Francophonie na Commonwealth: bizanira iki ibihugu bya Africa ?

Ibiheruka ni Cameroun n'u Rwanda, ubu Gabon na Togo nabyo ni ibindi bihugu bikoresha igifaransa byatangaje ko nabyo bishaka kwinjira muri Commonwealth. Ariko se ubundi iyi miryango izanira iki ibihugu bya Africa?

Francophonie na Commonwealth ni imiryango ihuza ibihugu byahoze bikoronizwa n'Ubwongereza cyangwa Ubufaransa.

Francophonie ni iki ?

Origanisation Internationale de la Francphonie (OIF) ni umuryango w'ibihugu wubakiye ku rurimi rw'igifaransa.

Ururimi ruvugwa n'abagera kuri miliyoni 300 ku migabane itanu y'isi nk'uko biri mu mibare ya Observatoire de la langue française yatangawe mu 2018.

Uyu muryango washinzwe mu 1970 ufite intego yo guteza imbere urunyuranye rw'imico, amahoro, demokarasi n'uburengenzira bwa muntu mu bihugu bigera kuri 88 biwugize.

Ufite amahame ugenderaho azwi nka Charte de la Francophonie, yemejwe mu 1997.

Buri myaka ibiri, inama idasanzwe y'uyu muryango iraterana igahuza abakuru b'ibihugu biwugize.

Louise Mushikiwabo wo mu Rwanda - igihugu kandi kiri no muri Commonwealth, niwe munyamabanga mukuru wawo.

OIF ufite inzego ziwufasha kugera ku ntego zayo zirimo Inteko Ishingamategeko ya Francophonie, ufite kandi Agence universitaire de la Francophonie (AUF), TV5MONDE, Ihuriro ry'abakuru b'imigi ikoresha igifaransa hamwe na Université Senghor iri i Alexandrie.

Commonwealth yo ni iki?

Commonwealth ihuriyemo ibihugu 54 bituwe n'abantu bagera kuri miliyari 2,4 ihuriyemo kandi ibihugu bikize n'ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere.

Ibihugu biwugize nabyo bihuriye ku ntego zirimo iterambere, demokarasi n'amahoro, amahame avugwa nk'intego z'ibanze za Commonwealth.

Imizi ya Commonwealth ihera ku bwami bw'Abongereza.

Ariko kuva mu 1949, ibihugu byigenga bya Africa, America, Aziya n'Uburayi byaje kwinjira muri uwo muryango.

Igiheruka kuwinjiramo ni u Rwanda, mu 2009.

Uyu muryango uyoborwa n'ubunyamabanga bwayo bwashinzwe mu 1965 ukagira n'ikigo gifite intego yo gushishikariza abantu demokarasi n'ikitwa Commonwealth of Learning cyo guteza imbere ubumenyi no kwiga hifashishijwe iyakure.

Nyuma y'uko Gabon na Togo, ibihugu byombi biri muri Francophonie, bishaka kujya muri Commonwealth, nk'uko u Rwanda na Cameroun nabyo byabikoze, BBC yavuganye n'abasesenguzi ba politike ngo turebe ibyo iyi miryango yombi izanira ibihugu bya Africa

Ni izihe nyungu iyi miryango iha ibihugu bya Africa?

Bitandukanye na Francophonie, Commonwealth isa n'aho ifite izina rikomeye mu bihugu bya Africa, kubera uburyo bwayo bw'iterambere, nkuko abasesenguzi babivuga.

Birashoboka ko ari cyo gisobanura intambara hagati y'abakoresha igifaransa n'abakoresha icyongereza muri Africa, nk'uko bivugwa na Sylvain Nguessan umusesenguzi wa politiki wo muri Cote d'Ivoire.

Ati: "Hari 'umugani' mu bihugu bikoresha igifaransa ko ugomba kuba igihugu gikoresha icyongereza kugira ngo ubashe gutera imbere.

"Nta gihugu na kimwe cyakoronijwe n'Ubufaransa cyabashije gutera imbere biboneka kugeza ubu, ugereranyije n'ibihugu bikoresha icyongereza byagerageje kuzamuka bigaragara."

Nguessan atanga urugero "u Rwanda, nyuma yo kugera muri Commonwealth, rwabashije kubaka uburyo bw'imibereho bwifuzwa na hose muri Africa."

"Direct rule" cyangwa "indirect rule"?

Sylvain Nguessan ashimangira ko hari impaka zikomeye kuri 'direct rule' na 'indirect rule' no mu gihe cy'ubukoroni.

Ati: "Ubwongereza bwahaga ubwigenge runaka abo bukoroniza, bitandukanye na Élysée cyangwa Quai d'Orsay yashakaga kugenzura byose.

"Bamwe bavuga ko hari uburyo bwo gutekereza by'abakoresha igifaransa no gutekereza by'abakoresha icyongereza. Kandi waba ukoresha icyongereza, uba utekereza ku kwigenga, no kwikorera ibyawe.

"Iyo hasohotse urutonde rw'ibihugu PIB yazamutse, umuhate wabyo mu rwego runaka; muri iterambere rya muntu, muri 'doing business', cyangwa muri demokarasi, usanga ibihugu bikoresha igifaransa biri inyuma cyane, naho ibihugu bikoresha icyongereza ukabona ko bigerageza gutera imbere."

Sylvain Nguessan yongeraho ati: "Hari ibihugu byibwira ko nibiramuka byinjiye muri Commonwealth, bishobora kugera ku bwisanzure runaka."

Umusesenguzi Bacary Domingo Mané wo muri Senegal afite ingingo idatandukanye n'iyo.

Uyu mwalimu w'itumanaho muri politiki avuga ko ibihugu biri muri Commonwealth bifite amahirwe menshi kurusha ibiri muri Francophonie.

Ati: "Ntabwo waguma ku ngingo y'umuco gusa, kuko ni ukuri ko abantu bo mu bihugu bya Commonwealth bafite amahirwe menshi kurusha abari muri Francophonie.

Kubera iyo mpamvu, uko abivuga, "ibyo bituma bihugu bijya gushaka indi miryango y'ubufatanye."

Francophonie, uburyo budafunguye ?

Uburyo bw'imikorere bwa Francophonie bubonwa nk'uburyo bwo gushyira hejuru inyungu z'Ubufaransa.

Uhereye kuri ibyo, bamwe bayibona nk'umuryango urimo inyungu nke kurusha Commonwealth.

Kubwa Sylvain Nguessan "uretse inkunga zahozeho z'amafaranga, 'bourses' zo kwiga, n'ubufatanye mu bya gisikare", Ubufaransa bukoresha politiki ifunganye ku bihugu bwahoze bukoroniza.

Bacary Domingo Mané we ati: "Abafaransa, ni abantu bahoranye uburyo bwo kumva ko bari hejuru, ndetse bagakabya, bari bafite uburyo banasuzugura ibihugu bakoronije, naho uburyo bw'Abongereza buha ubwisanzure runaka n'agaciro ibihugu".

Mané yongeraho ati: "Kuri njye iyo urebye Abafaransa mu bihugu bahoze bakoroniza n'uko nyuma byitwaye, ngera ku mwanzuro ko ari abantu rwose batubahaga abaturage ba Africa."

Sylvain Nguessan yongeraho ko Élysée "ntiyubaha bikwiriye" abategetsi b'ibihugu bikoresha igifaransa.

Ati: "Abategetsi bacu bafite amateka bwite na Élysée batazigera batubwira. Urugero, uko babonwa na Élysée, uko bafatwa iyo bari kuri Quai d'Orsay. Iyo basabye inkunga runaka uko babasubiza."

Atanga urugero rw'igitabo cya Vincent Hugeux, "Tyrans d'Afrique, éditions Perrin", aho avuga ati: "iyo usomye iki gitabo usangamo udushya turambuye tuvuga ku byabaye bwite ku bategetsi bacu na Paris.

"Mu by'ukuri, Paris ntabwo yubaha abo bategetsi. Mbese bisanga bagomba guhindukirira abandi banyembaraga."

Francophonie "nyiramubande" ya Paris ?

Mu bihugu byinshi bikoresha igifaransa, urubyiruko rwinshi rurwanya kandi rukinubira abafata ibyemezo bya politiki babonwa nka ba 'ambasaderi' b'ubutegetsi bwa gikoroni.

Mané ati: "Uyu munsi, hamwe n'imbwirwaruhame z'impirimbanyi, cyane cyane ku bijyanye na Francophonie, ku mpaka ku ifaranga rya CFA, twabonye ko Abanyafurika batakirishaka kuko ari igikoresho cyabo (Abafaransa) cyo kwishyira hejuru."

Uyu musesenguzi abona ko niba Gabon yarafashe umwanzuro wo kujya muri Commonwealth "nta kabuza ni iyo mpamvu".

Bishimangirwa na Sylvain Nguessan wibutsa intambara ya "sosiyete sivile mu bihugu bikoresha igifaransa imaze kurambirwa ubutegetsi bw'Ubufaransa kuri zimwe mu ngingo."

Ati: "Mwaba mwarumvise inkuru ya ECO. Bose barayemeye i Abuja, mu buryo bwa bonyine Macron na Ouattara batangiza uwo mushinga i Abidjan."

Avuga ko uburyo nk'ubwo bw'imikorere butuma ababireba "babone ibihugu bivuga igifaransa nka nyiramubande za Paris, abana bakuru badashobora kugira ubwigenge bwabo imbere ya Paris."

"Ibyo bibabaza abakuriye sosiyete civile muri ibyo bihugu bamwe muri bo ubu bari imbere nka Kemi Seba, Natalia, n'impirimbanyi zo muri Mali, etc. bagerageza gusunikira abategetsi bacu ngo bigenge imbere ya Paris."

Bacary Domingo Mané yumva Africa igomba gufata inshingano zayo ikarenga iyi miryango y'ibihugu igengwa n'ubutegetsi bw'Abafaransa cyangwa Abongereza.

Ati: "Igihe ni iki ngo ibihugu bitangaze kwigenga. Ndavuga gufata imbere habyo mu ntoki zabyo bikahaha icyerekezo, bigafata icyerekezo cy'aho bishaka kuganisha abaturage babyo."

Domingo Mané yongeraho ati: "Nibyo nta ukwiye kuba ukwa wenyine, ariko niba Africa ishaka kwigenga mu by'ukuri, igomba gushaka ubundi buryo bwo kwishyira hamwe aho imbaraga z'ababikoronije zizaba zitayiriho."

Abafatanyabikorwa babiri bashya

Sylvain Nguessan, avuga ko "bituma ibihugu bimwe biri guhindukirira Uburusiya - nk'inzira ya Centrafrique - cyangwa ku Bushinwa nkuko bubanye n'ibihugu bimwe byo muri Africa y'iburasirazuba n'igice cy'ibyo muri CEDEAO."

"Impinduka yaratangiye kandi ibihugu bimwe bya Africa birashaka guhaguruka bigahindura umuvuno burundu. Aho niho tubona imyanzuro y'ibihugu nka Gabon n'ibindi bizakurikiraho," niko Bacary Domingo Mané abibona.

Yongeraho ati: "Hejuru y'ubukungu, ni ikibazo mu byukuri cya politiki kuko ubu turabona ubushake bw'ibihugu bya Africa bwo kwibohora ubutegetsi runaka butabyubaha."

Mané avuga ko "ubu turi mu gihe aho imibanire igomba kuba ishingiye ku bufatanye no kumvikana."

Kuri we, icyo kintu cyo "gushaka impinduka", gituma ibihugu bimwe bigana muri Commonwealth, "kigomba kurebwa cyane n'abakuriye Francophonie".