Indebakure ya James Webb irerekana neza kurushaho 'inkingi z'iremwa' mu isanzure

Jonathan Amos

Umunyamakuru wa BBC kuri siyanse

Ni iyo hambere - ni ishusho nziza yo kubona igice cy'isanzure, ubu indebakure (telescope) James Webb yongeye kuyisura iyerekana bushya.

Ibyiswe “inkingi z’iremwa” ni nziza, ni ibicu bitsitse bya gas ya hydrogen hamwe n’umukungugu biri hagati y’itsinda ry’inyenyeri ryiswe Serpens, ku ntera y’imyaka-urumuri (light-years) 6,500 uvuye ku isi. 

Abahanga bavuga ko 'light-years' imwe ireshya na kilometero tiriyari icyenda. 

Buri ndebakure nini yabashije kubona iyi shusho idasanzwe, izwi cyane ni indebakure Hubble observatory yakoze hagati ya 1995 na 2014. 

Umushinga w’indebakure James Webb yo ubu yaduhaye indi shusho y’umwihariko. 

Izo nkingi ziri rwagati mu mutima w’icyo abahanga mu isanzure bita Messier 16 (M16), cyangwa Eagle Nebula. Aka ni agace n’ubu aho inyenyeri nshya zikikora. 

James Webb, ikoresheje imirasire yayo ya ‘infrared’, ibasha kureba inyuma cyane y’urumuri rushashagirana rw’izo nkingi mu kwiga ibikorwa by’amazuba mashya yavutse. 

Prof Mark McCaughrean, umujyanama mukuru muri siyanse mu kigo European Space Agency (ESA), yabwiye BBC ati:

“Natangiye kwiga Eagle Nebula kuva hagati mu myaka ya 1990, ngerageza kureba ‘imbere’ muri izo nkingi z’uburebure bwa ‘light-years’ indebakure Hubble yerekanaga, nshaka inyenyeri nshya hagati muri izo nkingi. 

“Igihe cyose nari nzi ko James Webb nifata ifoto yazo izaba ihebuje. None ngiyi ni ko imeze.” 

Izo nkingi zo muri Messier 16 zigenda zirushaho kuboneka neza n’uko ziteye kubera urumuri rwa ultraviolet ruva ku nyeyeri za rutura zihegereye.

Ariko mu by’ukuri, iyaba hari uburyo budasanzwe wagera muri icyo gice cy’isanzure uyu munsi, izo nkingi zishobora kuba zitagihari.

Tuzibona kubera ko tuzirebera mu gihe cyahise. Urumuri indebakure Webb ibona rwafashe imyaka 6,500 kugira ngo rugere ku ndorerwamo (mirrors) zayo. 

Iyo indebakure zirimo kureba mu isanzure, zerekana urumuri ruva kuri izo nyenyeri. Kubera ko izo nyenyeri ziri kure cyane yacu, bifata imyaka myinshi ngo urwo rumuri rugere ku ndebakure zirutwereka. Bityo, iyo ubona inyenyeri cyangwa nk’izi ‘nkingi z’iremwa’ mu by’ukuri uba ubona uko zahoze mu myaka myinshi ishize. 

James Webb ni umushinga uhuriweho n’ibigo by’isanzure bya Amerika, Uburayi na Canada. Watangijwe mu Ukuboza(12) umwaka ushize kandi ufatwa nk’uwaje gusimbura Hubble Space Telescope.