Menya bano baperezida ba Afrika babaye ba 'Mareshari', Mahamat Deby Itno wa Tchad ntasigaye inyuma

Nk'uko vyagenze kuri se wiwe Idris Deby Itno, Mahamat Deby ahejeje kuduzwa kw'ipete rya Mareshari (Maréchal), ipete rya mbere risumba ayandi yose mu gisirikare c'igihugu.

Iyi ngingo yafashwe mw'itora mu nama nshingamateka ryabaye ku wa mbere w'ino ndwi igenekerezo rya 9 Kigarama "ku bikorwa yakoreye igihugu be n'intsinzi zitandukanye za gisirikare hagati no hanze y'igihugu".

Abashingamateka 160 ni bo batoye bemeza icemezo co kuduza ipete rya Jenerali Deby, babiri bakaba bagihakanye, batandatu nabo ntaco bakivuzeko.

Iduzwa rya Mahamat Deby rije inyuma y'igitero ca gisirikare yakoze ku murwi Boko Haram mu micungararo y'akarere k'ikiyaga Tchad muri Gitugutu (10), inyuma y'igitero c'uno murwi uvuga ko urwanya abansi b'idini rya Islam cahitanye abasirikare ba Tchad batari bake.

Bivugwa ko Mahamat ubwiwe ari we yarongoye ibitero vyo mu kirere no ku butaka mu kiringo c'indwi hafi zibiri.

Yasubiriye se wiwe, umuhisi Perezida Idriss Deby Itno, na we nyene yari yaronse iri pete ry'icubahiro mu 2020, ku myaka 68, inyuma y'urugamba rwo ku butaka yarongoye kuri aba barwanyi biyitirira idini rya Islam.

Mu gihe uno muhisi yari umukuru w'igihugu yidugije ipete inyuma y'imyaka 30 ari ku butegetsi, ku muhungu wiwe wewe w'imyaka 40 vyafashe imyaka irenga itatu gato kugira ngo ashike kuri iri pete rikomeye rya gisirikare.

Idriss Deby Itno

Ku wa 11 Myandagaro (8) 2020, itariki Tchad yahimbarijeko isabukuru y'imyaka 60 y'ukwikukira, Perezida Idriss Déby Itno niho yaba Marechari ku mugaragaro muri iki gihugu co muri Afrika yo hagati cagiye gikurakuranwako n'inyeshamba, ubugumutsi n'ama-coups d'Etats vyasheshe amaraso.

Idriss Déby yageze kuri iri pete inyuma y'urugamba we nyene ubwiwe yarongoye rwo kurwanya inyeshamba ziyitirira idini rya Islam muri Tchad, muri Niger, hanyuma kandi no mu karere ka Sahel.

Uno mugabo yamaze imyaka irenga ica kane c'ikinjana ku butegetsi afatwa nk'umwe mu bantu bakomeye cane mu vya gisirikare mu karere.

Hagati aho, Idriss Deby si we mukuru w'igihugu wa mbere kuri uno mugabane yashitse kuri iri pete, nubwo ku bimwerekeye, umugambwe wiwe wemera ko yaronse iri pete rya gisirikare nk'intwari.

Imbere yiwe, hari abandi batari bake bihaye ipete rya Mareshari canke biyita indongozi ubuzima bwabo bwose.

BBC irihweza bamwe mu bategetsi ba Afrika bashitse kuri iri pete rya gisirikare canke ku rindi ribangabanganwa na ryo, baryihaye bo nyene, canke barihawe hakurikijwe ibwirizwashingiro ry'ibihugu vyabo.

Idi Amin Dada : Marechari wa Uganda

Idi Amin Dada yahoze ari umukuru w'igihugu ca Uganda, akaba yari yavutse mu 1925, avukira mu gisagara citwa Koboko, mu buraruko bushira ubuseruko bw'igihugu.

Yize muri Uganda hanyuma yinjira mu gisirikare c'Ubwongereza mu 1945, cari kizwi kw'izina rya King's African Rifles (KAR).

Inyuma yo gutembagaza reta y'umukuru w'igihugu wa mbere yari yatowe, Milton Obote, yaciye aba umukuru w'iki gihugu mu 1971 arakirongora mu kiringo c'imyaka umunani.

Mu 1979, Amin Dada yarirukanywe ku butegetsi n'ingabo za Tanzania ziri kumwe n'inyeshamba z'umuhari Uganda National Liberation Front/Front de Libération Nationale de l'Ouganda. Yahungiye muri Arabia Sawudite ari naho yahavuye apfira mu 2003.

Mu 1975, ni ho yiha ipete rya Mareshari (Field Marshal) ipete ry'inyenyeri zitanu ari na ryo rya mbere rinini mu gisirikare ca Uganda kandi rikamugira umukuru w'igihugu ubuzima bwiwe bwose.

Uburengero bumufata nk'umugetetsi yatwaza umukazo yishe ubutunzi bwa Uganda, arongora intwaro yari ishingiye kw'iterabwoba n'amabi yakorera abanyagihugu.

Mobutu Sese Seko: Umuvyeyi w'igihugu azwi ku mazina menshi

Mobutu Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu Wa Za Banga ni ryo zina Joseph Désiré Mobutu yihaye mu 1971.

Uwo mugabo yarongoye Zaïre (ubu ni Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo) n'ukuboko kw'icuma (amajambo akoreshwa mu kuvuga ubutegetsi bw'agahotoro) yavutse ku wa 14 Gitugutu (10) mu 1930 i Lisala mu cari kizwi nka Congo Belge.

Ni we yahinduye Congo Belge yari yabaye Congo-Kinshasa maze ayita Zaïre co kimwe n'ifaranga ry'igihugu be n'uruzi nyamukuru rwaco.

Inyuma y'aho atembagarije intwaro ya Joseph Kasavubu, yashitse ku butegetsi ku wa 24 Munyonyo (11) 1965 hanyuma atsimbataza intwaro yiwe akoresheje inguvu za gisirikare n'ugushinga intwaro y'umugambwe umwe mu 1982.

Muri uwo mwaka nyene, niho yabaye Marechari nk'umukuru w'umugambwe Mouvement Populaire de la Révolution, ari na wo mugambwe rudende wari wemewe mu gihugu.

Azwi cane ko yashizeho umwambaro ndangakaranga wari uzwi nka Abacost (impfunyapfunyo ya à bas le costume), mu ntumbero yo kwiyambura umwambaro wa kositime y'Uburengero.

Mobutu yasavye kandi Abazayirwa (Zaïrois) kwitorera amazina y'amatazirano (prénoms) nyafrika kandi y'akarere, ivyo we nyene ubwiwe yakoze, mu kwiyita Mobutu Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu Wa Za Banga, ni ukuvuga "Mobutu umurwanyi ava ku ntsinzi akaja ku ntsinzi ata muntu n'umwe ashobora kumuzibira".

Mohamed Hussein Tantawi : Mareshari mu gihugu c'Abafarawoni

Mohamed Tantawi yavukiye mu karere ka Nubie/Nubia, hagati ya Misiri na Sudani, mu 1935. Yaronse urupapuro rw'umutsindo rwamuhaye akaryo ko kwinjira mu gisirikare ca Misiri mu 1956.

Yabaye umukuru w'igihugu ca Misiri atembagaje ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Hosni Moubarak. Ku wa 11 Ruhuhuma (2) 2011, yabaye umukuru w'igihugu akaba yahavuye ava ku ntwaro ku wa 30 Ruheshi (6) 2012.

Mu kiringo c'imyaka irenga 50, yaragize uruhara mu ntambara zikomeye za Misiri, harimwo izo iki gihugu cahangana na Israel, aha hakaba ari naho yaronkeye iri pete rya Mareshari.

Mu 1991, inyuma y'aho Koweït yigaruriwe na Irak, yarabaye mu ngabo mpuzamakungu mu ntambara ya mbere yo mu Kigobe c'Abarabu. Yararonse impapuro z'umutsindo z'icubahiro muri Misiri, Koweït na Arabia Sawudite.

Muri uwo mwaka nyene, yaragenywe nk'umushikiranganji wo kwivuna abansi wa Misiri n'umukuru w'igisirikare c'iki gihugu kuva mu 1991 gushika 2012.

Mohamed Tantawi azwi ko yazibiye utwigoro tw'abazwi nka Frères musulmans kuvogera igisirikare.

Jean-Bédel Bokassa: Mareshari akaba n'umwami w'abami w'ubuzima bwose muri Repubulika ya Centrafrique

Jean-Bédel Bokassa yavutse ku wa 22 Ruhuhuma 1921 mu ntara ya Lobaye, mu kigwati ca Bobangui, mu bumanuko bushira uburengero bwa Centrafrique.

Yize i Brazzaville, akaba yashaka kuba umupasitori ariko abavyeyi biwe bakaba bahavuye bamwumvisha ko yokwinjira igisirikare c'abakoloni b'Abafaransa.

Arangije amashure yiwe mu 1939, yarinjiye mu gisirikare maze aba umusirikare mu 1941. Yararwanye n'Abanazi mu ntambara ya kabiri y'isi ku ruhande rw'igisirikare c'Ubufaransa.

Muri Nzero (1) 1962, Bokassa yarasezeye mu gisirikare c'Ubufaransa aca yinjira mu gisirikare ca Centrafrique (RCA) nk'umukoroneli, hanyuma aba umuhanuzi wa gisirikare, avamwo aba umukuru w'ibiro bikuru vya gisirikare mu 1964.

Yihetse kuri izi nguvu nk'umukuru w'igisirikare, yaratembagaje muvyarawe akaba n'umukuru w'igihugu wa mbere wa Repubulika ya Centrafrique, David Dacko, aca atwara igihugu hagati ya 1966 na 1976.

Yitangaje nk'umukuru w'igihugu ubuzima bwiwe bwose mu 1972, Mareshari mu 1974 n'umwami w'abami wa Centrafrique kuva mu 1976 gushika mu 1979, aca ahindura izina ry'iki gihugu acita "Empire Centrafricain" (Ubwami bwa Centrafrique).

Uno mwami w'abami ubuzima yaraneguwe cane ku ruhara rwiwe mw'igandagurwa ry'abanyeshure 100, ryatumye abogozwa n'ingabo z'Abafaransa.

Jean-Bédel Bokassa yaraciye gatoya muri Côte d'Ivoire hanyuma ahungira mu Bufaransa.

Inyuma y'imyaka yamaze mu buhungiro, yahavuye atahuka muri Centrafrique mu 1980, yemera ivyaha yagirizwa hanyuma acirirwa umunyororo w'ubuzima bwiwe bwose.

Yagiye kurekurwa mu 1993 inyuma y'igihano yatezuriwe, akaba yagiye gusandaba muri Munyonyo (11) 1996 azize indwara y'umutima.

Ku musi w'isabukuru y'imyaka 50 igihugu cari kimaze cikukiye mu 2003, Bokassa yarahawe ikigongwe.