Menya abakuru b'ibihugu vya Afrika baherutse gutsinda amatora ku majwi arenga 90 kw'ijana

Intsinzi y'akataraboneka ni ivyavuye mu matora aho uwuhiganwa canke umugambwe watsinze baronka amajwi menshi cane canke ibibanza vyinshi, gusumba kure cane abakeba babo basigarana amajwi ari ku rushi.

Perezida Samia Suluhu Hassan, ni umwe mu bakuru b'ibihugu batsinze ku majwi y'akataraboneka muri kahise k'umugabane wa Afrika.

Abanywanyi biwe bavuga ko iki ari ikimenyetso c'uko yizigiwe mu banyagihugu ba Tanzania, nubwo atariko abatavuga rumwe nawe haba mu gihugu canke hanze babibona.

Ni gake cane aho usanga abanyaporitike baronka intsinzi y'akataraboneka gushika ku majwi 90 kw'ijana, ariko muri Afrika, hariho abakuru b'ibihugu batsinda ku majwi 90 kw'ijana canke hejuru yayo mu matora y'umukuru w'igihugu.

Iyo tuvuga abategetsi batsinze ku majwi arenga 90 kw'ijana, ikibazo kiza ni: None iyi ntsinzi yerekana ko aba bategetsi bizigiwe, canke ni kubera inzira za demokarasi zinigirwa mu menshi bigatuma baronka iyi ntsinzi?

Brice Oligui Nguema - Gabon

Mu matora yo mu kwa kane kw'uno mwaka, Brice Oligui Nguema, yatembagaje intwaro ya Gabon muri Myandagaro (8) 2023, yatsinze amatora y'umukuru w'igihugu ku majwi 90.35% y'abatoye, nk'uko ivyavuye mu matora muri iki gihugu co muri Afrika yo hagati bivyerekana.

Ivyayavuyemwo bitsimbataza ububasha bwa Nguema inyuma y'impinduka zatumye intwaro y'umuryango wa Bongo yari imaze inusu y'ikinjana isenyuka muri ico gihugu cimbura igitoro gifise abanyagihugu bababa imiriyoni 2.5.

Umukeba wiwe mukuru yahiganywe na we muri ayo matora ni Alain Claude Bilie By Nze, yahoze ari umushikiranganji wa mbere ku ntwaro ya Perezida Ali Bongo imbere y'uko haba zi mpinduka. Nze w'imyaka 57 yaronse amajwi 3.02%.

Teodoro Mbasogo- Guinée Equatoriale

Muri Munyonyo 2022, Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo yaratowe ku majwi 94.9% nk'umukuru w'igihugu kugira arongore Guinée Equatoriale mu kiringo ciwe kigira gatandatu.. Ni amajwi yatangajwe n'umurwi ujejwe gutegura amatora inyuma y'amatora yabaye ku wa 20 Munyonyo 2022.

Nubwo hari abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi bagiye muri aya matora, bari bafise abanywanyi bake, mbere n'umugambwe uri ku butegetsi watsindiye intebe zose zo mu nama nshingamateka na nkenguzamateka. Muri ico gihugu gikungahaye ku mutungo kama munini w'igitoro, Obiang ari ku butegetsi kuva aho igisirikare gitembagarije intwaro yari ihari mu 1979.

Ivyavuye muri ayo matora "vyateye impungenge nyinshi" Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n'indorerezi mvamakungu, bavuze ko yaranzwe n'ihonyangwa rikomeye ry'amategeko agenga amatora, iterabwoba n'ububeshi.

Paul Kagame - Rwanda

Muri Mukakaro (7) 2024 Perezida Paul Kagame w'Urwanda yaratsinze amatora y'umukuru w'ico gihugu ku majwi y'akataraboneka. Kagame yaronse amajwi 99.1%, yamuhaye intsinzi yo kubandanya arongoye igihugu mu kiringo c'iyindi myaka itanu yiyongera kuri 24 yari amaze ari umukuru w'iki gihugu.

Perezida Kagame yari afise abakeba bake, bakaba basangiye amajwi hafi 1%. Kagame yari amaze gutsinda ku majwi arenga 90% mu matora yo mu myaka ya 2003 aho yaronse 95%, 2010 aho yaronse 93% na 2017 aho yaronse 98.9%.

Kagame arashimagizwa ko yazanye ubumwe, amahoro n'ituze muri ico gihugu. Hari abamunegura ko ari umutegetsi w'agahotoro, ariko reta y'Urwanda irahakana ko ata ntwaro y'agahotoro iri mu Rwanda.

Alassane Ouattara – Côte d'Ivoire

Muri Gitugutu uno mwaka, Perezida Alassane Ouattara wa Côte d'Ivoire yatsindiye ikiringo ciwe kigira kane ku ntsinzi y'amajwi menshi, mu matora yabaye incuro zibiri, ivyayavuyemwo bikaba vyari vyitezwe cane.

Uno yahoze ari umukozi wo mw'ibanki mpuzamakungu no mu kigega mpuzamakungu FMI, ubu akaba afise imyaka 83, yaronse amajwi 89.77%, ikaba yari intsinzi yiwe igira gatatu yikurikiranya kuva ashitse ku butegetsi mu 2011.

Jean-Louis Billon yahoze ari umushikiranganji w'ubudandaji yaremeye ko yatsinzwe na Ouattara, akaba yaronse amajwi 3.09%, nayo Simone Gbagbo umutambukanyi w'uwahoze ari umukuru w'ico gihugu Laurent Gbagbo akaba yaronse amajwi 2.42%.

Abdel Fattah al-Sisi - Misiri

Perezida Abdel Fattah El-Sisi wa Misiri yagiye yikurikiranya mu kuronka intsinzi itagabanijwe mu matora yo mu 2014 na 2018, aho yagiye aronka amajwi 97%.

Ariko mu matora aheruka mu 2023, amajwi yarakorotse gato, ariko naho nyene yabuze gato ngo ashikane 90%, aho yaronse amajwi 89.6%, aba atorewe kurongora ikiringo kigira gatatu nk'umukuru w'iki gihugu.

Yashitse ku butegetsi inyuma y'itambagazwa ry'intwaro ya Perezida Mohamed Morsi ku wa 3 Mukakaro 2013 na we yari yashitse ku butegetsi nyuma y'intureka zo muri ico gihugu mu 2011. Amaze gutembagazwa, igihugu caciye kirongorwa vy'imfata kibanza na Adly Mansour gushika ashikirije intahe El-Sisi ku wa 8 Ruheshi (6) 2014 amaze gutsinda amatora ku majwi 96.91%.

Samia Suluhu Hassan - Tanzania

Mu ndwi iheze, Perezida Samia Suluhu Hassan wa Tanzania ni we yatangajwe ko yatsinze ku majwi y'akataraboneka mu matora y'umukuru w'igihugu yaranzwe n'imyiyerekano ikomeye.

Umurwi ujejwe amatora muri ico gihugu co muri Afrika y'Ubuseruko wavuze ko Samia, yabaye umukuru w'igihugu mu 2021 inyuma y'urupfu rwa Perezida John Magufuli, yaronse amajwi arenga 97.66% maze aba atsindiye ikiringo ciwe kigira kabiri c'imyaka itanu.

CHADEMA, umugambwe mukuru utavuga rumwe n'uwuri ku butegetsi, yarankiwe kuja muri ayo matora kubera yanse gutera igikumu ku mategeko ngenderwako, umukuru wawo akaba apfunzwe kuva mu kwa kane yagirizwa ubuhemu.

Umugambwe uri ku butegetsi CCM hamwe n'inzego zijejwe amatora bavuga ko ano matora yabaye meza kandi aba mu mwidegemvyo, nubwo hari abidoga kandi hakaba haradutse imvururu kuva ku musi w'amatora.

Ibi bisigura iki?

Uruvangatirane rw'ibituma – harimwo ubutegetsi abantu biyumvamwo, abanyagihugu babwishimira canke bakishimira umunyaporitike, imyiyamamazo ikomeye hamwe n'ishusho nziza mu binyamakuru – vyose birashobora gutuma uwitoza aronka intsinzi y'akataraboneka.

Ku rundi ruhande, intsinzi y'akataraboneka irashobora kuva ku busuma bw'amatora, hamwe n'ibindi bishobora gutuma indorerezi zibona ko amatora atabaye meza kandi mu bwisanzure.

Ni vyo koko y'uko buri matora akeneye kugirwako umwihwezo ukwayo, ntushobora gufatira hamwe aba bategetsi bose mu mwihwezo umwe. Ariko ikintu gishobora kukwereka ukuri ku ntsinzi yo ku majwi 90 kw'ijana n'ayarenga ni ukuraba ivyegeranyo vy'indorerezi zigenga muri ayo matora hamwe n'ingene imigambwe itavuga rumwe muri ico gihugu ihagaze.