FW de Klerk: Prezida wa nyuma w'umuzungu wa Afrika y'Epfo yashengeye

FW de Klerk yagize uruhara rukomeye cane mu nzira ya Afrika y'Epfo yo kuva mu ntwaro mvyanguramoko ija muri demokrasi.

N'ubwo hari n'aho vyategerezwa kugera igihe ibintu bigahinduka, De Klerk niwe yatumye umurindi w'impinduka wihuta.

N'ubwo ku yari umuntu agendera ku kugumiza ibintu uko vyari bisanzwe, uwo mukuru wa nyuma wa reta y'ivanguramoko yageze aho abona ko apartheid itashobora gukomeza.

Ugufuta ingingo yo kutemera umugambwe ANC (African National Congress) no kurekura Nelson Mandela nizo zabaye intambwe zo kuganisha ubutegetsi bwa benshi.

Frederik Willem de Klerk yavutse ku wa 18 Ntwarante/Werurwe (ukwezi kwa gatatu) 1936 i Johannesburg, mu murongo w'abanyaporitike b'Aba-Afrikaner. Se wiwe, Jan, yari yarabaye umushikiranganji muri reta.

Yize kuri kamimuza ya Potchefstroom, izwi cane kuba iy'abazungu, hanyu igihe yaronka urupapuro rwiwe rw'umutsindo mu mategeko, apartheid yari ishinze imizi cane.

Inyuma y'imyaka 11 ari umushingwamanza, yatsindiye intebe mu nama nshingamateka mu mugambwe wari ku butegetsi National Party mu 1972.

Yaciye mu bushikiranganji butari bike muri reta, ubwanyuma bwaye ubw'amashure, maze bimuduza kw'isonga ry'umugambwe wiwe.

Ico gihe yari mu bantu bemera cane apartheid n'uburyo yari yubatse mu mategeko: ama karitiye, amashure n'inzego bitandukanye ku migwi itandukanye y'amoko. Ariko, De Klerk yasa n'uko ari uwuje ava hanze igihe yaba umukuru w'umugambwe muri Ruhuhuma/Gashyantare (ukwezi kwa gatatu)mu 1989, prezida PW Botha amaze gufatwa n'indwara ya AVC. Haheze amezi atandatu inyuma y'impari nyinshi na Botha, yaciye amusubirira nk'umukuru w'igihugu.

Botha yari azwi cane kuterekwa gutsimbarara ku murongo w'ingene bintu bisanzwe, nawe hari igihe yacishamwio akavuga ibijanye n'impinduka, ariko yari yagumye anana ku bijanye no kuvanaho ingingo ica imihari igwanya apartheid, kandi reta yiwe yari yakoresheje inguvu mu gutesha imyiyerekano yashwaye igihugu mu mpera z'imyaka ya 80.

Ibisebe vya kera

De Klerk ntiyatevye kwerekana ko yari yiteguriye ivyo Botha atari yigeze yubahuka.

Yahamagariye ku mugaragaro ko haba Afrika y'Epfo idashingiye ku moko hanyuma mu mpera za 1989 arekura Walter Sisulu n'abandi bari bapfungiwe poritike nk'intangamarara y'ingingo z'impinduka zikomeye yari yimirije gukora.

Ku 2 Ruhuhuma (ukwezi kwa kabiri), prezida De Klerk yavnayeho ingingo ibuza ANC hanyuma arekura Nelson Mandela inyuma y'iminsi icenda.

Bitegerezwa kuba vyaciye bigaragara kuri De Klerk ko ubwo yariko arabona Mandela asubiye kwidegemvya, nawe iminsi yiwe ku butegetsi yari iharuye.

Iminsi isigaye yamaze ku butegetsi yaciye yiganzirwa ahanini n'ibiganiro amaherezo vyashikanye ku ntwaro ya benshi mu gihugu.

Ariko ibiganiro kw'ibwirizwa shingiro rishasha ryuguruye ibisebe vya kera.

Habaye ugushihana bikomeye hagati ya ANC n'umugambwe Inkatha Freedom Party.

Muri Ndamukiza/Mata (ukwezi kwa kane), De Klerk yatangaje ki abajejwe umutekano bagira basubire kurungikwa mu kartiye y'abirabura (townships). Yavuga ko reta yiwe yashaka "kwugara ikigabane ca kera ikugurura igishasha kitagira akanenge".

Abibohera ku rugamba rw'ibigwanisho n'abashimikiye kubandanya hari baganje abanda "bategerezwa kubona ko duhagaze vyo gupfa ku kwubaka Afrika y'Epfo nshasha izira uguhutaza hamwe n'uruhagarara. Intureka hamwe n'urugamba rw'ibigwanisho nta kibanza bifise".

Uwemerewe kwandika ku buzima bwa Mandela, umunyamakuru Anthony Sampson, mu nyuma yahavuye avuga ko De Klerk yari yumvikanye n'abajejwe umutekako kugerageza gucamwo ibice imigwi ibiri ikomeye yagwanya apartheid. Na Mandela ivyo yaravyagirije De Klerk mu gitabo Long Walk to Freedom.

Umurindi w'impinduka.

Sampson yanavuze ko De Klerk yagerageje yemereye mu mpisho abashikiranganji gushigikira amashirahamwe yari ashigikiye apartheid ariyo yahavuye amenyekana nka Third Force (Ubukomezi bugira gatatu).

De Klerk ivyo yarabihakanye cane, avuga ko ata bubasha yari afise kuri ayo mashirahamwe yatera uruhagarara rwo kugwanya ingendo ya demokrasi ariko mu nyuma mu kiganiro yatanze mu 2004 yemera ko abajejwe ukutekano hari ibikorwa bakora biyoberanije.

Yanagirije ANC ko yarimwo intagondwa zashaka gutoba umugambi w'amahoro. Abandi batari bafise amahoro zari indagondwa z'abazungu -bari babajwe n'uko hashobora kuba reta y'abirabure.

De Klerk ivyo yabibonye kare aca abizunguruka mu gutunganya amatora kamarampaka ya "whites only" (abazungu gusa) mu 1992, aho ku bwinshi abazungu bashigikiye ko hakomeza impinduka.

Kuva ico gihe umurindi w'impinduka waciye usa n'uwutagishoboye guhagarikwa kandi uko amakungu abona Afrika y'Epfo kwariko kurahinduka.

Mu 1993, De Klerk yaronse agashimwe k'amahoro kitiriwe Nobel hamwe na Mandela, umugabo yahavuye amusubirira nk'umukuru w'igihugu.

Yabaye icegera c'umukuru w'igihugu mu matora ya mbere yitabwe n'amoko yose mu 1994 aca afata akaruhuko ku mirimo ya poritike mu 1997 avuga ati: "Ntanze imihoho kuko nibaza ko ari mu nyungu z'umugambwe n'igihugu."

N'ubwo imigenderanire ya de Klerk na Mandela yazi iracamwo ukutumvikana bikomeye, prezida mushasha yavuze ko uwo yasubiriye yari umuntu w'inyankamugayo.

"Ivyo atakoze neza"

Mu 1998, De Klerk n'umugore wiwe Marike barahukanye bamaramye imyaka 38 bimaze kumenyekana ko yagendana n'umugore w'umutunzi mu bucuruzi bwo gutwara ibintu n'amato, yanahavuye arongora mu nyuma.

Ivyo yakoze vyariyamirijwe cane n'aba-Afrikaner bo mw'idini rya Clavin, rimwe gice c'abanya-Afrika y'Epfo b'abazungu bari bazwi cane ku kuguma ku murongo uhasanzwe.

Haheze imyaka itatu, Marike yishwe mu gikorwa c'ubusuma. Umwe mu bamucungerera ubuzima w'imyaka 21 mu nyuma yahavuye yagirwa n'ubwo bwicanyi aca acirirwa gupfungwa ubuzima bwose.

De Klerk ntiyahevye poritike. Yashinze ishirahamwe FW de Klerk Foundation ryo guteza imbere ibikorwa vy'smahoro mu bihugu vy'amoko menshi hanyuma agira ingendo nyinshi kw'isi nk'uwuvugira guteza imbere demokrasi.

Mu 2004 yavuye mu mugambwe New National Party kuko hari umugambi ko ufatanywa na ANC. Yavuze ko yanezerejwe n'impinduka zabaye muri Afrika y'Epfo ariko yemera ko ''hari ibitagenze neza."

Igihe Nelson Mandela yapfa mu 2013, De Klerk yarerekanye icubahiro ku mukuru w'igihugu wa mbere w'umwirabure.

''Yari umuntu ahuza abantu cane, umuntu adasanzwe cane muri iyo nzira, urengeye ibindi vyose yakoze. Uko gushimikira ku kunywanisha niryo ryabaye iragi ryiwe rikomeye kurusha ibindi".

Mu 2015 yagiye mu mpari zo kuri kaminuza ya Oxford, mu kunegura abasaba ko ikibumbano ca Cecil Rhodes kw'ishure rya Oriel kivanwaho.

Yavuze ati : "Abamenyeshure bamye ari bantu bavuze urwamo rwinshi rw'ubusa."

FW de Klerk yagumye kw'iragi ryiwe ry'aba-Afrikaner.Bamwe mu bo bahora bakorana baridoga ko ajana iyo umuyaga uhushe ujana, agafata ingingo kuko abona ko impinduka ata kibuza itegerezwa kuba.

Ariko ico yoba yarashingirako cose, uruhara rwiwe mu nzira yo gushikana ku ntwaro ya benshi muri Afrika y'Epfo mu mahoro muri rusangi, bimuha ikibanza mu bitabo vya kahise mu kinjana ca 20.