Gukomorwa n'inzoka mu Buhindi biriko vyica ibihumbi n'ibihumbi vy'abantu buri mwaka

Devendra, yari umurimyi mu Buhindi, aracibuka neza igihe inzoka yamukomoye ku kuguru mu gihe yariko atora amababi y'inkere.

Avuga ati: "Nagiye kwa muganga haciye imisi ine nkomowe, igihe ububabare bwari bumaze kuba bwinshi. Ariko ukwo guteba kwatumye banca ukuguru," ivyo akaba abivuga muri firime ngufi yasohowe n'ikigo Global Snakebite Taskforce(GST) , umugambi uharanira kugabanya impfu n'ingaruka ziva ku gukomorwa n'inzoka.

Ariko Devendra ari muri bake bagize amahirwe yo kurokoka.

Nk'uko bivugwa na Reta y'Ubuhindi, abantu bashika 50.000 baricwa n'inzoka buri mwaka muri ico gihugu, bikaba bigize hafi ica kabiri c'impfu zose ziba kw'isi yose.

Hari n'abandi bavuga ko ibitigiri bishobora kuba birenze ivyo: hagati ya 2000 na 2019, mu Buhindi hashobora kuba harapfuye abantu bagera ku miliyoni 1.2, ni ukuvuga impfu 58.000 ku mwaka, nk'uko ivyigwa vyakozwe mu 2020 vyavyerekanye.

Ubu rero, raporo nshasha y'ikigo "GST" yasanze 99% vy'abakozi bo mu nzego z'ukuvura mu Buhindi bahura n'ingorane mu gutanga umuti urwanya ubumara bw'inzoka.

Abashakashatsi babajije abaganga n'abaforoma 904 bo mu Buhindi, Brezil, Indonesia na Nigeria – ibihugu vyibonekezamwo cane ikibazo c'inzoka, basanga ingorane ari zimwe:

Hafi igice c'abo bakozi bavuze ko guteba kuvurwa vyatumye abarwayi babo bagirwako ingaruka zikomeye, harimwo gukatwa ingingo z'umubiri, kubagwa, canke ubumuga baca bagendana ubuzima bwabo bwose.

Mu 2017, ishami rya ONU rijejwe amagara y'abantu kw'isi, OMS, ryatangaje ku mugaragaro ko gukomorwa n'inzoka ari ingwara yo mu turere dushushe yirengagijwe, ariko ikomeye cane, kubera ibitigiri binini vy'abantu ihitana.

OMS ivuga ko abantu barenga imiliyoni 5.4 baribwa n'inzoka buri mwaka kw'isi yose, kandi abarenga 100.000 bagapfa.

Yongerako ko gukomorwa n'inzoka bibangamira cane abantu baba ruguru mu mitumba mu bihugu bikenye n'ibikiri mu nzira y'amajambere.

Mu Buhindi, igitigiri c'abantu bapfa canke bakomereka bitewe no gukomorwa n'inzoka kiboneka cane mu ntara zo hagati no mu buseruko bw'igihugu, nk'uko vyavuzwe na Dr Yogesh Jain, umunywanyi wa GST akaba n'umuganga akorera mu ntara ya Chhattisgarh.

Yongerako ko abantu bakora mu mirima, harimwo n'abo mu miryango y'abasangwabutaka bakenye, ari bo babangamirwa kurusha abandi.

Mu 2024, Ubuhindi bwatanguje umugambi witwa National Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Snakebite Envenoming (NAPSE) ufise intumbero yo kugabanya hafi igice c'impfu ziterwa n'inzoka gushika mu 2030.

Uwo mugambi ufatira cane mu gukurikirana neza ivyo bibazo, ukwongereza imiti irwanya ubumara bw'inzoka no gukora ubushakashatsi, kugwiza ubushobozi bw'amavuriro n'abaganga, hamwe n'ibikorwa vyo kumenyesha no kwigisha abanyagihugu .

Abahinga bemera ko ari intambwe nziza, ariko ishirwa mu ngiro ry'uwo mugambi ntiryama rikorwa neza hose.

Dr Jain avuga ati: "Mu Buhindi, gukomorwa n'inzoka bifatwa nk'ikibazo c'abantu bakenye, ni co gituma ata gishika gihagije canke igikorwa gikomeye gikorwa kuri izi mpfu zoshobora kwirindwa. Mu kuvura gukomorwa n'inzoka, buri segonda birahambaye cane."

Asigura ko ubumara bw'inzoka bwinjira mu maraso bunyaruka cane, bugatera imitsi, uturemangingo canke uko amaraso akora, bivanye n'ubwoko bw'inzoka yagukomeye.

Guteba guhabwa umuti bishobora gutuma umuntu adashobora guhema, akagira ubumuga, akagira ibibazo bidashobora gukira ku mubiri canke bigatuma ingingo zimwe z'umubiri zidakora.

Ariko guteba gushika kwa muganga ni ibisanzwe mu ntara zo hagati mu Buhindi, aho amabarabara ari mabi, amavuriro ari kure cane n'ubukene bw'imodoka zunguruza abarwayi ari nke bituma kuvurwa bitaba ku gihe.

Mu kwezi kwa Nyakanga (9) kw'umwaka uheze wa 2025, bivugwa ko umugore yari yibungenze mu ntara ya Gujarat yapfiriye mu nzira aja ku bitaro, inyuma y'uko umuryango wiwe wamwikoreye mu gitambara ku birometero bitanu, kubera ko ata modoka yashobora gushika mu karere iwabo.

Jain avuga ko intara zimwe ziriko ziragerageza guteza imbere uburyo bwo kuronka imiti mu gushira umuti ukingira ugukomorwa n'inzoka mu mavuriro mato mato. Ariko kuwutera neza biracari ikibazo gikomeye.

Abakozi benshi bo mu mavuriro si abahinga bize neza kandi batinya gutanga uwo muti kuko rimwe na rimwe abarwayi bashobora kugira ingaruka mbi zivuye kuri iyo miti.

Jain ati: "Umuti uvura ubumara bw'inzoka uvangwa n'amazi hanyuma ugaterwa mu mutsi w'amaraso mu kiringo c'isaha, ariko amavuriro menshi ntabifitiye ibikoresho vyo guhangana n'ingaruka mbi zishobora gukurikira."

Avuga kandi ko ikindi kibazo ari uko abantu benshi baba hagati mu gihugu mu Buhindi bizera cane abapfumu canke imiti kama, bagashika kwa muganga ari uko indwara imaze gukomera cane, ivyo na vyo bikaba bishobora kubica.

Gerry Martin, umwe mu bashinze ishirahamwe The Liana Trust ryishinze kugabanya amatati hagati y'abantu n'inzoka mu ntara ya Karnataka, avuga ko ikindi kibazo gikomeye ari ukubura umuti umeze neza.

Ubu, mu Buhindi hari umuti urwanya gusa inzoka zine zizwi nka "Zine zizwi cane":

Izi zizwi ko ari zo zikomora cane.

Martin asigura ko uno muti ukorwa mu gufata ubumara bw'izinzoka zimwe zimwe bakabutera amafarasi. Umubiri w'aya mafarasi uca urekura abasoda b'umubiri (anticorps/antibodies). Aba basoda b'umubiri ni bo baca batunganywa neza hakavamwo umuti wo kuvura abantu bakomowe n'izi nzoka.

Ariko hari izindi nzoka nyinshi zifise ubumara Ubuhindi budafitiye umuti wazigenewe. Muri zo harimwo;

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe umwaka uheze n'ishure rikuru ry'ubuganga AIIMS i Jodhpur mu ntara ya Rajasthan bwarerekanye ico kibazo. Bwasanze ko igihe umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura abakomowe n'inzoka zo mu bwoko bwa saw-scaled viper wahawe abarwayi 105 (aho ubwoko bw'inzoka butamenyekanye), hafi bibiri kuri bitatu vyabo umuti wabamereye nabi.

Ubwo bushakashatsi bwasozereye buvuga ko hakenewe cane "umuti ujanye n'uburere butandukanye bwo mu buhindi".

Mu myaka itanu iheze, ishirahamwe The Liana Trust riramaze igihe ryiga ubumara bw'izindi nzoka atari zimwe zine zizwi cane kugira rikore imiti izirwanya. Ariko Martin avuga ko intambwe igenda buhoro, kuko iyo nzira isaba akazi kenshi n'igihe kinini.

Yasavye izindi ntara ko zokurikiza itegeko ryashinzwe mu 2024 n'intwaro ya Karnataka, ryagize ko gukomorwa n'inzoka bifatwa nk'"indwara itegerezwa kumenyekanishwa" bisigura ko abaganga n'abakozi b'amavuriro basabwa gutanga raporo ku butegetsi kugira barwanye ikibazo co kudatanga amakuru yose.

Jain na we aravyemera ati: "Impfu ziterwa n'inzoka zitangura aho ubushake bwa politike buhera."

Yongerako ati: "Intwaro zikwiye kwitwararika ko abakene badahabwa ubuvuzi bubi. Barakwiye kuvurwa neza kurusha uko biri ubu."