabona ko ataco ziriko zirakora, ko ahubwo ko zikorana na M23 aho kurwana na yo”.

Ati: “Ubwo rero, ni co gicumuro c’inyanduruko cabaye, gituma zigenda, mbere zimwe muri zo zitari bwamare n’umwaka”.

DRC yarihenze?

Onesphore Sematumba abona ko Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo yihenze kandi ko igenda yihenda, ari naco gituma ibintu bimeze uko bimeze gushika ubu.

Aho yihendeye ubwa mbere, nk’uko abivuga, ni ukwibaza ko “ingabo zitarenze ibihumbi bitatu canke bine, kandi zitavuga ururimi rumwe, zishobora kuza zikarwana, zigahereza Congo intsinzi”.

Ati: “Burya intsinzi itangwa imbere na mbere n’ingabo z’ico gihugu ubwazo”.

Ukwihenda kwa kabiri ku bwa Sematuma, ni uko Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo ibandanya ivuga ko Urwanda ari we mwansi wayo ruhebwa, ko rukwiye kurwanywa kuko ari rwo ruyitera ruciye ku muhari M23, na rirya ivuga ko ari rwo rwawushinze.

Ati: “Mu gihe rero Urwanda ruri mu bihugu bigize EAC hanyuma Congo nayo ikabandanya irwerekana nk’umwansi, ni ukwihenda cane kwibaza ko biriya bihugu bindi vya EAC, ari na vyo vyakiriye Congo, bizohava birwanya Urwanda”.

Ica gatatu yihenzeko nk’uko abivuga, ni ukubandanya yibaza ko inyishu y’umutekano muke urangwa mu buseruko bw’igihugu ari inyishu ya gisirikare.

Ati: “Igisirikare gishobora kuzana agace gato k’inyishu, ariko ikibazo c’Ubuseruko si ica gisirikare gusa. M23 ni umurwi umwe mu yirenga 120 iri muri ako gace k’igihugu. Rero ni ngombwa ko barondera inyishu iramye ku bibazo vyose bituma haba umutekano muke”.

Ingabo za SADC zishobora gusubiza ibintu mu buryo?

Ingabo z’ishirahamwe SADC – DR Congo isanzwe ari umunywanyi wayo kuva mu 1998 - zisanzwe zizwi ko muri kahise zagiye zifasha reta y’iki gihugu, ingabo zayo zigeramiwe n’imihari y’inyeshamba.

Ibihe nyamukuru ni nko mu 1998, aho ingabo za Angola, Zimbabwe na Namibia zirokora ubutegetsi bwa Laurent Désiré Kabila hasigaye akanya gato ngo inyeshamba zari “zishigikiwe n’Urwanda, Uganda n’Uburundi” nk’uko abahinga bigye bavyerekana, zigarurire Kinshasa, hamwe no mu 2013 igihe ingabo za Tanzania, Afrika y’Epfo na Malawi zirukana umuhari M23 wari wigaruriye igisagara ca Goma, mbere ukanatsindwa.

Ku bwa Sematumba, mu gihe ibihugu vya Afrika y’Epfo, Tanzania na Malawi ari vyo vyemeye kurungika izi ngabo, ari na vyo vyari vyarungitse ingabo mu 2013, ibihe biratandukanye.

Ati: “Mu 2013, Afrika y’Epfo, Tanzania na Malawi vyagiye gufasha Congo mu rwego rwa birigade ya MONUSCO yari ishinzwe kurwana. Ariko ubu, ntibazoba bambaye kariya kagofero ka MONUSCO, ari nako kabatuma baronka ibikoresho vya ONU”.

Abona ko ingorane ya SADC ubu ari uko ari yo izokwimenya mu kurondera abasirikare barungikwa, ibikoresho n’amafaranga, akabona ko bishobora gufata igihe, ibi navyo kubwiwe bikaba bidahumuriza mu gihe ingabo za “Monusco zigiye kugenda, iza EAC na zo ziriko ziragenda”.

Ati: “Mu gihe hakirindiriwe ko SADC yipanga neza kugira ngo yinjire, hari igihengeri gishobora gutuma ibintu bishobora kuba urudubi, hakaduka intambara ikomeye ku buryo ingabo za SADC zishobora kuza gutabara ibintu vyabaye nabi cane”.

‘Balkanisation ntishoboka’

BBC yamubajije ico yiyumvira ku bwoba bumaze igihe bw’uko iki gihugu gishobora gucikamwo ibice, ikizwi nka Balkanisation, akabona ko ari umugambi udashoboka n’aho hari abavyiyumvira.

Ati: “Mu bijanye n’imigenderanire hagati y’ibihugu muri iki gihe, ntawokwiyandagaza ngo agiye gucamwo ibice igihugu ngo ashiremwo iyindi mipaka”.

Avuga ko hari amabwirizwa ngenderwako yemewe n’ibihugu vyose ko “imipaka twasigiwe n’abakoloni ari iyo nyene, n’ibihugu ni ivyo nyene”.

Ati: “Dushobora guhindura imipaka mu gukora ama-coalitions [amahuriro mpuzabihugu] ama- Confédération [imiryango mpuzabihugu] n’ibindi bihugu, ariko kuvuga ngo urafata agaprovince kamwe ngo ukagire igihugu si ibintu vyoroshe”.

Sematumba abona ko ingorane nyamukuru ni ari uko igihugu ca Congo ata butegetsi bukomeye butuma abanyagihugu bose biyumvamwo ubwenegihugu, bigatuma batisanzura ngo bashike aho bipfuza.

Ati: “Kuko nk’ubu hari ahantu Perezida Tshisekedi ubwiwe adashobora kugera kandi ari muri Congo, Buramatari wa Kivu ya Ruguru ntashobora kuva muri Goma ngo aje gutembera nko muri teritware ya Rutshuru kandi ari muri Kivu ya Ruguru, aha si mvuze umunyagihugu asanzwe.

"Ariko ivyo kuvuga ngo bazofata agapande, bashinge ibendera hanyuma bavuge ngo tubaye igihugu cigenga, oya ntivyoshoboka.

“Kiretse abanyamahanga bavyitayemwo bagakora nk’uko bakoze muri Sudani aho bashinze Sudani y’Epfo, ariko na vyo nyene ntivyabereye, kuko bahavuye babona ko atari inyishu nyayo."