Ushobora kwirinda ubusaza mu kutabwiyumvira?

Ni iyihe myaka uba ugezeko ku buryo wiyumva ko ubuzima bwawe bugeze ahacagatiye? Kuva kuri 40 kugeza 60? Kuva kuri 50 kugeza 70? Canke hagati na hagati y’aho hompi?

Ngira ntibigutangaza kwumva ko inyishu abantu bakunze gutanga, ituruka ku myaka baba bagezeko igihe babajijwe ico kibazo.

Igihe abantu baharugwa mu bihumbi amajana atanu buzuza inyishu z’bibazo kuri murandasi mu 2018, abasubije bari bageze mu myaka iri hagati ya mirongo ibiri na mirongo itatu, bavuga ko bagereranya ko umuntu aba ageze ahacagatiye mu kiringo c’ubuzima bwiwe ku myaka mirongo ine, mu gihe abari bakuze gusumba abo, bobo babona ko ico gihe kiza ku myaka 62.

Aho ni mu gihe abarenza imyaka 65 y’amavuko, bobo bibaza ko umuntu atangura gusaza mu gihe amaze kurenza imyaka 71.

Impamvu iyi migwi itiyumvira ubusaza kumwe, ziragaragara hano.

Nta n’umwe akunda kwifata ko ashaje canke ariko arasaza, rero iyo ugeze ku myaka 40, ukunda inkuru zivuga ko abari kuri iyo myaka 40 ubu bafatwa nk’abafise 30.

Nikwo kw’uko, abageze mu myaka 70 nabo bakunda kwiyumvisha ko kubera iterambere mu bijanye no kubungabunga ubuzima hamwe no gufungura, nabo ariho baba batanguye imyaka yo gucagatira ubuzima, bava mu bigero vy’abakuze bisanzwe, binjira mu busaza.

Ikindi kandi, dukunze kwikura ku murwi uwo ariwo wose ukorerwa ivangura.

Bisobanura ko twirinda gushigwa mu murwi w’abashaje, igihe tubona ko abasaza bafatwa nk’abantu b’amagara make, ataho baja, barwaragurika, ndetse ari nk’umuzigo kuri sosiyete.

Kukaba nka kwo, ubusaza n’ikintu kibaho kandi abasaza bakwiye gusonerwa (kwubahwa) no guterwa agateka.

None abantu baba bizanzaza igihe banse kwishiramwo mu vyiyumviro vyabo ko bashaje?

Ahubwo, biboneka ko ari uburyo baba biyumviriye ko, bubafasha kwihumuriza no kuguma kandi bafise intege mu buzima.

Muri 2003, abashakashatsi Hannah Kuper, Sir Michael Marmot (yamenyekanye cane mu kugaragaza ingaruka nziza z’igihagararo mu butunzi no mu kibano ku magara y’umuntu no kuramba kwiwe) mu cigwa cakozwe ku buryo bwagutse aho abakigizemwo uruhara babajijwe ca kibazo nyene ngo: umuntu atangura gusaza ku myaka ingahe?

Birumvikana ko habonetse inyishu zitandukanye, ariko ico Kuper na Marmot batahuye n’uko abavuga ko ubusaza butangura kare, basanze aribo bafise urugero ruri hejuru rw’ivyago bifatiye kw’ihagarara ry’umutima ukareka gutera (heart attack) canke izindi ngwara zifata umutima, canke amagara yabo agatituka kurusha abandi muri rusangi, mu gihe c’imyaka iri hagati ya 6 na 9 bamaze bakurikiranwa inyuma y’ico cigwa.

Abagize uruhara muri iki cigwa, ciswe 'Whitehall II study', bamaze igihe bakurikiranwa ari abakozi ba leta barenga 10,000 bo mu muji wa London.

Cari icigwa gikomeye, aho babazwa ibibazo vyinshi bitandukanye.

Ibi bisobanura ko Kuper na Marmot bashobora kumenya neza ko izindi mpamvu nko kuba umuntu ari mu kazi canke adakora, canke urwego abarizwamwo mu kazi, bishobora kugira ico bihinduye ku budasa bw’amagara/ ubuzima bw’ababajijwe muri iki cigwa. 

None ni gute igiharuro utanga cerekana imyaka umuntu atangura gusazirako, gisobora kuba gifise inkurikizi ihambaye ku magara yawe?

Kimwe mu bikekwa ni uko, inyishu kuri ico kibazo gisanzwe ku kumenya imyaka abantu bibaza nk’intango y’ubusaza, itanga ayandi makuru menshi kuri nyene gutanga iyo nyishu, kurusha uko ushobora kubitegera.

Akarorero, bishobora kuba bituma nyene kubazwa ikibazo yiyumvira ku buzima bwiwe, kandi mu gihe afise ingorane z’amagara canke abayeho nabi, ashobora kwiyumva ko atamerewe neza, igatuma yibaza ko agiye gusaza vuba.

Abantu bibaza ko ubusaza butangura imyaka yabo igeze kure, bashobora kuba bitaho amagara n'imibereho yabo

Abantu bibaza ko ubusaza buza kare imyaka yabo itaraba myinshi, bashobora kutitaho kubungabunga amagara yabo, kutaja kwa muganga, ku gukeka ko ata kundi, amagara ategerezwa gutera anyika.

Bashobora kwibaza ko abakuze ata ntege bagira, bagatangura kugenda buhoro buhoro n’ibigirankana, kandi bakabifata nk’ibisanzwe, aho kuba nyabuna arivyo bokwirinze ku mvo zo kubungabunga amagara yabo yo ku mubiri no mu mutwe.

Bashobora kwitega gufatwa n’urwiba (kwibagira) kubera bakuze, ivyo bigatuma batacizera ko bashobora kwibuka mu bwenge bwabo.

Birashoboka ndetse ko n’umwitwarariko wabo wo kwibaza ko bashaje ubatera ibibazo.

Rero kubaho umuntu yibaza ko ashaje bishobora gutuma ubusaza batinya bunyaruka ahubwo kubagerako.

N’igihushane c’ibi kirashoboka nyene. Abantu biyumvira ko ubusaza buza butevye mu buzima, baba bitayeho amagara yabo n’ubuzima muri rusangi, bigatuma bafata ingingo yo kwiyitaho no gukora ibifasha umubiri wabo kuguma umeze neza.

Bibaza ko bakiri bato, bakifata nk’abakiri bato, bigatuma bagumana itoto.

Uko biri kwose, icirwa ca Kuper na Marmot sico conyene carekenye inyungu zigaragara zikomoka ku kwiyumvira ubusaza kuganisha ku vyiza.

Becca Levy wo muri Yale School of Public Health, akoresheje ivyavuye mu cigwa cakozwe i Ohio ku busaza no gukukuruka, nawe nyene yagunduye ibintu bitangaje kandi bidasanzwe. Icigwa ca Ohio cari cakozwe ku bantu barenga igihumbi bari bageze ku myaka itari munsi ya 50 ico gihe.

Yasanze abantu bari bafise ivyiyumviro vyiza ku myaka yabo (nk’akarorero bemera ko ubwenge bwabo bwa mwakuyu n’ubwo uyu mwaka ari bumwe ata cahindutse, kandi batemera ko uko usaza ariko utera ubura ubushobozi bwo kugira akamaro), usanga ko kuva bagiye muri iki cigwa, bararengeje imyaka 22.6 ku myaka yitezwe y’uburambe, mu gihe abiyumva nk’abasaza bo barengeje imyaka 15 ku myaka y’uburambe muri rusangi.

Abantu bafashe imyaka y'izabukuru nk'igihe ciza, co kwiga ibintu bishasha no gutunganya imigambi mishasha, bararengeje imyaka y'uburambe muri rusangi

Iruhande y’ivyo haje n’ikindi cigwa gishasha cakozwe na Susanne Wurm wo muri Kaminuza ya Greifswald mu buraruko bw’Ubudagi, caje gutomora neza na neza iryo sano hagati y’ubusaza n’uko abantu babwishiramwo. Kandi ivyo yatoye biza bihumuriza n’abiyumvira ubusaza nabi, ko bidatuma ivyago vyo gupfa batarashikira imyaka y’uburambe muri rusangi, bica vyiyongera.

Ariko kandi, ababona ubusaza mwo ivyiza, nk’igihe co kwiga ibintu bishasha, no gucura imigambi mishasha, bo bararamba kurusha abandi.

Muri kino cigwa, basanze ku muntu ataco bitwaye, yaba yiyumvira ubusaza neza canke nabi, ahubwo igifise ingaruka kuri bo n’ukuba bemera ko ubwenge bwabo buzokomeza kwiyongera. 

Nta na kimwe muri ibi vyigwa kivuga ku guhagarika ubusaza, canke kubusubiza inyuma. Kubona neza, kwumva neza, kwibuka, kugira imitsi, amagufa canke inyama bikomeye, ndetse no gukira vuba iyo umubiri watewe n’ingwara, n’ibindi vyose ushobora kwibaza, bigenda bitituka.

Kandi uko abantu basaza niko banakarigwa n’ingwara zitandukanye.

Ibi vyigwa vyose bifatiye ku biharuro ngereranyo, rero kuvuga canke kwiyumva ko imyaka yawe igeze hagati mu gihe c’uburambe kandi ukuze cane ntibizotuma abantu bose baca bareka kurwara.

Ariko umwanditsi akaba n’umunyamakuru David Robson, mu gitabo ciwe 'The Expectation Effect', araducira agace.

Avuga ko aho kuririra gutakaza ubuto, abashaje bakwiye gushira umwitwarariko ku vyo bagenda biga mu buzima bacamwo, no ku bumenyi bafise uko imyaka yabo itera yigira imbere, bagashima uko batera imbere mu kumenya uko bitwara mu buzima.

Iyo abashaje bakitswe n’amagara, ntibari bakwiye guca bibaza ko ari kubera imyaka.

Uretse n’ivyo, uko dutera dusaza, ntitwari dukwiye guheba namba kugerageza kubungabunga amagara yacu, no kwiyumvisha ko hari ibintu vyinshi tukibasha gukora.

Mu gihe ibi tubifashe nka nkama, tubaho igihe kire kire kandi tukakibamwo neza, tukanezereregwa iyo nyongera ku myaka y’uburambe.

Icitonderwa

Ibiri muri uru rwandiko vyose vyatanzwe ku mvo zo gukwiragiza ubumenyi gusa, ntiwobifata rero nk’ibishobora gusubirizwa impanuro za muganga wawe canke ubundi bufasha bwose ushobora guhabwa n’abahinga mu buvuzi. BBC ntiyobazwa ingingo izo arizo zose zofatwa mu gusuzuma uburwayi zishingiye ku biri mu makuru yo kuri uru rubuga. BBC ntiyobazwa kandi ibiri ku zindi mbuga zo hanze yayo zivugwa muri iyi nkuru, kandi ntibazwa ivyamamazwa biciye kuri izo mbuga. Hamwe woba ufise amakenga ku magara yawe, ukwiye kubaza umuganga wawe igihe cose.